TUGAS PENGENALAN METALURGI DAN MATERIAL(PMM)

Disusun oleh :

KELOMPOK 8

Tsalits Muhamad Satrul Uyub (3334190088)

Edo Aprianto (3334190089)

Adjie Pradana (3334190090)

Muhammad Imam Prasetyo (3334190091)

Triayu Yunitasari (3334190092)

JURUSAN TEKNIK METALURGI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA

BANTEN

2019
11.19 In your own words describe the following heat treatment procedures for steels and, for
each, the

intended final microstructure:

a) full annealing
b) normalizing
c) quenching
d) tempering.

Answer

a) Full annealing = Heat to about 50°C above the A3 line, Figure 11.10 (if the concentration
of carbon is less than the eutectoid) or above the A1 line (if the concentration of carbon is
greater than the eutectoid) until the alloy comes to equilibrium; then furnace cool to
roomtemperature. The final microstructure is coarse pearlite.
b) Normalizing = Heat to at least 55°C above the A3 line Figure 11.10 (if the concentration
of carbon is less than the eutectoid) or above the Acm line (if the concentration of carbon
is greater than the eutectoid) until the alloy completely transforms to austenite, then cool
in air. The final microstructure is fine pearlite.
c) Quenching = Heat to a temperature within the austenite phase region and allow the
specimen to fully austenitize, then quench to roomtemperature in oil or water. The final
microstructure is martensite.
d) Tempering = Heat a quenched (martensitic) specimen, to a temperature between 450 and
650°C, for the time necessary to achieve the desired hardness. The final microstructure is
tempered martensite.

11.21 Give the approximate minimum temperature at which it is desirable to heat each of
the following iron–carbon alloys during a full anneal heat treatment:

(a) 0.15 wt% C,

(b) 0.50 wt% C
(c) 1.10 wt% C.
Answer
(a) For 0.15 wt% C, heat to at least 915°C (1680°F) since the A3 temperature is 860°C (1580°F).

(b) For 0.50 wt% C, heat to at least 825°C (1520°F) since the A3 temperature is 770°C (1420°F).

(c) For 1.10 wt% C, heat to at least 900°C (1655°F) since the Acm temperature is 845°C (1555°F).
11.25 What influence does the presence of alloying elements (other than carbon) have on the
shape of a hardenability curve? Briefly explain this effect.
Answer

The presence of alloying elements (other than carbon) causes a much more gradual decrease in
hardness with position from the quenched end for a hardenability curve. The reason for this
effect is that alloying elements retard the formation of pearlitic and bainitic structures which are
not as hard as martensite.

11.31 What is the principal difference between natural and artificial aging processes?

Answer

For precipitation hardening, natural aging is allowing the precipitation process to occur at the
ambient temperature; artificial aging is carried out at an elevated temperature.