Dhingra D.

Lateral to buccopharyngeal fascia

Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, Esophagus E. None of the above
1. (10) Taste buds are seen in all of the
following papillae EXCEPT: 7. (46) Tonsil develops from
A. Circumvallate A. 1st pouch
B. Fungiform B. 2nd pouch
C. Filiform C. 2nd cleft
D. Foliate D. 1st cleft

2. (12) The structures passing between 8. (48) Fordyce’s (spots) granules in

upper border of superior constrictor oral cavity arise from
muscle and base of skull include all A. mucous glands
EXCEPT: B. sebaceous glands
A. levator palatini C. taste buds
B. tensor tympani D. minor salivary glands
C. Eustachian tube
D. Ascending palatine artery Salivary Glands
9. (1) Amount of saliva secreted in 24
3. (14) Match the muscles with their hours is:
nerve supply: A. 50-100 ml
A. stylohyoid i. CN IX B. 200-300 ml
B. Stylopharyngeus ii. CN XII C. 600-800 ml
C. Styloglossus iii. CN VII D. 1000-1500 ml
D. Palatoglossus iv. CN XI
10. (2) Major amount of saliva when
4. (31) Earache following tonsillectomy salivary glands are not stimulated is
is referred through which nerve(s)? contributed by:
A. glossopharyngeal A. Parotid glands
B. vagus B. Submandibular glands
C. mandibular branch of trigeminal C. Sublingual glands
D. all of the above D. Minor salivary glands

5. (34) Main blood supply of tonsil Larynx and Trachea

comes from 11. (1) Cricoid cartilage is a derivative of
A. Ascending pharyngeal artery which branchial arch?
B. Dorsal lingual branches of lingual A. 3rd arch
artery B. 4th arch
C. Tonsillar branch of facial artery C. 6th arch
D. Descending palatine from maxillary D. hypobranchial eminence

6. (35) In quinsy, pus lies: 12. (2) Sensory nerve supply above the
A. Crypta magna level of the vocal cords is:
B. Medial to superior constrictor A. Glossopharyngeal
C. Lateral to superior constrictor B. Superior laryngeal
C. Recurrent laryngeal C. Lateral cricoarytenoid
D. Pharyngeal branch of vagus D. Cricothyroid

13. (3) The thyroid angle in male is: 19. (12) Anteroposterior size of glottis in
A. 60 degrees males is
B. 90 degrees A. 16 mm
C. 100 degrees B. 20 mm
D. 120 degrees C. 24 mm
D. 28 mm
14. (4) All of the following laryngeal
cartilages undergo calcification 20. (13) Type of epithelium lining the
except: vocal cords is
A. Thyroid A. keratinizing stratified squamous
B. Cricoid B. non-keratinizing stratified squamous
C. Epiglottis C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
D. Arytenoid D. cuboidal

15. (5) On an average, respiratory dead 21. (28) The cranial nerve with the
space is: largest intracranial course is
A. 100 ml A. III
B. 150 ml B. IV
C. 200 ml C. VI
D. 250 ml D. VIII

16. (6) All of the following laryngeal
muscles are adductors of vocal cord
except:
A. lateral cricoarytenoid
B. posterior cricoarytenoid
C. thyroarytenoid
D. oblique arytenoid
17. (7) Paralysis of recurrent laryngeal
nerve does not affect the function
of:
A. thyroarytenoid
B. lateral cricoarytenoid
C. vocalis
D. cricothyroid
18. (8) Which of the following muscle is
tensor of vocal cord?
A. Posterior cricoarytenoid
B. Transverse arytenoid
22. (29) The largest cranial nerve is
A. V
B. VII
C. X
D. XI
GUYTON
23. Swallowing is a complex process that
involves signaling between the
pharynx and swallowing center in
the brainstem. Which of the
following structures is critical for
determining whether a bolus of food
is small enough to be swallowed?
A) Epiglottis
B) Larynx
C) Palatopharyngeal folds
D) Soft palate
E) Upper esophageal sphincter

