ENGINEERING

SOLID
MECHANICS
Fundamentals and Applications

Abdel-Rahman Ragab
Salah Eldin Bayoumi

CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Contents
Chapter 1 Analysis of Stress
1.1 Rigid and Deformable Bodies ...1
1.2 Body Forces and Surface Tractions 1
1.3 Concept of Stress and Strain 2
1.4 The State of Stress at a Point 2
1.5 Cartesian Stress Components 6
1.6 Some Special States of Stress 8
1.6.1 Plane Stress 8
1.6.2 Plane Strain 9
1.6.3 Axial Symmetry 9
1.6.4 Free Torsion 9
1.7 Stress Equations of Equilibrium 9
1.7.1 Cartesian Coordinates 10
1.7.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates 14
1.7.3 Spherical Polar Coordinates 17
1.7.4 Curvilinear Coordinates 18
1.8 Stress Transformation Law 21
1.9 Plane Stress Transformation — Mohr's Circle of Stress 27
1.10 Principal Stresses 29
1.11 Maximum Shear Stresses 34
1.12 Octahedral Shear Stress — Pure Shear 38
1.13 Mean (Hydrostatic) Stress and Deviatoric Stresses 39
1.14 A Note on the Stress Equations 41
Problems 41
References 48

Chapter 2 Analysis of Strain

2.1 Infinitesimal Strains 49
2.1.1 Normal Strain 49
2.1.2 Shear Strain 50
2.1.3 Volumetric Strain 52
2.2 Infinitesimal Strain-Displacement Relations 54
2.2.1 Cartesian Coordinates 54
2.2.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates 59
2.2.3 Spherical Polar Coordinates 61
2.3 Strain Compatibility Conditions 62
2.3.1 Cartesian Coordinates 62
2.3.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates 64
2.3.3 Spherical Polar Coordinates 65
2.4 Strain Tensor 67
2.5 Some Special States of Strain 71
2.5.1 Plane Strain 72
2.5.2 Plane Stress 72
2.5.3 Axial Symmetry 72
 2.5.4 Free Torsion 72
2.6 Principal Strains — Maximum and Octahedral Shear Strains 74
2.7 Mean Strain Dilatation and Strain Deviations 76
2.8 Mohr's Circle of Strain 78
2.9 Strain Gauge Rosettes 80
2.10 Notes on Finite Strains 82
2.11 Strain Rate-Velocity Relations 87
Problems 90
References 99

Chapter 3 Elastic Stress-Strain Relations

3.1 Introduction 101
3.2 Basic Assumptions: Elasticity, Homogeneity, and Isotropy 101
3.2.1 Elasticity 101
3.2.2 Homogeneity 102
3.2.3 Isotropy 103
3.3 Hooke's Law for Homogeneous Isotropic Materials 103
3.3.1 Simple Loading 103
3.3.2 Triaxial Loading 104
3.4 Relations Among the Elastic Constants 108
3.5 Inverse Form of Hooke's Law 110
3.6 Dilatation and Distortion 112
3.7 Thermoelastic Stress-Strain Relations 114
3.8 Strain Energy for an Elastic Isotropic Solid 116
3.9 Strain Energy for a Solid Obeying Hooke's Law 122
3.10 Some Elastic Energy Theorems 128
3.10.1 Principle of Work 128
3.10.2 Principle of Virtual Work 129
3.10.3 Principle of Stationary Potential Energy 131
3.10.4 Castigliano's Theorems 132
3.11 Generalized Hooke's Law 135
3.11.1 Anisotropic Elasticity 135
3.11.2 Application to Fiber-Reinforced Composites 140
3.12 Note on Composite Elastic Constants 146
3.13 Stress-Strain Relations for Large Elastic Deformation 146
Problems 150
References 154

