UVVOICE FOR ISSUE

TOYOTA ENGINEERIAIG STANDARD

NO. : TS H5200G

TITLE : CARBURIZING,~QUENCHING AND TEMPERING

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CLASS: c:

Wmsk mark *+’ in ma standard denotes me changed pornon trwn p- ssue.) :

Revised ( '*' omitted 1
Changed terms and explanation.

. .- _

Date :
‘9 6. 7. 30
Eng~neenng lntormxm System
Plannmg Dept.
Fnr~ncermg .Admmtcrr~rlon Div.
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

NOTE. In the case OI revmon. ae OKJstanaara wmcn nas oeen tssuea betore snout tie arscaraea in proper manner
(suchas ~Mddinq or fire\ to avoid possrbleuse of obsolete standards rnformatton.
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CARBURIZING, QUENCHINGAND TEMPERING

'1. Scope
-.-
This staad covera the- uaLitp,.criteria for
carburizing, !
quenching-and-tempering o9 autcmmbile
steel parts and iron-bum& ,
slntered parts. /
2.rZT
A... - I
Remark: In this standard, units and numerical values given in { )i
are based on the customary units system, and are given fort
reference.
,.
I
i2. Definitio&f- r.1iwr ,

Majo<t&% &d in this stand&rd'shall be defined as follovw I

(1) Carburizing
Caxbu&zing:isf a process. t*fnermmeF,the-amount of carWin
tbr surface layer-of a part by-heating it in.a carburizer,
( 2 1 Quench*ng
Quenching is a hardening process in which a part is rapidly
cooled from an appropriate-temperature above-the
transformation pornt after carburizing.
(3) Tempering -4 A.-
Tempering is a process of GGing to an appropriate .
temperature below the transformation point after carburizing
and quenching, then cooling it, in order to reduce brittleness
caused by quenching and achieve the required hardness.

13. Classification
3.1 The Classification of Carburizing, Quenching and Temperi-
I Fe classification of carburizing , quenching and tempering and
rts codes are shown in Table 1:
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1
Table 1

Treatment

Lov temperature
tempering after pressure resistance, etc.
carburizing and
exceeds 650 HV.

High temperature
tempering after
TSH52OOG-A hardness does not
carburizing and
Ex: hub bolts, 5;.

Bemmfi: Carburizing- an&hardening may be substituteWf& by

carboni triding , quenching and tempering wEiikz+l~w
temperature tempering is applied to carbon;Us
(including hot rolled steel sheets, cold rolhd steel
sheets and carbon. steel pipes). . 3 I .:

3.2 Classification of Case Hardening Prevention ---

: _?ff*‘G!”
The classification and symbols for case hardening- prevention
for steel parts are shown in Table 2:
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Table 2

Claaaification of
Symbol case hardening Purpose ifhamplea. of method
prevention
Suppreaa.
carburizing and Some degree Cap. the portions not to be- tatter-
hardening of toughness hardened before treatment

The portions not to be case-

hardended are tempered at a high
Prevent hardening temperature after carburizing and
22 (carburization is Toughness hardening, or,.only the portiona to
permitted) be hardened are heated and quenchrsd
after carburizing and graduaL
cooling.
Prevent case hardening by applying
preventive material or copper
~ Weidabiiity
plating to the portions not be
23 Prevent carburizing care-hardened, or carburizing only
Toughnerr
the portions to be hardened, or
'remove nne carburrzed Layer 3y
t- Icutting or grinding.
1
Remarks:l. Case hardening prevention are effective in the order
of 23, 22 and Zl. 23 is a perfect means to prevent
case hardening. Accordingly, if Zl is specified, 22
or 23 may be used in the production process.
Similarly, 23 may be used for 22.
2. Case hardening prevention shall not be applied to
iron-based sintered parts.