24. Which of the following substances
will elicit the sensation of sour
taste?
A) Aldehydes
B) Alkaloids
C) Amino acids
D) Hydrogen ions
E) Ketones
25. Which of the following is the middle
ear ossicle that is attached to the
tympanic membrane?
A) Columella
B) Incus
C) Malleus
D) Modiolus
E) Stapes
26. Which of the following regarding the
attenuation reflex is correct?
A) Can increase the intensity of low-
frequency sound transmission by 30 to
40 decibels
B) Increases the rigidity of the ossicular
system, thereby reducing conduction of
low-frequency sounds
C) Masks high-frequency sounds in a
loud environment so lower frequency
sounds are more easily heard
D) Occurs following a latent period of 4
to 8 seconds after the loud sound
E) Protects the cochlea from the
damaging vibrations of relatively quiet
but high frequency sounds
27. Which of the following substances
will elicit the sensation of bitter
taste?
A) Aldehydes
B) Alkaloids
C) Amino acids
D) Hydrogen ions
E) Ketones
28. Which of the following taste
sensations is the most sensitive (i.e.,
has the lowest stimulation
threshold)?
A) Acid
B) Bitter
C) Salty
D) Sour
E) Sweet
29. Which of the following statements
regarding the basilar membrane is
correct?
A) Vibrates best at high frequency
near the base of the cochlea,
whereas it vibrates best at low
frequency at the apex of the cochlea
B) Spiral ganglion lies on its surface
C) Contains basilar fibers whose
diameter increases from the base of
the cochlea to the apex of the
cochlea
D) Contains basilar fibers whose
length decreases from the base of
the cochlea to the apex of the
cochlea
E) Separates the scala media from
the scala vestibuli
30. Which of the following substances is
responsible for the umami taste
sensation?
A) Acetic acid
B) Potassium tartrate
C) Long-chained organic substances
containing nitrogen
D) Fructose
E) Glutamate
31. Which compartment of the cochlea
contains the organ of Corti?
A) Ampulla
B) Saccule
C) Scala media
D) Scala tympani
E) Scala vestibule
32. Which of the following statements
regarding the transmission of taste
information from the tongue to the
cerebral cortex is correct?
A) Majority of thalamic neurons in
taste pathway synapse in the
occipital lobe
B) Nerve fibers carrying taste
information from the tongue have
no synapse in the brainstem
C) Nerve fibers carrying taste
information from the tongue
synapse in the solitary nucleus
D) Thalamic nucleus involved in the
taste pathway is the dorsal medial
nucleus
E) Thalamic nucleus involved in the
taste pathway is the ventral
posterolateral nucleus
33. Which of the following best
describes when the transmission of
sound waves in the cochlea occurs?
A) When the foot of the stapes
moves inward against the oval
window and the round window
bulges outward
B) When the foot of the stapes
moves inward against the round
window and the oval window bulges
outward
C) When the head of the malleus
moves inward against the oval
window and the round window
bulges outward
D) It occurs when the incus moves
inward against the oval window and
the round window bulges outward
E) It occurs when the incus moves
inward against the round window
and the oval window bulges
outward
34. Which of the following statements
regarding the cranial nerve
innervation of the tongue is correct?
A) Taste information from the anterior
two-thirds of the tongue is transmitted to
the solitary nucleus by the
glossopharyngeal nerve
B) Taste information from the pharynx is
transmitted to the solitary nucleus by the
facial nerve
C) Taste information from the posterior
third of the tongue is transmitted to the
solitary nucleus by the glossopharyngeal
nerve
D) Taste information from the posterior
third of the tongue initially travels with
the lingual nerve
E) Taste information from the posterior
third of the tongue initially travels with
the chorda tympani nerve
35. Olfactory receptor cells belong to
which of the following groups of
cells?
A) Bipolar neurons
B) Fibroblasts
C) Modified epithelial cells