Chapter 4 Solution of the Elastic Problem

4.1 The Elastic Problem 155
4.2 Boundary Conditions 156
4.3 Saint-Venant's Principle 159
4.4 Uniqueness and Semi-Inverse Method of Elastic Solution 160
4.5 Example of Solution in Terms of Stress: Pressurized Thick-Walled Sphere 161
4.6 The Elastic Plane Problem •. 164
4.6.1 Plane Strain Formulation 165
4.6.2 Plane Stress Formulation 167
4.6.3 Deduction of Plane Stress Equations from Plane Strain Equations 169
4.7 Stress Function Formulation for Plane Elastic Problems 170
4.8 Governing Equations in Terms of a Stress Function in Cartesian Coordinates 171
 4.8.1 Plane Strain 171
4.8.2 Plane Stress 174
4.8.3 Thermoelastic Plane Problem 174
4.8.3.1 Thermoelastic Plane Strain 174
4.8.3.2 Thermoelastic Plane Stress 175
4.8.4 Finding a Stress Function in Cartesian Coordinates 182
4.9 Governing Equations in Terms of a Stress Function in Polar Coordinates 183
4.9.1 Plane Strain 183
4.9.2 • Plane Stress 185
4.9.3 Axisymmetric Plane Problems 187
4.9.3.1 Axisymmetric Problems without Body Forces 187
4.9.3.2 Axisymmetric Problems with Centrifugal Body Forces 189
4.9.3.3 Axisymmetric Problems with Radial Temperature Gradient 191
4.9.4 A Note on Finding a Stress Function in Polar Coordinates 195
4.10 A Glossary of Stress Functions for Some Plane Problems 195
4.10.1 Cartesian Coordinates 195
4.10.2 Polar Coordinates 197
Problems 200
References 203

Chapter 5 Elastic Plane Problems in Cartesian Coordinates

5.1 Introduction 205
5.2 Problems Solved in Terms of Algebraic Polynomials 205
5.2.1 Retaining Wall Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure 209
5.2.2 Simply Supported Beam under Uniformly Distributed Load 213
5.2.3 Cantilever Beam Subjected to an End Load 220
5.2.3.1 Stresses ; : 220
5.2.3.2 Displacements 222
5.3 Problems Solved in Terms of Trigonometric Stress Functions 229
5.3.1 Simply Supported Beam under Laterally Distributed Sinusoidal Load on
Both Sides ; 230
5.3.2 Simply Supported Beam under Two Equal Lateral Loads at the Middle
of the Span 232
5.3.3 Bar subjected to Two Equal and Opposite Axial Loads 233
5.4 A Note on Some Other Forms of Stress Functions 234
Problems 237
References 241

Chapter 6 Elastic Plane Problems in Polar Coordinates

6.1 Introduction 243
6.2 Axisymmetric Problems 243
6.2.1 Thick-Walled Cylinder Subjected to Uniform Internal and/or
External Pressure 243
6.2.1.1 Cylinder Subjected to Internal Pressure Only 246
6.2.1.2 Cylinder Subjected to External Pressure Only 247
6.2.2 Thick-Walled Cylinder Subjected to Steady-State Radial
Thermal Gradient 250
6.2.2.1 Plane Strain 250
6.2.2.2 Plane Stress 253
6.2.2.3 Other End Conditions 254
 6.2.3 Cylinder Compounding by Shrink Fit 255
6.2.4 Rotating Disk of Uniform Thickness 262
6.2.4.1 Annular Rotating Disk of Constant Thickness 262
6.2.4.2 Solid Rotating Disk of Constant Thickness 264
6.2.5 Rotating Solid Disk of Uniform Strength (De Laval Disk) 266
6.2.6 Rotating Drums and Rotors 269
6.2.7 Rotating Disks and Rotors Subjected to Radial Thermal Gradients 270
6.3 Axially Nonsymmetric Problems 273
6.3.1 Bending of a Circularly Curved Beam 274
6.3.1.1 Beam Subjected to an End Shearing Force 274
6.3.1.2 Beam Subjected to Pure Bending 280
6.3.1.3 Beam Subjected to an End Moment and a Normal Force 282
6.3.1.4 Beam Subjected to an Inclined End Force 282
6.3.2 Thermal Stresses in Curved Beams 283
6.3.3 Wedge Subjected to a Concentrated Load at its Vertex 286
6.3.3.1 Force Acting Along a Wedge Axis 286
6.3.3.2 Force Perpendicular to the Wedge Axis 289
6.3.3.3 Force Inclined to the Wedge Axis 290
6.3.3.4 Bending Moment Acting at the Vertex 292
6.3.4 Concentrated Line Load Acting on the Edge of a Straight Boundary 295
6.3.4.1 Force Acting Normal to the Boundary 295
6.3.4.2 Force Acting Along the Boundary 296
6.3.4.3 Force Acting Inclined to the Boundary 297
6.3.5 Uniformly Distributed Line Load Acting on the Edge of a
Straight Boundary 297
6.3.6 Circular Solid Disk Subjected to Two Equal and Opposite
Diametral Loads 299
6.3.7 Concentrated Load Acting on a Rectangular Beam 301
6.4 Stresses Concentration Around a Small Circular Hole 303
Problems 311
References 318

