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Analysis and Design of “One Way” Slabs

 In reinforced concrete construction, slabs are used to flat, useful surfaces.
 A reinforced slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly
so. Analysis and Design o
 It may be supported by reinforced concrete beams (and is usually cast monolithically with such beams),
by masonry or by reinforced concrete walls, by steel structural members, directly by columns, or
continuously by ground.

One-Way Slab
“The slab which resists the entire/major part of applied load by bending only in one direction”

 If slab is supported on all four sides and R = (Shorter side / Longer side) < 0.5 it behaves as one-way
slab. Analysis and Design of Slabs
 Slabs having supports on less than four sides can be designed as one-way.
 Two edge supported slab is always one-way.
 Cantilever slab is always one-way.
 Main steel is only provided parallel to span
 One-way slab is designed as singly reinforced rectangular section.
 h(min) for the slab is different compared with the beams.
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L = Effective Span
Lesser of the following:
L= Ln + h/2 + h/2
= Ln + h
h = depth of slab and
L = c/c distance between supports.
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Examples of One-Way Slab

 Shades in the roofing system (cantilever)
 Slab of stairs
 Cantilever retaining walls
 Footings Analysis and Design of Slabs

Bar Spacing Cover For Slabs

1. 3xh (local practice is 2 x h)
2. 450 mm (local practice is 300 mm)
3. (158300/fy) -2.5Cc
4. 12600/fy
Cc = Clear Cover

Analysis and Design of Slabs

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Distribution, Temperature & Shrinkage Steel for Slabs (ACI-

318-7.12)
 Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is required at right angle to main reinforcement to minimize
cracking and to tie the structure together to ensure its acting as assumed in design
 Top and bottom reinforcements are both effective in controlling the cracks
s(max) shall be lesser of following Analysis and Design of Slabs
1. 5xh (field practice is 2 x h)
2. 450 mm (field practice is 2 x h)
Minimum Steel For Slabs
Same as the distribution steel Anal
ysis and Design of Slabs
Design Procedure for One-Way Slab
1. Check whether the slab is one-way or two-way.
2. Calculate hmin and round it to higher 10mm multiple.
i.Not less than 110 mm for rooms
ii.Not less than 75 mm for sunshades.
3. Calculate dead load acting on the slab.
Dead Load = Load per unit area x 1m width.
4. Calculate live load acting on the slab.
Live load = Load per unit area x 1m width.
5. Calculate total factored load per unit strip (kN/m)
6. Calculate the moments either directly (simply supported) or by using coefficient for continuous slabs
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7. Calculate effective depth. Analysis and Design of Slabs

d = h – (20 + (½)db)
db = 10, 13, 15 generally used
8. Check that d ≥ dmin
9. Calculate As required for 1m width
10. Calculate minimum/distribution/temperature & shrinkage steel
11. Select diameter and spacing for main steel Analysis and Design of Slabs
12. Check the spacing for max. and min. spacing smin ≈ 90mm
if spacing is less than minimum increase the diameter of bar
13. For continuous slabs, curtail or bent up the +ve steel. For -ve steel see how much steel is already
available. Provide remaining amount of steel.
14. Calculate the amount of distribution steel. Decide its dia. & spacing like main steel.
15. Check the slab for shear.
ΦvVc ≥ Vu Analysis and Design of Slabs
16. Carry out detailing and show results on the drawings
17. Prepare bar bending schedule, if required

Approximate Steel for Estimate

Approximate amount of steel in slab
= 0.07 kg/mm/m2
If slab thickness = 100 mm
steel = 0.07 x 100 = 7kg /m2
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Example
Design a cantilever projecting out from a room slab extending 1.0m and to be used as balcony (LL = 300
kg/m2). A brick wall of 250 mm thickness including plaster of 1.0m height is provided at the end of cantilever
fc’ = 17.25 MPa, fy = 300 MPa, Slab thickness of room = 125 mm. Slab bottom steel in the direction of
cantilever is # 13 @ 190 mm c/c. Analysis and Design of Slabs
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Solution
Slab Load
Self Weight of Slab = (125/1000)*2400 = 300kg/m2
75 mm brick ballast/ screed = (75/1000)*1800 = 135kg/m2
60 mm floor finishes = (60/1000)*2300 = 138kg/m2
Total dead load = 300+135+138 = 573kg/m2
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Live Load = 300kg/m2 Analysis and Design of Slabs

Factored Load = (1.2×573+1.6×300)x9.81/1000
= 11.46 KN/m2 = 11.46KN/m for a unit strip
P = 1.2x(0.25x1x1)x1930x9.81/1000
P = 5.65 KN

s
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PP

Remaining steel required at the top = 510-342 168mm2 (#10@400 c/c)

use #10 @ 380mm c/c

Distribution steel Analysis and Design of Slabs

=0.002x1000x125=250mm2 use # 10 @ 280mm c/c Ana
and Design of Slabs