+* Standard Specifications
The standard specifications tor the carburized, quenched and
tempered parts are given below. It is preferable to have prior
consultatxon and agreement with concerned parties if other
specifications are to be applied.
4.1 Surface Hardness
Standard specifications for surface hardness are shown in Table1
3:
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@ j TOYOTA EhlGINEEATNG STANDARD’ 1T.S H520()G- . -

I
Table 3
I

Code Carbon steeL(l) 1 Alloy steel 1 Iron-based sintered metal

I
TSH5200G 650 to 850 Hd2) 720 to 850 HV
550 to. 850 W 7oo to 800.&3) 600 to 850 wf3. 2

TSH5200G-A 450 to 650 IN 1400 to 500- w

Notes:(l) Includes hot rolled steel stieets, cold rollSa steel

sheets and carbon steel pipes.
(2) Applies to small parts for which the standard case
hardening depth is 0.5T or above.
(3) Applies to differential ring gears. I

4.2 Case Hardening Depth

4.2.1 Steel Parts

The standard specifications for case hardening depth are
given in Table 4. The total case hardening depth applies
when the specified lower limit for surface hardness IS less
than 650 HV.
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Tabfe 4 ..-‘A.
.-
Unit: mm
Standard value Permissible deviation
,-
Effective
case Total caue’
hardcning Applies to non-grinded Applies to grinding
hardening portions (without "G") portions (without "G“)
depth depth
t I !
(O.lT) +0.06 +0.10
- -0.04 -0.04
,, _ (0.2TJ +o. 15 +0.20- -
-0.10 -0.10
0.3 .:: ..:c, @.3T'- +0.20 +025
. -0.15 '
<> -0.15
0.4 ' (0.4T) +0.25 +0.30
__-.. -0.15 -0.15
0.5 O.ST- +0.25. +0.30---
-0.20 -0.20
0.6 (0.6T) 1 +0.30 I +0.35
-0.20 -0.20
I I
0.7 (0.7T)
I +0.30 +0.35
/ (0.8) 0.8T -0.25 -0.25
0.9 0.9T
I
1.0 (l.OT)
1.1 . , .- -
-- * '..$.‘ -. . . >I: .
1.2 - +0.35 +0.40
-0.25 -0.25
/ ' 1.3 1.3T
I 1.5 -
I 1.7 1.7T
I *
iiemarks:l. “G” is at itached to the end of the standard
value when a
I
case hard iening (depth is specified for g;rinding portions.
Ex. I: 0.5G : effective case hardenrng depth of the
grinding portion is 0.5 mm
Ex. 2: O.SGT: total case hardening depth of the
grinding portion is 0.5 mm
2. It is desirable to use case hardening depths not
parenthesized.
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Bemarks:3. Case hardening depth may be specified for "0th grindin!

and non-grinded portions of a single part. In this
case? the margin for grinding must be taker; intn-
consideration before specifyrng the case hardening-
depth. The case hardening depth for the inai’de of a
thick-wall: part is smaller (approximately 0;2?b 014
mm) than the outside even before grinding. In such a
case, it is preferable to refer to Table 5:

Table 5
Unit: mm
f
Standard value for Standard value _fo~.~ '
case hardening depth case hardening, deFthi f
after grinding non-grinded porticme /

Remark: For gears, it is desirable to select theq--r%se

hardening depth from Table 6 taking intolaccount thl
fatigue strength, pitting life, quench distortion,
etc. --
If there is a large difference in the number of
revolutions, as in the case of a differential ring gear an
drive pinion, the one with the higher revolutioa_apeed.
should have a case hardening depth greater tham the
standard value shown in Table 6 by approximately. 0.1 mop

Table 6
 4.2.2 Iron-Based Sintered Parts Y
zhe standard specification for case harder$ng, deptfiiis
full,- case: hardening depth: 0.5T minimum. The: upper
liuxit is not specified.
4.3- cc&&ine*s
Core.hardness may be specified as required. It should be
expressed in Vickers hardness (HV) as up er and lower Limits.
A, standard portion must be- indicated, & en specifying; _alose
consultation with concerned parties is necessary.
4.4 Range of Case Hardening Prevention Limit .26&J
Thectolerance for the-ra e of caae‘hardenin preventimfor
steel parts is 5 mm for Y2 and 22, and 4 m" f or-23; 'zum

