b-TEST Version

University/Company:
Project:
Developed by: Jan A. King, W3GEY/VK4GEY

Mission Analyst:

Project Manager:

Initial/Final Orbit Types:

Model Under Investigation:

Model/Case No./Rev No.:

Date Data Last Modified:

Date Worksheets Last Mod.:

 Small Satellite Orbit Modification Calculator Version: 1.2.6
Aquila Space, Inc.
Test Orbit
Approvals:
Enter Name of Mission Analyst:
Jan A. King X

Enter Name of Project Manager:

Michael Bertino

LEO SSO, Hohman Transfer

Typical Orbit Raising Manouvers

Microsatellite System

XYZ-Sat/TBD/1.2

2015 May 1 0
MISSION ANALYSIS
STATUS
2012 March 15
 NOTE:
Mission Analyst

Project Manager

Configuration Control Manager

Brian Cooper

Document Not Released

MISSION ANALYSIS (Released if Cell is Green)
STATUS
NOTE:
Introduction, Instructions for Use, References, Revisions:

Introduction:

This spreadsheet system is an attempt to provide a new kind of learning tool. The Orbit Modification Calculator
of evaluating satellite orbits, orbit transfers and the calculation of the velocity increment (DV) required to perform
two versions of the rocket equation which will calculate the fuel mass required for a given DV or the allowable m
The model makes liberal use of "pop-up" notes and "tools" to enhance the users understanding of how to make
After you use the model for awhile, let me know if I have been successful in making orbit dynamics easier to us
- Jan A. King, W3GEY and VK4GEY; w3gey@amsat.org

Instructions for Use:

Colors: Colors are used in the link model to make it easier to find data and to protect the lin
are interconnected in that equations in one W/S refer forward or back to data located in other worksh
Also, the cells are not yet protected (and may never be) as the system has not yet been finalized. Co
the link model operator's brain, once it has been used for awhile. This has been found by the design
Color is used for both the text and the cell background. Some colors have been picked for large field
Excel cell grid structure showing. Typically, light grey light blue
These colors have been found by our staff psychologist to have a relaxing effect on the operator. No

NOTE: This is a "pop-up" note. You will see a lot of single cells throughout the
your cursor on the cell. You don't need to click. A note will pop up. These are eithe
data or some form of training note. You will find that some notes are somewhat larg
I haven't been entirely successful. The problem with this is that if you scroll to see th
the screen then the note will close. Frustration will ensue. There are two solutions:
100% (the ususal setting) to 75% or 85%. This should allow you to see all of the no
the upper toolbar, "View", "Toolbars", and select the one called "Reviewing". There
Now, you should find a new toolbar up above the text area of Excel. The far left icon
one. But, if you move the curser over the far left icon you will notice the pop-up prom
over the "NOTE:" cell and left click then left click on the same far left icon. This will
the cell in the ON condition. Now, you can move the note around by using the slide
all of the note. It's probably a good idea not to modify the note. You can close the n
somewhere and left clicking. It is suggested that you try this process now with the te
to frustrate you in just such a way as the real notes might do later on.

X.XX This is a data entry cell. The orbit model operator is expected to enter d
data entry cell. It is anticipated that your system's selected value is quite likely to be
received this link model.

X.XX This is also a data entry cell. This type of cell will need to be changed f
proper operation of the calculator.

X.XX This is a cell containing an equation or a constant that should not be ch

majority of the orbit calculator contains this type of cell.

X.XX or X.XX These are cells containing important but, intermed

of importance. The orange color is considered to be a result having slightly more sig

X.XX This is a key "bottom line" result. It is a primary output of a particular W

X or X A few cells use conditional fomatting w

the outcome of the preceeding calculations. Typically a RED box means the result w
A GREEN box means the result did meet or exceed the desired performance. In the
W/S as a means of telling the user wheter the inclination transfer selected is to an in
 X.XX An olive green box is a location where data has been transferred to this
No action need be taken here. It's purpose is only so that the operator is aware tha

Earth The "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S uses an olive green box at Cell [B32]

Speciality W/S vs. Tools: The "Orbited Object" W/S, the "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S
equations that make use of data contained in one or more of the other W/Ss. These worksheets wo
The "Plane Change Transfer" W/S and the "Rocket Equation" W/S and the "SC Propulsion System"
produce results that are automatically linked into the earlier coupled W/Ss, whereas within the first 3

The usefulness of a tool is to be able to explore a specific tradeoff without having to worry about tha
worksheets.