Chapter 7 Elastic Rods Subjected to General Loading

7.1 Introduction 319
7.2 Stress Resultants 319
7.2.1 Note on Sign Convention for Stress Resultants 321
7.3 Bending of Rods 322
7.3.1 Bending Stresses 322
7.3.2 Elastic Curve in Bending 326
7.3.3 Bending of Curved Beams..... 330
7.3.3.1 Determination of the Location of the Neutral Axis 334
7.3.3.2 Approximate Determination of the Neutral Axis 336
7.3.3.3 Maximum Stresses 337
7.3.3.4 Bending of a Curved Beam by Lateral Forces Acting in the
Plane of Its Axis 337
7.3.3.5 Strain Energy in Curved Beams 338
7.3.3.6 Comparison with Exact and Other Solutions 339
7.3.4 Thermoelastic Bending of Straight Bars 341
7.4 Shear Stresses in Rods 345
7.4.1 Rectangular Solid Section 347
 7.4.2 Circular Solid Section 349
7.4.3 Thin-Walled Open Sections 352
7.4.3.1 Shear Center 355
7.4.4 Thin-Walled Closed Sections 357
7.5 Torsion of Bars 359
7.5.1 Saint-Venant's Free Torsion 360
7.5.2 Solid Circular Section 363
7.5.3 Solid Elliptical Section 365
7.5.4 Solid Rectangular Section 366
7.5.5 Thin-Walled Open Sections 368
7.5.6 Thin-Walled Closed Sections 370
7.5.7 Effect of Internal Stiffening Webs 372
7.5.8 Effect of End Constraint 373
7.5.8.1 Solid Sections 374
7.5.8.2 Thin-Walled Sections 375
7.6 Displacements in Rods — Energy Approach 376
7.6.1 Application of Castigliano's Theorem 376
7.6.2 Mohr's Unit Load Method 384
7.6.3 A Note on the Deflection of Curved Beams 387
7.6.4 Application to Springs 391
7.6.4.1 Helical Compression Spring 391
7.6.4.2 Spiral Helical Compression Spring 393
7.6.4.3 Flat Compression Spring 394
7.6.4.4 Flat Torsion Spring 395
7.7 Buckling of Rods 398
7.7.1 Buckling of Columns 398
7.7.1.1 Equilibrium Approach 398
7.7.1.2 Minimum Potential Energy Solution: Rayleigh-Ritz Method 403
7.7.2 Beam-Columns 410
7.7.3 Lateral Buckling of Beams 412
7.8 Beams on Elastic Foundation 415
7.8.1 Infinitely Long Beams 416
7.8.1.1 Concentrated Force 416
7.8.1.2 Concentrated Moment 418
7.8.1.3 Uniform Load 420
7.8.2 Semi-Infinite Beams 422
7.8.3 Short Beams 425
Problems 425
References 439