5. Quality
Surface Hardness
(1) If a standard portion is not specified, the surfacm
hardness of functionally important areas of a patbmuat
satisfy the specified value.
(2) When,"G" is suffixad,to,t&.s Reifjgdtvalue for the:
Iiardening .depth;' the"sur;f&ce E'ardiibss -after grinding
satisfy the specified val'tie.
-
Case Eazdeming Depth
(1) WhLsna-standard porti;on-rti not -spcif db the case
hardenin de th m functionally mpor P&nt portions_
within t t e aPlowance limit. Further. there shall be PO ,
significant difference between functionally necessary :
portions. __--
(2) When "G" is suffixed to the standard value for the cage
hardening depth, the case hardening depth after grinding
must be within the allowance limit.
Core Hardness
The core hardness at the standard portion must satisfy the
standard value.
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5.4 Microstructure
(1) Before tempering, the surface of the hardened Layer shall
exhibit alurrtensitic structure, and, shall bei free from
significant amounts of residual austenite,
troostite, ferrite or decarburization. Ifo e:ie
gas carburizing method is used, non*artensipia.~structutr
found on the surface may be permitted provided-that the
quantity is not significantly large.
(2) There. shall- be no significant growth of grains4 in the
hardened layer or in the deeper portions.
5-5 Case Hardening Prevention Areas
The quality oE WEhardening prevention areas.oB"steel pr-ts
must satSsf+rT&le 7.c. I-,.-

Table 7

Application

ve?:son areas 8 not _excee

bmaak: The upper limit: forlsurface-hardness for Z2'may be

altered depending on the part shape after*comwltation
with concerned parties.

5.6 Appearance
(1) The surface shall be free from abnormalities atich’as
cracks or flaws.
(2) There shall be no soot or oxide film detrimental to use.
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r I

‘6. Test Method

The-quality- characteristics specified in this: standard shaLl be
tested; according-.to: the following:
6.1 Surface Hardness
Hardness tests shall be performed in accordance with TSG2200G
and TSG2500G. Test loads are determined in accordance with
Table 8:

Table- 8

Standard value for

case hardening depth 1
(mm)
Test load for
'Vickers hatdnese Remarks
Effective
Total case test apparatus
case
hardening 1
hardening
depth
depth

Grind with emery paper,

etc., and finish by wet
O.lT 4.90 N (500 gf} buffing. Use a micro
Vickers hardness teat
-
apparatus.
.,, -:.A . u I I, A

196 N {20 bf)

before grlndrng
490 N (50 kgf}

Fernark: In 3 m-e-grinding check z;f ;arts In ;-hi& :he surface

hard&is of the grindin areas is essential use the
test loads iven in ( f For iron-based slntered
metals, 1.9 % N (200 gf} ihall be used.
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6.2 Case Hardening Depth
The case-hardening depth shall be tested-in accord&ace with-
TSH5000G. The standard test-load for neasuringt *case-
hardening shall be 49 N {5 kgf}. However, if twecified
case hardening depth is Om&?Tor below, 4,903 rO*@Wb &~~shal!l
----_-
apply.
6.3' C'ore Hardness .-
Vickers hardness tests shall be performed ona cro88 section
the part. The standard test load is 196 N 120 kgf))for stee
arts, and 98 N { 10 kgf} for iron-based sintertitals. Th
Eardness test shall be performed ip accordance with TSGZ OG
and-TSGZSOOG‘..
a::.
6-4 Microstructure ?DlE.
Test method for microstructure shall be- perfom&--in-accorda:
with TSG2lr)OG. .., .
6.5 Case Hardening Prevention
According to TSG2200G, TSH5000G and TSG2100G.