Proceeding Through the Workbook: Starting with the "Title Page" W/S, proceed throug
in sequence. Start next with the "Orbited Object" W/S. Then select the next tab at the bottom of the

Any comments you may have on this model will be greatfully received by me. Thanks!

Jan, VK4GEY.

References: The following references were used to prepare this Orbit Modification Calculator:

1 Trimble, R.H., Orbit Handbook, Lockheed Missile & Space Corp., Dept. 62-90, July 1966, pp 2-7.

2 Agrawal, Brij N., Design of Geosynchronous Spacecraft, Prentice-Hall, 1986, pp 94-95.

3 Wertz, J.R. and Larson, W.J., Space Mission Analysis and Design,Third Edition, Microcosm Press, 1

4 Wertz, J.R. et al., Space Mission Engineering: The New SMAD, Fourth Edition, Microcosm Press, 20

5 Course Notes: Prof. Werner J. Endele and Dr. Maria Evans.

6 Personal Notes, Derivations and Calculations done over the past 35 years.

Revisions: The following formal revisons have been made to this Link Model System:

Version: Date: Adjustments and/or Modifications Made:

1.0 4/6/2007 NEW; a-Test Version
1.1 8/8/2008 Corrected In-Plane Transfer W/S to properly calculate w and M for coupled orbits. P
1.2 12/4/2008 Added Equations for the Calculation of "Nodal Period" in "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W
1.2.1 12/16/2008 Added a parameter for Orbits Completed per Earth Rotation to "In-Plane Orbit Trans
1.2.2 5/2/3009 Edited NOTES: of "Orbited Object" W/S. M must be change only if transfer manouv
1.2.3 12/11/2009 In "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S edited numerator of eq. at line 65 to be length of sid
1.2.4 3/5/2012 In "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S found bug in equations for Time of Next Apogee at
1.2.5 3/15/2012 In "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S found that velocity calculation at Epoch was based
1.2.5 3/15/2012 In "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S, edited eqations on Lines 38 & 39 so times of apog
1.2.6 5/1/2015 Revised slightly for Window 8 Version of Excel; Used Aquila Space is the Example C
 Test Orbit 2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6

e Orbit Modification Calculator was developed to provide a rapid means

ement (DV) required to perform the orbit transfers involved. It also implements
a given DV or the allowable mass of a spacecraft, given a certain DV.
understanding of how to make use of this calculator.
ng orbit dynamics easier to use in your application.

o find data and to protect the link model from crashing. Many of the worksheets
to data located in other worksheets. Loss of this connection could be critical.
m has not yet been finalized. Color can be used to provide "coded" messages to
s has been found by the designer to be fairly effective (at least with his brain).
have been picked for large field areas where it is not so nice to have the
light yellow or white are used this way.
xing effect on the operator. Now let's look at the important uses of color:

of single cells throughout the model that look like this. Using your mouse, place
te will pop up. These are either local instructions on how to enter data or use
some notes are somewhat larger than the screen. I've tried hard to avoid this, but
his is that if you scroll to see the rest of the note and if the yellow cell scrolls off of
sue. There are two solutions: 1) Reduce the scale of the viewing page from
d allow you to see all of the note. 2) Alternatively, using the mouse, select from
ne called "Reviewing". There should now be a checkmark to the left of that option.
area of Excel. The far left icon will say "new comment" if you are making a new
you will notice the pop-up prompt now says "edit cell." Now, move the curser
he same far left icon. This will allow you to edit the cell BUT it will also FREEZE
note around by using the slide bars on the side and bottom of the screen to see
the note. You can close the note by just moving the cursor to an empty cell
try this process now with the test note above at Cell [D23]. It's been set up
ight do later on.

operator is expected to enter data. The bold text means it is a critcal

ected value is quite likely to be different than the default value used in the cell when you

cell will need to be changed for you own application but, entry values are not critical to the

constant that should not be changed. The operator should not modify these cells. A

taining important but, intermediate results. Two colors were used to provide a slight gradation
a result having slightly more significance than the lighter yellow cell.

rimary output of a particular W/S.

ells use conditional fomatting which allow the cell colors to change depending on
a RED box means the result was not successful in achieving the desired performance.
he desired performance. In the Orbit Link Calculator this is only used in the "Plane Chance Transfer"
ion transfer selected is to an inclination greater than or less than the intial orbit inclination.
 ta has been transferred to this worksheet from another and may be transferred to yet another.
that the operator is aware that the data is being transferred from and to other locations.

n olive green box at Cell [B32] to indicate a value has been transferred from the "Orbited Object" W/S .