Chapter 8 Some Problems of Elastic Plates and Shells

8.1 Introduction 441
8.2 State of Stress in Plates and Shells 441
8.3 Plate Equations in Cartesian Coordinates 442
8.3.1 Deformation Pattern ? 442
8.3.2 Stress Resultants 444
8.3.3 Equations of Equilibrium 445
8.3.4 Method of Solution: Pure Bending of a Plate 448
8.3.5 Effect of Thermal Gradient Throughout Plate Thickness 449
8.3.5.1 A Plate with Free Edges 449
8.3.5.2 A Plate with Clamped Edges 450
 8.3.5.3 A Plate with Simply Supported Edges 451
8.4 Bending of Rectangular Plates — Energy Approach 452
8.4.1 Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate Simply Supported Along Its
Four Edges ..r. 452
8.4.2 Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate Clamped Along Its Four Edges 458
8.4.3 An Approximate Strip Method for Rectangular Plates 465
8.5 Axisymmetric Bending of Flat, Circular Plates 466
8.5.1 Solid Circular Plates 468
8.5.1.1 Simply Supported Plate Subjected to Uniform Pressure 468
8.5.1.2 Ail-Around Clamped Plate Subjected to Uniform Pressure 469
8.5.1.3 All-Around Clamped Plate Subjected to a Concentrated
Force at the Center 472
8.5.1.4 Simply Supported Plate Subjected to a Concentrated
Force at the Center 474
8.5.2 Annular Circular Plates 475
8.5.2.1 Simply Supported Annular Plate Subjected to Edge Moments 475
8.5.2.2 Simply Supported Annular Circular Plate Subjected to a Shearing
Force at the Inner Edge 477
8.5.3 Other Loadings and Edge Conditions 478
8.5.4 Thermal Stresses in Circular Plates 479
8.5.4.1 Temperature Gradient Across the Thickness of a Disk with
Free Edges 479
8.5.4.2 Temperature Gradient Across the Thickness of a Disk with
Ail-Around Clamped Edges 480
8.5.4.3 Axisymmetric Radial Temperature Gradient 480
8.5.5 Comments on the Deflection of Circular Plates 482
8.5.5.1 Deflection Due to Shear 482
8.5.5.2 Large Deflection 483
8.6 Membrane Stresses in Axisymmetric Shells 486
8.6.1 Axisymmetric Shells Subjected to Uniform Pressure 486
8.6.2 Applications to Pressurized Containers 490
8.6.2.1 Spherical Shell 490
8.6.2.2 Circular Cylindrical Shell 491
8.6.2.3 Conical Shell 491
8.6.2.4 Toroidal Shell 492
8.6.3 Displacement in Axisymmetric Shells 493
8.6.4 Axisymmetric Shells Subjected to Gravity Loading 499
8.6.4.1 Hemispherical Liquid Container Freely Supported at
Its Top Edge 499
8.6.4.2 Conical Liquid Container Freely Supported at Its Top Edge 500
8.6.4.3 Spherical Container on a Skirt Support 504
8.7 Bending of Thin-Walled Cylinders Subjected to Axisymmetric Loading 507
8.7.1 Problem Formulation 507
8.7.2 Long, Thin-Walled Pressurized Pipe with a Rigid Flange at its End 513
8.7.3 Short, Thin-Walled Pressurized Pipe with Two Rigid Flanges at Both Ends 517
8.7.4 Long, Thin-Walled Pipe Subjected to Uniform Radial Compression Along a
Circular Section at its Middle Length 518
8.7.5 Long, Thin-Walled Pipe Subjected to a Uniform Circumferential Load Along a
Finite Length 521
8.7.6 Cylindrical Pressure Vessels With End Closures 523
8.7.6.1 Case of a Flat End 524
 8.7.6.2 Case of a Curved End 527
8.7.6.3 Case of a Hemispherical End 529
8.7.7 Cylindrical Storage Tanks 534
8.7.8 Effect of Thermal-Gradient 537
8.8 Elastic Buckling of Plates and Shells 540
8.8.1 Buckling of Uniformly Compressed Rectangular Plate 540
8.8.1.1 Ail-Around Clamped Rectangular Plate 542
8.8.1.2 Rectangular Plates with Other Boundary Conditions 543
8.8.2 Axisymmetric Buckling of Circular Plates 544
8.8.3 Buckling of Thin-Walled Cylinders Under External Uniform Pressure 546
8.8.3.1 Effect of Out-of-Roundness, Cylinder Length, and End Constraints 550
Problems.... .- 550
References 559

Chapter 9 Applications to Fracture Mechanics

9.1 Introduction 561
9.2 Griffith Energy Criterion 562
9.3 Stress Concentration Around Elliptical Holes 565
9.4 The Elastic Stress Field at the Crack Tip.. 566
9.5 The Stress Intensity Factor and Fracture Toughness 570
9.6 Stress Intensity Factors for Various Configurations 574
9.6.1 Plates under Tensile Loading 575
9.6.2 Cracks Emanating from Circular Holes in Infinite Plates 577
9.6.3 Plates under Bending 579
9.6.4 Circular Rods and Tubes 579
9.6.5 Pressurized Thick-Walled Cylinders 581
9.6.6 Rotating Solid Disks and Drums 582
9.7 Superposition under Combined Loading 587
9.8 Mixed-Mode Loading 589
9.9 Plastic Zone Geometry at Crack Tip 590
9.10 Notes on Fracture Toughness Testing ;..'. 595
9.11 Fracture Due to Crack Growth 598
9.11.1 Fatigue Crack Propagation 598
9.11.1.1 Region (i) of Nonpropagating Cracks 599
9.11.1.2 Region (ii) of Steady Crack Propagation 599
9.11.1.3 Region (iii) of Unstable Crack Growth Rate 601
9.11.2 Safe-Life Prediction 603
9.11.3 Comments on Safe-Life Predictions 609
9.11.3.1 Margin of Safety 609
9.11.3.2 Variable Amplitude Loading 609
9.11.3.3 Mixed-Mode Crack Growth... 611
9.11.3.4 Correlation with S-N Curves 611
9.11.3.5 Growth of Physically Short Cracks 611
9.11.3.6 Crack Closure 612
9.12 Stress Corrosion Cracking : 613
9.13 Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics 616
9.13.1 /Integral 616
9.13.2 Experimental Determination of J 619
9.13.3 A Scheme for Fracture Estimation Using JIc 623
9.13.4 Crack Opening Displacement 627
 9.13.5 Experimental Determination of COD 629
9.13.6 Application of CTOD to Structural Design 630
Problems 632
References ."". 639

