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FIGURE 1
I Fixedend 1 1
The cantilever beam shown in Figure 1 is in
tension along the top and in compression along the
bath ends a d d e d end
bottom. In contrast, the relationship of the applied
force and the points of support on the member shown
in Figure 2 is such that the curve of deflection is
inverted, and the member is in tension along the bottom
and in compression along the top.
Fixed end 1 Free end 1
center I center I
Fixed end 1 1
FIGURE 2
M = - -PL I '=- P L3
n = 1.47"
1, = 62.6 in'
P = 10,000 lbs
FIGURE 3
5,000 ibs 5,000 lbs
The bending moment ( M ) may be determined The top portion of the benm being in compression,
from standard beam diagrams. Table 1 lists several
of these, along with the formulas for bending moment,
shear, and deflection. A more complete presentation is
included in the Hcfsrcnce Section on Beam Diagrams.
Normally there is no interest in knowing what the
bending stresses are somewhere inside a beam. Usually
= 5,870 psi (compression)
the bending strrss at the outer fiber is needed because
it is of ~naximumvalue. In an unsymmetrical section,
the distance c must hr taken in the correct direction
across that portion of the section which is in tension
or that portion which is in compression, as desired.
Ordinarily only the maximum stress is needed and
this is the stress at the outer fiber under tension, which
rests at the greater distance c from the neutral axis.
FIGURE 4
A standard rolled '"I? section (ST-6" wide flange, Find the maximum deflection of the previous beam
80.5 lbs) is used as a bcam, 100" long, supported on under the sainr loading. From the beam diagrams,
each end and bearing a concentrated load of 10,000 Table 1, the appropriate iormula is found to he -
Ibs at the middle. Find the maximum tensile and
maximum compressive bending stresses. Amax = L:' and therefore
Figure 3 shows the cross-section of this beam, 48 E 1
together with its load diagram. ( 10,000) (100)"
Referring to Tahlc I, the formula for the bending = flr6-2q
moment of this type of bcam is found to be-
=r. ,111'
- '
PL
M = -- and therefore
4
. HORlZONTAL SHEAR STRESS
FIGURE 5
a - desird, in.
arca of section hiyxid planc where stress is
desired, in."
( a ) Substituting the above values into the formula,
the horizontal shear strcss ( 7 ) is found:
y = distance of wntcr of gravity of area to neutral
axis of entire section, in.
,. = VI at y
I Problem 3 ]
=-
1196 psi
f = T t 'and thus
= I196 X 0.905
FIGURE 7 = 1080 Ihs/in.
Assume that the "T' beam in our previous example There are two M e t welds, one on each side of
(Problem 1) is fabricated by wclding. Under the same the "T" joining the flange to the web. Each will have
load conditions, to support half oi the shear force or 540 ibs/in. and
( a ) Find thc horizontal shear stress in the plane its leg size would be:
wherc the weh joins the flange.
( b ) Then find thc size of co~itinuo~is fillet welds
on both sides, joining the web to the flange.
From the beain diagrams, Table 1, the appropriate
formula for vrrtical shear ( V ) is found to be-
This would be an extremely small continuous fillet
r
V = - and thus meld. Bascd upon the AWS, the minimum size fillet
2
weld for the thicker 1.47" plate would be 5/16".
If manual mtermittent fillet welds are to be used,
the percentage of the length of the joint to be welded
would he:
2.4-4 / Load & Stress Analysis
Amalysis of Bending / 2.4-5
More than a carlood of welding electrode was employed in the fabrication of this huge
bucket-wheel iron ore reclaiming machine at the Eagle Mountain Mine. Steel pipe was
used extensively in the 170' long all-welded truss, of triangular cross-section, that is the
main load-carrying member.
2.4-6 / Load & Stress Analysis