"In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S and the "Orbit Timing" W/S are all interconnected, in that they all have
W/Ss. These worksheets work together to allow the user to plan an orbit tranfer and its timing.
d the "SC Propulsion System" W/S are considered to be tools. The important distinction is, that tools never
W/Ss, whereas within the first 3 W/Ss there is lots of interlinking going on.

hout having to worry about that data winding up in the In-Plane Transfer

itle Page" W/S, proceed through each Speciality W/S, adding data,
e next tab at the bottom of the W/S, in Sequence.

by me. Thanks!

Orbit Modification Calculator:

t. 62-90, July 1966, pp 2-7.

, 1986, pp 94-95.

rd Edition, Microcosm Press, 1999, pp139-140.

h Edition, Microcosm Press, 2011, Chapter 9

s Link Model System:

w and M for coupled orbits. Provided user comments for using M and w.
" in "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S. Edited all "white out" functions for NEOs.
otation to "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S. Used to calculate ground track repeats.
change only if transfer manouvers are Hohmann.
eq. at line 65 to be length of sidereal day.
ns for Time of Next Apogee at Cells [C40], [F40] and [I40]. "/360" missing.
alculation at Epoch was based on Mean Anomaly not True Anomaly; Added T.A. and fixed dependency
ines 38 & 39 so times of apogee and perigee were based on Mean Anomaly
Aquila Space is the Example Company; Added SMAD-4 Reference
Orbit Modification Calculator Test Orbit 2015 May 1

Object Being Orbited: Object Reference Number Selected: 14

Object: Object Mass: Object Radius: Gravitational Constant ( m
Earth 5.9733E+24 Kg 6378.137 km

Object Type + Name: Ref. No.: Mass: Radius:

Stars:
Sun 1 1.989E+30 Kg 696,265.00 km
Sirius A 2 4.018E+30 Kg 1,191,309.42 km
Castor Aa 3 4.277E+30 Kg 1,601,409.50 km
Pollux 4 7.956E+30 Kg 5,570,120.00 km
Arcturus 5 2.984E+30 Kg 11,070,613.50 km
Rigel A 6 3.381E+31 Kg 48,738,550.00 km
Aldebaran 7 4.973E+30 Kg 26,500,000.00 km
Betelgeuse 8 2.984E+31 Kg 452,572,250.00 km
Antares 9 3.580E+31 Kg 665,000,000.00 km

Planets:
Mecury 12 3.302E+23 Kg 2439 km
Venus 13 4.871E+24 Kg 6052 km
Default: Earth 14 5.973E+24 Kg 6378.137 km
Mars 15 6.421E+23 Kg 3398 km
Jupiter 16 1.900E+27 Kg 71398 km
Saturn 17 5.688E+26 Kg 60330 km
Uranus 18 8.700E+25 Kg 25400 km
Neptune 19 1.030E+26 Kg 24300 km
Dwarf Planet:
Pluto 21 1.250E+22 Kg 1195 km