D) Multipolar neurons
E) Pseudounipolar neurons
36. Which of the following statements
regarding hair cells is correct?
A) Hair cells depolarize when their
stereocilia are bent toward the
shortest stereocilium
B) Nerve fibers stimulated by hair
cells have their cell bodies in the
cochlear nuclei of the brainstem
C) The stereocilia of the hair cells are
longer on the side of the hair cell
nearest the modiolus
D) There are more inner hair cells
than outer hair cells in the organ of
Corti
 E) Transmission of auditory signals is
performed mainly by inner hair cells
rather than outer hair cells
37. The stereocilia of hair cells are
embedded in which membrane?
A) Basilar
B) Reissner’s
C) Tectorial
D) Tympanic
E) Vestibular
38. Which of the following cranial
nerves is correctly paired with the
extraocular muscle it innervates?
A) Abducens nerve–medial rectus
B) Oculomotor nerve–inferior
oblique
C) Oculomotor nerve–lateral rectus
D) Oculomotor nerve–superior
oblique
E) Trochlear nerve–superior rectus
39. After olfactory receptor cells bind
odor molecules, a sequence of
intracellular events occurs that
culminates in the entrance of
specific ions that depolarize the
olfactory receptor cell. Which of the
following ions are involved?
A) Calcium ions
B) Chloride ions
C) Hydrogen ions
D) Potassium ions
E) Sodium ions
40. Which of the following sensory
systems has the smallest range of
intensity discrimination?
A) Auditory
B) Gustatory
C) Olfactory
D) Somatosensory
E) Visual
41. Which of the following molecules
moves from the endolymph into the
stereocilia and depolarizes the hair
cell?
A) Calcium ions
B) Chloride ions
C) Hydrogen ions
D) Potassium ions
E) Sodium ions
42. Which of the following events
prompts the auditory system to
interpret a sound as loud?
A) Decreased number of inner hair
cells become stimulated
B) Decreased number of outer hair
cells become stimulated
C) Hair cells excite nerve endings at
a diminished rate
D) Amplitude of vibration of the
basilar membrane decreases
E) Amplitude of vibration of the
basilar membrane increases
43. In the central auditory pathway
which of the following represents
the correct sequence of structures in
the pathway?
A) Cochlear nuclei–superior olive–
inferior colliculus via the lateral
lemniscus - medial geniculate–auditory
cortex
B) Cochlear nuclei–inferior olive–
inferior colliculus via the medial
lemniscus - medial geniculate–auditory
cortex
C) Cochlear nuclei–superior olive–
superior colliculus via the lateral
lemniscus - lateral geniculate–auditory
cortex
D) Cochlear nuclei–inferior olive–
inferior colliculus via the lateral
lemniscus - lateral geniculate–auditory
cortex
E) Cochlear nuclei–trapezoid body–
dorsal acoustic stria–inferior colliculus
via the lateral lemniscus–medial
geniculate–auditory cortex
44. Which of the following statements
regarding the transmission of
auditory information from the ear to
the cerebral cortex is correct?
A) Inferior colliculus neurons
synapse in the cochlear nuclei of the
brainstem
B) Neurons with cell bodies in the
spiral ganglion of Corti synapse in
the inferior colliculus
C) The majority of neurons from the
cochlear nuclei synapse in the
contralateral superior olivary
nucleus
D) There is no crossing-over of
information between the right and
left auditory pathways in the
brainstem
E) Trapezoid neurons synapse in the
cochlear nuclei of the brainstem
45. The function of the round window
can best be described by which of
the following?
A) Provides the connection point for
the stapes
B) Serves to damp out low frequency
sounds such as your own voice
C) Transmits the frequency
information into the cochlea from
the tympanic membrane
D) Serves as the pressure relief valve
for the cochlea
E) Transmits amplitude information
into the cochlea from the tympanic
membrane
46. Which of the following statements
regarding the two types of deafness
is correct?
A) An audiogram of a person with
conduction deafness would show
much greater loss for air conduction
than bone conduction of sound
