INTRODUCTION –

FROG IS A COMMON AMPHIBIOUS ANIMAL , WHICH LIVE BOTH IN WATER

AND ON LAND. IT IS COMMONLY FOUND IN OR NEAR WATER
PONDS,LAKES,DITCHES . THE FROG BREEDS DURING RAINY SEASON.
DURING THIS PERIOD FROG ALWAYS MOVE TO WATER AND THE MALE
FROGS PRODUCE HIGH PITCHED CROAKING SOUND TO ATTRACT THE
FEMALE FROG FOR MATING.

THE PAIR STAYS IN A SEXUAL EMBRACE CALLED AMPLEXUS UNTIL THE

FEMALE DISCHARGES THE EGGS. THE MALE FROG ALSO SHED ITS
SPERMS IMMEDIETLY OVER THE EGGS. THE EGGS ARE COVERED WITH
JELLY WHICH ON COMING ON CONTACT WITH WATER,SWELLS AND
BINDSTHE EGGS INTO A COHERENT MASS CALLED THE FROG SPAWN. IN
ABOUT 12 HOURS , A TADPOLE LARVA HATCHES FROM EACH EGG.THE
TADPOLE IN ABOUT 7MM LONG AND IS FISH LIKE WITH A TAIL FOR
SWIMMING AND THREE PAIR OF FEATHERY GILLS FOR BREATHING.

THE TADPOLE BEGINS TO UNDERGO MANY CHANGES IN WHICH SOME OF

ITS ORGANS ARE LOST AND OTHERS UNDERGO MODIFICATIONS TO FORM
THE ORGANS OF ADULT. ALL THIS CHANGE WHICH TRANSFERM A
TADPOLE INTO A YOUNG FROG IS CALLED METAMORPHOSIS.
OBJECTIVE
STUDY OF THE
METAMORPHOSIS OF
FROG’S TADPOLE
THROUGH SPECIMENS.
MATERIAL REQUIRED –

1. PRESERVED SPECIMENS OF
DIFFERENT STAGES OF FROG’S
TADPOLE
2. NOTEBOOK
3. PEN
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

OBSERVE THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF

FROG’S TADPOLE AND RECORD THE CHANGES IN IT:

1. FRESH HATCHED TADPOLE. THE FRESHLY HATCHED LARVA IS

LIMBLESS, MOUTHLESS, EYELESS CREATURE OF DARK COLOUR. IT
HAS A PROMINANT HEAD AND A SMALL COMPRESSED TAIL. ON THE
HEAD PRESENT RUDIMENTARY EYES, OLFACTORY PITS AND MOUTH.
BEHIND THE MOUTH IS PRESENT THE CEMENT GLAND AND A PAIR OF
SUCKERS.ON THE TRUNK ARE PRESENT V-SHAPED MYOTOMES.AT
THE JUNCTION OF THE HEAD WITH THE TRUNK ARE PRESENT
VISCERAL ARCHES THAT CARRY BLUNT EXTERNAL GILLS. COACAL
APERTURE IS SITUATED AT THE POSTERIOR END OF THE TRUNK.
2. FULLY DEVELOPED TADPOLE. THE LARVA GETS TRANSFORMED INTO A
FULLY DEVELOPED LARVA WHICH SWIMS ACTIVELY IN WATER. ITS
BODY IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF FISH. THE BODY IS DIVIDED INTO A HEAD
AND A TAIL PROVIDED WITH DORSAL AND VENTRAL FINS. THE HEAD
BEARS MOUTH WITH HORNY JAW AT THE ANTERIO-VENTRAL END.ON
THE LATERAL SIDES OF THE HEAD ARE PRESENT FOUR PAIRS OF
TRANSVERSE SLITS KNOWN AS A BRANCHIAL CLEFTS.
RUDIMENTARY EXTERNAL GILLS ARE ALSO PRESENT. ON EITHER SIDE
IS PRESENT A FOLD OF SKIN KNOWN AS OPERCULUM. WHICH COVERS
ALL THE BRANCHIAL CLEFTS.THE RUDIMENTARY GILLS COVERED
UNDER THE OPERCULUM, GRADUALLY DISSAPEAR IN DUE COURSE OF
TIME.
3. YOUNG FROG. THE FULY DEVELOPED TADPOLE DEVELOPS INTO AN
YOUNG FROG WITH FOLLOWING CHANGES :

TAIL DISAPPEARS, GILLS ARE REPLACED BY LUNGS. HIND LIMBS

INCREASES IN LENGTH AND FORE LIMBS DEVELOP. MOUTH WIDENS
AND HORNY TEETH DISAPPEAR. THE BODY BECOMES PIGMENTED. IT
BECOME CARNIVOROUS AND BECOME A FULL FROG.
REFERENCES –

1. CLASS 12 BIOLOGY
PRACTICAL BOOK
2. BIOLOGY NCERT BOOK
3. WIKIPEDIA
NAME – ASHUTOSH BEHERA
CLASS - XII
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CETIFY THAT ASHUTOSH
BEHERA , A STUDENT OF CLASS XII
HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED
THE RESEARCH ON THE BELOW
MENTIONED PROJECT UNDER THE
GUIDANCE OF MRS. SITAKUMARI
MURMU (SUBJECT TEACHER)
DURING YEAR 2019-20 IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF BIOLOGY
PRACTICAL EXAM CONDUCTED BY
CBSE , NEW DELHI.

SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE OF SUBJECT

TEACHER
IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS PROJECT
SUCCESSFULLY, MANY PEOPLE HAVE BEST OWNED UPON
ME THEIR BLESSINGS AND THE HEART PLEDGED
SUPPORT, THIS TIME I AM UTILIZING TO THANK ALL THE
PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN CONCERNED WITH PROJECT.

PRIMARILY I WOULD THANK MY PRINCIPAL MR. RAM

RAJ SINGH AND BIOLOGY TEACHER MRS. SITA KUMARI
MURMU WHOSE VALUABLE GUIDANCE HAS BEEN THE
ONES THAT HELPED ME PATCH THIS PROJECT AND MAKE
IT FULL PROOF SUCCESS HIS SUGGESTIONS AND HIS
INSTRUCTIONS HAS SERVED AS THE MAJOR
CONTRIBUTOR TOWARDS THE COMPLETION OF THE
PROJECT.

THEN I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY PARENTS AND WHO

HAVE HELPED ME WITH THEIR VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS
AND GUIDANCE HAS BEEN HELPFUL IN VARIOUS PHASES
OF COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT.

LAST BUT NOT THE LEAST I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY

CLASSMATES WHO HAVE HELPED ME A LOT.
INDEX –
1. CERTIFICATE OF
EXCELLENCE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF THE PROJECT
4. MATERIAL REQUIRED
5. OBSERVATION
6. REFERENCES