Moons:
Moon of Earth:
Moon 25 7.349E+22 kg 1738.1 km
Moons of Mars:
Phobos 27 9.600E+15 Kg 14 km
Deimos 28 2.000E+15 Kg 8 km
Moons of Jupiter:
Major: Io 30 8.916E+22 Kg 1816 km
Europa 31 4.873E+22 Kg 1563 km
Ganymede 32 1.490E+23 Kg 2638 km
Callisto 33 1.064E+23 Kg 2410 km
Minor: Metis 34 1.000E+17 Kg 20 km
Adrastea 35 2.000E+16 Kg 13 km
Amalthea 36 7.500E+18 Kg 131 km
Thebe 37 8.000E+17 Kg 55 km
Leda 38 6.000E+15 Kg 5 km
Himalia 39 9.500E+18 Kg 85 km
Lysithea 40 8.000E+16 Kg 12 km
Elara 41 8.000E+13 Kg 40 km
Moons of Saturn:
Major: Mimas 43 3.790E+19 Kg 209 km
Enceladus 44 1.080E+20 Kg 256 km
Tethys 45 6.180E+20 Kg 536 km
Dione 46 1.100E+21 Kg 560 km
 Rhea 47 2.310E+21 Kg 764 km
Titan 48 1.346E+23 Kg 2575 km
Hyperion 49 5.500E+18 Kg 185 km
Iapetus 50 1.810E+21 Kg 718 km
Minor: Pan 51 5.000E+15 Kg 13 km
Atlas 52 2.000E+15 Kg 18.5 km
Prometheus 53 1.900E+17 Kg 74 km
Pandora 54 1.500E+17 Kg 55 km
Epimetheus 55 5.300E+17 Kg 69 km
Janus 56 1.900E+18 Kg 97 km
Calypso 57 4.000E+15 Kg 15 km
Telestro 58 7.000E+15 Kg 15 km
Helene 59 3.000E+16 Kg 18 km
Phoebe 60 8.300E+18 Kg 115 km
Moons of Uranus:
Miranda 62 6.600E+19 Kg 240 km
Ariel 63 1.350E+21 Kg 581 km
Umbriel 64 1.170E+21 Kg 584.7 km
Titania 65 3.520E+21 Kg 788.9 km
Oberon 66 3.010E+21 Kg 761.4 km
Moons of Neptune:
Naiad 68 2.000E+17 Kg 48 km
Thalassa 69 4.000E+17 Kg 54 km
Despina 70 2.000E+18 Kg 90 km
Galatea 71 4.000E+18 Kg 102 km
Larissa 72 5.000E+18 Kg 108 km
Proteus 73 5.000E+19 Kg 220 km
Triton 74 2.140E+22 Kg 1353.4 km
Nereid 75 3.000E+19 Kg 170 km
Moon of Pluto:
Charon 77 1.620E+21 Kg 593 km
2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6

Select Object Here Object Ref. No. 14, The Earth is the Default Value
Gravitational Constant ( m ):
398600.4418 km³/sec²

mx Gravitational Constant:

1.33E+11 km³/sec²
2.68E+11 km³/sec²
2.85E+11 km³/sec²
5.31E+11 km³/sec²
1.99E+11 km³/sec²
2.26E+12 km³/sec²
3.32E+11 km³/sec²
1.99E+12 km³/sec²
2.39E+12 km³/sec²

2.20E+04 km³/sec²
3.25E+05 km³/sec²
me = 3.9860044E+05 km³/sec²
4.29E+04 km³/sec²
1.27E+08 km³/sec²
3.80E+07 km³/sec²
5.81E+06 km³/sec²
6.87E+06 km³/sec²

8.34E+02 km³/sec²

4.90E+03 km³/sec²

6.41E-04 km³/sec²
km³/sec²

5.95E+03 km³/sec²
3.25E+03 km³/sec²
9.94E+03 km³/sec²
7.10E+03 km³/sec²
6.67E-03 km³/sec²
1.33E-03 km³/sec²
5.01E-01 km³/sec²
5.34E-02 km³/sec²
4.00E-04 km³/sec²
6.34E-01 km³/sec²
5.34E-03 km³/sec²
5.34E-06 km³/sec²

2.53E+00 km³/sec²
7.21E+00 km³/sec²
4.12E+01 km³/sec²
7.34E+01 km³/sec²
1.54E+02 km³/sec²
8.98E+03 km³/sec²
3.67E-01 km³/sec²
1.21E+02 km³/sec²
3.34E-04 km³/sec²
1.33E-04 km³/sec²
1.27E-02 km³/sec²
1.00E-02 km³/sec²
3.54E-02 km³/sec²
1.27E-01 km³/sec²
2.67E-04 km³/sec²
4.67E-04 km³/sec²
2.00E-03 km³/sec²
5.54E-01 km³/sec²

4.40E+00 km³/sec²
9.01E+01 km³/sec²
7.81E+01 km³/sec²
2.35E+02 km³/sec²
2.01E+02 km³/sec²

1.33E-02 km³/sec²
2.67E-02 km³/sec²
1.33E-01 km³/sec²
2.67E-01 km³/sec²
3.34E-01 km³/sec²
3.34E+00 km³/sec²
1.43E+03 km³/sec²
2.00E+00 km³/sec²