B) An audiogram of a person with
nerve deafness would show much
greater loss for bone conduction
than air conduction of sound
C) Conduction deafness occurs when
the cochlea or cochlear nerve is
impaired
D) Nerve deafness occurs when the
physical structures that conduct the
sound into the cochlea are impaired
E) Prolonged exposure to very loud
sounds is more likely to cause
deafness for high-frequency sounds
than low frequency sounds
47. Olfactory information transmitted to
the orbitofrontal cortex passes
through which thalamic nucleus?
A) Dorsomedial
B) Lateral geniculate
C) Medial geniculate
D) Ventral posterolateral
E) Ventral posteromedial
48. Auditory information is relayed
through which thalamic nucleus?
A) Dorsomedial nucleus
B) Lateral geniculate nucleus
C) Medial geniculate nucleus
D) Ventral posterolateral nucleus
E) Ventral posteromedial nucleus
49. The phenomenon of taste
preference is
A) a central nervous system process
B) the result of neonatal stimulation
of circumvallate papilla
 C) a learned behavior in animals
D) a result of taste bud maturation
E) a result of taste bud proliferation
following exposure to glutamic acid
50. Which type of papillae is located in
the posterior part of the tongue?
A) Circumvallate
B) Foliate
C) Fungiform
D) Fungiform and circumvallate
E) Papilla of Vater
51. Which type of papillae is located in
the folds along the lateral surfaces
of the tongue?
A) Circumvallate
B) Foliate
C) Fungiform
D) Fungiform and circumvallate
E) Papilla of Vater
52. The first central synapse for neurons
transmitting the sweet taste
sensation is in which of the following
structures?
A) Dorsal sensory nucleus of vagus
nerve
B) Nucleus of solitary tract
C) Nucleus of olfactory nerve
D) Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
E) Nucleus of facial nerve
53. Which brainstem structure plays a
major role in determining the
direction from which a sound
originates?
A) Cochlear nucleus
B) Inferior colliculus
C) Lateral lemniscus
D) Superior olivary nucleus
E) Trapezoid
EMBRYOLOGY
54. In the developing embryo,
pharyngeal arches are formed.
The second (branchial) arch
gives rise to the stapedius,
orbicularis oris, and posterior
belly of the digastric muscles.
Which of the following cranial
nerves is also derived from this
arch?
A. III
B. V
C. VII
D. IX
E. XI
55. A newborn examination is
performed. The tympanic
membranes are visualized
bilaterally. What is the
embryologic origin of the
structure that forms the canal
connecting the external ear to the
tympanic membrane?
A. Bony labyrinth
B. First pharyngeal cleft
C. Endolymphatic duct
D. Otic pit
E. Otic vesicle
56. A 2-year-old child has difficulty
eating and drinking. On
examination, there is a lateral
cleft that involves the right upper
lip. This defect is most likely due
to failure in development and
fusion of which of the following?
A. Mandibular prominences and
medial nasal prominences
B. Mandibular prominences and
secondary palate
C. Maxillary prominences and
mandibular prominences
D. Maxillary prominences and
secondary palate
E. Medial nasal prominences and
maxillary prominences
F. Medial nasal prominences and
secondary palate
57. The two superior and two inferior
parathyroid glands are found
adjacent to the posterior aspect
of the thyroid gland. From which
of the following are these
parathyroid glands derived in
embryologic development?
A. Foramen cecum
B. Mandibular swellings
C. Maxillary processes
D. Pharyngeal pouches
E. Thyroglossal duct
58. At 24 weeks gestation, a
developing tooth had multiple
layers of tissue. Which of the
following layers contains a
vascular component?
A. Cementum
B. Dentin
C. Enamel
D. Periodontal ligament
E. Pulp
59. What is the origin of the middle ear
cavity?
A. Pharyngeal arch 1
B. Mesoderm
C. Pharyngeal pouch 1
D. Pharyngeal cleft 1
60. The parathyroid glands
A. Develop from pharyngeal pouch 3
and 4
B. Develop from pharyngeal pouch 2
C. Secretes calcitonin
D. Anatomically, they lie anterior to the
thyroid gland
61. What is the origin of the stapes?