7. Specification Method
I
7-l Items to Be Specified
The-items to be specified and the specification method are
shown in Table 9:
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I
I

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Table 9

r Etentto be specified Specif icetion-

TSH5200G-=3
Type of treatment
\ ype of treatment
Specified.
Surface hardness Surface; “KKl to CC0 HV
for- ail
parts
Case hardening depth Depth; CC-3

Type of case hardning TSHS200G-0na_

prmtion- .- LType. of case
hardening prevention

Range and tolerance for

case hardening t*f;:;:;::::^'
prevention

Core hardneeec4) Core; COO to COO W

Specified
oniy when
necessary
@ ; OOO(give written dercription)
Standard portion (4) or
illustrate as follows;.

-.--_--__I - -.-- . s-a-

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3,
Specifications of other
characteristics,
LocaLLy variant Indicate in an appropriate and clear
characteristics, and manner
processing conditions

j Nate:(4) A standard portion must be specified when designating a

core narcmess.
I
I
Remarks:l. The standard portron shall be indicated in the figure. /
If difficult, however, it may be described in writing.
2. When designating a standard portion, the pro erty to
be applied to that standard portion (e.g., t ri e surface /
hardness, case hardening depth, internal hardness)
must also be stated clearly.
cx: center of 43 portion; core hardness: 240
49 to 440 HV
43 (indicated in the figure); depth: 0.3T
 7.2 Examples of Designation in Drawings
Cal- Ordinary carburizing
quenching and tempering Xateriai treatment ~
TSH5200G
Surface; 720 to SSp EN
Depth ; 0.9
--
(b) Cafe hardening depth for
grrnded portions I Material, .;Fautmarte
1s
required TSH5200G .-
Surface; 720 c0-85p w
Depth ; 0.9G ---”
(c) To designate totar camz
.hardenipg:depth for high
- at&uperature-tempering-

(d) case hardening prevenrion

1s required

c5
=TzL
Case hardenlnq 0
prevention

I
--ee+-Tw-de site *
=gm-w-a- snmff&rd-- - _-.. -.--. .
Kate&al. tn8tmcnt
TSH5200G
Surface; 720 to 85018~
Depth ; 0.5G
c$$ Inside: Depth
(f) To designate core hardness
Material t+ea‘tmcnt
TSH5200C
Suriace; 120 t0 a50 w
Depth ; 0.7
Core ; 280 t0 480 uv
(indicated in the figure);
Core
(g) Example for iron-based
sintered metal
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APPENDIX CARBURIZING. QUENCHING AND TEMPmPIIE)c,

T-73i?
Scope .-
This-Appendix covers carburizing? quenchihg and- t&$@g -xkF
speclfled in already issued drawings, which were subU$cted to tk
application of old standards.
It is desirable that the material codes are updated to new code5
when the drawings are corrected or renewed by engineering changr
For newly made drawings, indicate the new codes. The new codes
shall be in accordance with the Text of this standard.

. Codes
Codes specified in this Appendix are in accordance with Appendix
Table 1.

Appendix Table 1

I Code I Treatment I Application

Parts that require high fatigue
Low temperature strength, wear resistance, m&ace
TSH5200
twering after pressure resistance, etc. Applied when
carburizing and the upper limit for surface hardness
quenching exceeds 650 W.
Ex: gears, shafts, balls, joint baLlr.

High temperature Parts that require high tm.

tempering after Applied when the upper limit for surface
TS85200-A carburizing and
hardness does not exceed 650 EV.
quenching Ex: hub bolts, hanger pins, value sprrng
retainers.

3. Specified Contents
I Same as the Text of this standard
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Applicable stadards
TSGZlOOG Microscopic Structure Detecting Method for Metals
TSGZZOOG Hardness Test Methods for Metals
TSGZSOOG Hardness Test Method for Sintered Metal Materials
TSH5000G Case Depth

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