1.08E+02 km³/sec²
Orbit Modification Calculator
In-Plane Orbit Transfer NOTE:
Orbit #3
Test Orbit
2015 May 1
Version: 1.2.6

Orbit #2

Burn #2
Orbit #1

Thrust Vector Direction:

Going Up (Increasing Altitude):
(Orbit #1 -> Orbit #2 -> Orbit #3)
Going Down (Decreasing Altitude):
(Orbit #3 -> Orbit #2 -> Orbit #1)

Day of Year Hour Minute Second

Time of Epoch for Orbit #1 80 0 0 0.000
(Earth UTC Reference)
Object Ref. No.: 14
Orbiting: Earth

Time of Epoch for Orbit #1: 80.000000 days ORBITS #1 & #2 COUPLED?

Parameter: Symbol: ORBIT #1: ORBIT #2:

Time of Next Apogee ta = 80.0335935 days 80
Time of Next Perigee tp = 80.0671869 days 80.03377401
600.00
Height of perigee (periapsis) hp = 600.00 km 600.00
Radius of perigee(periapsis) rp = 6978.137 km 6978.137
Height of apogee (apoapsis) ha = 600.00 km 650.00
Radius of apogee (apoapsis) ra = 6978.137 km 7028.137
Semi-major axis a= 6978.137 km 7003.137
Radius at Epoch r= 6978.137 km 7028.137
Eccentricity e= 0.0000000 At Burn #1 0.0035698
Inclination i= 97.7900 ° 97.7900
Argument of perigee (periapsis) w= 0.000 ° 180.000
RAAN W= 0.000 °
! 0.000
True Anomaly n= 0.000 ° NOTE: 180.00000
Eccentric Anomaly E= 0.0000 ° 180.0000
Mean Anomaly M= 0.0000 ° 180.0000
Orbit Period (Keplarian) [in seconds] tK = 5801.232 sec/rev 5832.435
[in minutes] 96.68720 min 97.20725
 [in hours] 1.61145 hour(s) 1.62012
Useful Earth Orbit Parameters:
Longitudinal increment Dl = 24.172 °/orbit 24.302
Mean motion n= 14.88384 rev/day 14.80428
Sun Synchronous Inclination iss = 97.79 ° 97.89
Derivatives of Motion: .
Argument of perigee (periapsis) w.. = -3.3015 °/day -3.2605
RAAN W= 0.9855 °/day 0.9733
Mean Anomaly M= -3.4365 °/day -3.3938
Orbit Anomalistic Period ta = 5797.6596 sec/rev 5828.8692
Orbit Nodal Period tW = 5808.5361 sec/rev 5839.7264
Nodal Orbits Per One Earth Rotation 1436.068/tW= 14.8340 rev/rotation 14.7548
Velocities:

Velocity at Perigee (Periapsis) Vp = 7557.865 m/sec 7571.343

Velocity at Apogee (Apoapsis) Va = 7557.865 m/sec 7517.479

Velocity at Epoch V = 7557.865 m/sec 7517.479

Velocity Increment of Burn DV = Vp2 - Va1 = Burn #1: 13.478 m/s

Total Velocity Increment SDV = Burn #1+#2:

 Burn #1

ORBITS #1 & #2 COUPLED? Yes ORBITS #2 & #3 COUPLED? Yes

ORBIT #2: ORBIT #3:

days 80.033954868 days
days 80.067909735 days Earth Orbit Only
km 626.65 km
km 650.00 km
km 7028.137 km
km 650.00 km
km 7028.137 km
km 7028.137 km
km 7028.137 km
At Burn #2 0.000000
° 97.790 ° Classical Keplerian Orbital Elements
° 0.000 °
° ! 0.000 °
(a, e, i, w, W, M); n -> E -> M

° NOTE: 0.00000 °
° 0.0000 ° NOTE:
° 0.00000 °
sec/rev 5863.694 sec/rev
min 97.72824 min
hour(s) 1.6288 hour(s)