A. Pharyngeal arch 1
B. Pharyngeal arch 2
C. Pharyngeal arch 3
D. Pharyngeal arch 4
62. The sphenoid bone is derived from
which portion of the embryonic
skull?
A. Cartilaginous neurocranium
B. Membranous neurocranium
C. Cartilaginous viscerocranium
D. Membranous viscerocranium
E. Branchial cartilage
63. The hypobranchial eminence
contributes to formation of:
A. Anterior portion of the tongue
B. Posterior portion of the tongue
C. Musculature of the tongue
D. Epiglottis
E. Palatine tonsil
64. The fact that general and sensory
information from the posterior part
of the tongue is carried by
glossopharyngeal nerve indicates
that this part of the tongue is from
branchial arch ___.
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. VI
65. Myoblasts from the occipital
myotomes are believed to give rise
to the muscles of the
A. Eye
B. Face
C. Ear
D. Jaw, for mastication
E. Tongue
66. Which of the following is NOT part
of the 1st pharyngeal arch?
A. Malleus
B. Mandibular process
C. Sphenomandibular ligament
D. Stylohyoid ligament
E. Maxillary process
67. Which structures are derived from
the intermaxillary segment of the
embryonic face?
A. Philtrum
B. Anterior portion of the palate
C. Anterior portion of the upper jaws
D. Upper incisor teeth
E. All of the above
68. The nasolacrimal groove separates
the:
A. Mandibular and maxillary swelling
B. Lateral nasal and maxillary swelling
C. Medial nasal swelling and maxillary
swelling
D. First and second branchial arches
E. Otic and optic vesicles
69. Many facial malformations are
believed to be due to:
A. Failure of the oral membrane to
rupture
B. Failure of neural crest cells to
migrate into the facial processes
C. Failure in growth of the head fold
D. Abnormal persistence of pharyngeal
clefts
70. Each pharyngeal arch includes:
A. Derivatives of ectodermal neural
crest cells
B. A mesodermal core from paraxial
mesoderm
C. An aortic arch artery
D. A cranial nerve
E. All of the above
A. Keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
B. Non-keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Tough connective tissue layer
composed of collagen and elastic
fibers & fibroblasts
E. Pseudostratified columnar non-
ciliated epithelium
F. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
epithelium
G. Simple squamous epithelium
H. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
I. Stratified columnar epithelium
J. Simple cuboidal epithelium
K. Transitional epithelium
For numbers _-_, choose the epithelial
/histological lining of the following
structures:
71. External auditory canal
72. Outer layer of tympanic membrane
73. Middle layer of tympanic membrane
74. Innermost layer of tympanic
membrane
75. Synovial joints of ossicles
76. Nasal vestibule
77. Nasal cavity
78. Nasopharynx
79. Oropharynx
80. Hypopharynx
81. Vocal folds of the larynx
82. FIlliform papillae of the tongue
83. Fungiform papillae of the tongue
84. Circumvallate papillae of the tongue
85. Esophagus
86. Eustachian tube
87. Pharyngeal tonsil
88. Palatine tonsil
89. Lingual tonsil
90. Middle ear cavity
91. Ducts of the salivary glands
 92. Thyroid follicles 34. C
93. Epiglottis 35. A
94. False vocal cords 36. E
95. Supraglottic larynx 37. C
96. True vocal cords 38. B
97. Subglottic larynx 39. E
98. Hard palate 40. C
99. Gingiva 41. D
100. Vermilion border 42. E
43. A
Answers: 44. C
1. C 45. D
2. B 46. A
3. A. III, B. I, C. II, D. IV 47. A
4. A 48. C
5. D 49. A
6. B 50. A
7. B 51. B
8. B 52. B
9. D 53. D
10. B 54. C
11. C 55. B
12. B 56. E
13. B 57. D
14. C 58. E
15. B 59. A
16. B 60. A
17. D 61. B
18. D 62. A
19. C 63. B
20. B 64. C
21. C 65. E
22. A 66. D
23. C 67. E
24. D 68. B
25. C 69. B
26. B 70. E
27. B 71. A
28. B 72. A
29. A 73. D
30. E 74. C
31. C 75. G
32. C 76. A
33. A 77. F
78. . F
79. B
80. B
81. B
82. A
83. B
84. B
85. B
86. F
87. F
88. B
89. B
90. F
91. H or I
92. J
93. B (with modified salivary glands
that secrete thick mucus)
94. F
95. F
96. B (with no/rare submucosal glands)
97. E
98. A
99. A
100. K