°/orbit 24.432 °/orbit

rev/day 14.72543 rev/day
° 97.99 °
Earth Orbit Only
°/day -3.2200 °/day
°/day 0.9612 °/day
°/day -3.3516 °/day
sec/rev 5860.1347 sec/rev
sec/rev 5870.9722 sec/rev
rev/rotation 14.6763 rev/rotation

m/sec 7530.933 m/sec

m/sec 7530.933 m/sec

m/sec 7530.933 m/sec

Vp3 - Va2= Burn #2: 13.454 m/s

26.932 m/s
Orbit Modification Calculator NOTE: Test Orbit
In-Plane Orbit Transfer Timing
Forward/Reverse Orbit Propagation: [NOTE: Valid for Earth Orbit Only]

day of year hour minute second current orbit numb

Current UTC Time of Epoch 80 0 0 0.000
for Orbits #1, #2, #3:
(See "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S; Cell [B29]) 80.0000000 days

day of year hour minute second

UTC Time of Desired Future/Past Epoch 121 17 22 43.610
for Orbits #1, #2, #3:
121.7241159 days

(Forward = "+"; Reverse = "-") 41.724115856 day(s) OR = 1001.3788 hour(s)

Forward/Reverse Propagation Time: days hours minutes seconds
41 17 22 43.610
41 17.378781 22.726833 43.610
17 22

Orbital Elements at Desired Future/Past Epoch:

ORBIT #1:

Semi-Major Axis: a= 6978.137 km

Eccentricity: e= 0

Inclination: i= 97.7900 °

Argument of Perigee: w= -137.7522 °

Right Ascension of Ascending Nodes: W= 41.119833 °

Mean Anomaly: M= 5.4799 °

Orbit Number: N= 1453

Orbital Motion Since Time of Epoch: 621.0152 revs

Apoapsis and Periapsis Timing: [NOTE: Valid for All Objects]

Current UTC Time of Epoch day of year hour minute second current orbit numb
for Orbits #1, #2 and #3: 80 0 0 0.000
See "In-Plane Orbit Transfer" W/S;
Cell [B29] 80.0000000 days

Current Mean Anomaly: 0.000 °

 Orbit #1:
day of year hour minute second
80 0 48 20.616
0.8057266 48.343598
Date/Time of Next Apoapsis:
(from Time of Epoch)
80.033571943 days

day(s) hours minutes seconds

0 0 48 20.616
0.0335719432 0.8057266 48.343598
Time Duration Until Next Apoapsis:
(from Time of Epoch)
48.34360 minutes

day of year hour minute second

80 6 26 44.927
6.4458131 26.748786
Date/Time of Next Periapsis:
(from Time of Epoch)
80.268575546 days

day(s) hours minutes seconds

0 1 36 41.232
0.0671438864 1.6114533 36.687196
Time Duration Until Next Periapsis:
(from Time of Epoch)
96.68720 minutes
 2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6

current orbit number:

832 Set Current Orbit Number Here

Set Desired Epoch Here

OR = 60082.727 minute(s) OR = 3604963.6 second(s)

ORBIT #2: ORBIT #3:

7003.137 km 7028.137 km

0.0035698 0

97.7900 ° 97.790 °

43.957751 ° -134.3526 °

40.609389 ° 40.105026 °

70.427 ° 145.985 °

1450 1446

618.1956 revs 614.40551 revs

NOTE:

current orbit number:

832

180.000 ° 0.000 °
 Orbit #2: Orbit #3:
day of year hour minute second day of year hour minute second
80 0 48 36.218 80 0 48 51.847
0.8100604 48.60363 0.814402 48.86412

80.033753 days 80.0339334 days

day(s) hours minutes seconds day(s) hours minutes seconds

0 0 48 36.218 0 0 48 51.847
0.0337525 0.8100604 48.60363 0.03393342 0.814402 48.86412

48.604 minutes 48.864 minutes

day of year hour minute second day of year hour minute second
80 3 14 24.870 80 6 30 54.777
3.2402417 14.4145 6.515216 30.91294

80.13501 days 80.2714673 days

day(s) hours minutes seconds day(s) hours minutes seconds

0 0 48 36.218 0 1 37 43.694
0.0337525 0.8100604 48.60363 0.06786683 1.628804 37.72824

48.6036 minutes 97.7282 minutes

Orbit Modification Calculator Test Orbit
Plane Change Orbit Transfer Figure 1: Use if
NOTE:
2 2
ΔV =[ V i + V f −2 V i V f cos Δi ]
1/ 2 Vf Final Orbit Velocity
¿ ¿ ¿¿ ¿ ¿
(at Apogee)

Vi Initial Orbit Velocity

(at Apogee)
Di

Equator ii

ii = Initial Orbit Inclination

if = Final Orbit Inclination

q = Firing Angle w.r.t. Initial Orbit Plane

j = Firing Angle w.r.t. Equator

Parameter: Symbol: Value: Units:

Initial Orbit Velocity at Apogee or Perigee Vi = 7557.87 m/sec
Initial Orbit Inclination ii = 95.00 °
Final Orbit Velocity at Apogee or Perigee Vf = 7557.87 m/sec
Final Orbit Inclination if = 98.79 °
Orbit Transfer Inclination Change Di = 3.79 °

Orbit Transfer Velocity Increment DV = 499.847 m/s

If Initial Orbit Inclination > Final Orbit Inclination (See Figure 1): NO
a
Firing Angle w.r.t. Initial Orbit Plane q= -91.894 ° 88.104
88.104
Firing Angle w.r.t. Equatorial Plane j= 3.106 °

If Initial Orbit Inclination < Final Orbit Inclination (See Figure 2): YES
a
Firing Angle w.r.t. Initial Orbit Plane q= 91.894 ° 88.106
88.106
Firing Angle w.r.t. Equatorial Plane j= 186.894 °
 2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6
Figure 1: Use if ii > if
Figure 2: Use if

Vf Final Orbit Velocity

(at Apogee)
q
b
Vi Initial Orbit Velocity
DV (at Apogee)
a Di

if if ii

j
rbit Inclination

rbit Inclination

ngle w.r.t. Initial Orbit Plane

ngle w.r.t. Equator

b
° 88.106 °

b g
° 88.104 ° -6.894 °
Figure 2: Use if ii < if

DV
b

q
a

ii j
g
Orbit Modification Calculator: Using the Rocket Equation NOTE:
Calculating DV, Given Propellant Mass, Spacecraft Mass and Propellant Specific Impulse

mtotal mtotal = (mass of spacecraft ["dry mass"] + mass of fuel)

ΔV =go I sp ln { }
mtotal −m fuel
Parameter: Symbol: Value: Unit:

Spacecraft Dry Mass ms/c = 72.50 Kg

Spacecraft Useful (Expendable) Fuel Mass mfuel = 1.86 Kg

Spacecraft Total Mass (Wet Mass): mtotal = 74.36 Kg

Propellant Mass Fraction: mfuel/mtotal = 2.50%

Rocket Motor Effective Specific Impulse Isp = 305.00 sec

Achievable Velocity Increment DV = 75.768 m/sec

Motor Average Thrust (during burn time) F = 100.00 N

.
Mass Flow Rate m = 0.0334333 Kg/sec

Motor Total Burn Time at Constant Thrust tburn = 55.63 sec

Total Impulse Available: IT = 5,563 N-sec

Calculating the Critical Mass (Maximum Allowable Mission Mass), Given Required DV and Rock

ΔV / ge I sp
m c= m fuel
( e
e
ΔV / g e I sp
−1 )
Parameter: Symbol: Value: Unit:

Spacecraft Useful (Expendable) Fuel Mass mfuel = 4.61 Kg

Rocket Motor Effective Specific Impulse Isp = 650.0 sec

Mission Required Total DV DV = 450.00 m/sec

Mission Critical Mass mc = 67.63 Kg

Spacecraft Maxium Dry Mass ms/c = 63.02 Kg

Motor Average Thrust (during burn) F = 0.01 N

 .
Mass Flow Rate m = 0.0000016 Kg/sec

Motor Total Burn Time at Constant Thrust tburn = 2938562.67 sec

Total Impulse Available IT = 29,386 N-sec

 Test Orbit 2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6
ecific Impulse

y mass"] + mass of fuel) º "wet mass"

equired DV and Rocket Motor Isp

mc = Critical Mass º Combined Mass of Spacecraft +

Mass of Fuel that Can Achieve the Desired Modified Orbit
by Meeting Mission DV Requirements.
MONOPROPELLANT SYSTEM:

UNDER CONSTRUCTION:
BIPROPELLANT SYSTEM
Constants Test Orbit 2015 May 1
Parameter: Accepted Value: Units:

Universal Gravitational Constant 6.67420E-11 m³/Kg-sec²

6.67420E-20 km³Kg-sec²

Earth Equatorial Radius 6378.137 km

Earth Polar Radius 6356.8 km

J2 0.00108263

Earth Gravitational Acceleration 9.80665 m/sec²

2015 May 1 Version: 1.2.6