Chapter 10 Plastic Deformation

10.1 Introduction 641
10.2 Basic Assumptions 642
10.3 Definition of Large Plastic Strains 644
10.4 Strain Hardening in Simple Tension 646
10.5 Empirical Relations for Stress-Strain Curves 647
10.6 Idealized Stress-Strain Curves 652
10.7 Yield Criteria 653
10.7.1 von Mises Yield Criterion 654
10.7.2 Comments on the von Mises Criterion 656
10.7.3 Tresca Yield Criterion 658
10.7.4 Geometrical Representation of von Mises and Tresca Criteria 659
10.7.5 Experimental Verification of Yield Criteria 662
10.8 Plastic Stress-Strain Relations — Flow Rule 664
10.9 Principle of Normality and Plastic Potential 667
10.10 Plastic Work, Effective Stress, and Effective Strain Increment 669
10.11 Experimental Determination of the Flow Curve 674
10.12 Isotropic Hardening 678
10.13 Uniqueness and Path Dependence 679
10.14 Complete Elastic-Plastic Stress-Strain Relations 683
10.15 Plastic Deformation of Anisotropic Materials 686
10.15.1 A Yield Criterion for Anisotropic Materials 687
10.15.2 A Flow Rule for Anisotropic Materials 688
10.15.3 Measurement of Anisotropic Parameters 688
10.15.4 Normal Anisotropy 689
10.15.5 Effective Stress and Effective Plastic Strain Increment 691
10.15.6 A Special Case: Rotational Symmetry (Planar Isotropy) 692
10.15.7 A Modified Nonquadratic Criterion for Planar Isotropy 697
10.16 Kinematic Hardening 700
10.16.1 Uniaxial Behavior under Cyclic Loading 701
10.16.2 Triaxial Behavior — Yield Function and Flow Rule 709
10.17 Plastic Deformation of Porous Solids 715
10.17.1 Yield Function 716
10.17.2 Flow Rule 719
10.17.3 Void Growth Characteristics 720
10.17.4 Application to Metal Powder Compacts 722
Problems 723
References '. 731

Chapter 11 Plastic Instability, Superplasticity and Creep

11.1 Introduction 733
11.2 Unstable Plastic Deformation 733
11.2.1 Necking of a Tensile Bar 734
11.2.2 Local Necking of a Wide Strip 738
11.2.3 Limit Tensile Strain for a Bar with an Imperfection 740
 11.2.4 Stresses in the Neck of a Tensile Bar 741
11.2.4.1 Round Bar 742
11.2.4.2 Wide Strip 745
11.2.5 Biaxial Stretching — Flat and Bulged Circular Sheets 746
11.2.5.1 Flat Sheet 746
11.2.5.2 Bulging of a Circular Sheet 749
11.2.6 Pressurized Axisymmetric Thin-Walled Containers 754
11.2.6.1 Thin-Walled Sphere 754
11.2.6.2 Thin-Walled Cylinder 756
11.3 Strain-Rate Dependent Plastic Behavior — Application to Superplasticity 760
11.3.1 Neck-Free Elongations 763
11.3.2 Limit Tensile Strains for a Bar of Strain-Rate-Dependent Material 764
11.3.3 Forming Time for a Bulged Circular Sheet of Rate-Dependent Material 765
11.4 Creep Deformation 767
11.4.1 Creep Testing and Data 767
11.4.2 Empirical Creep Equation of State 771
11.4.2.1 Uniaxial Behavior 771
11.4.2.2 Multiaxial Behavior 773
11.4.3 Steady Creep of Beams under Bending 773
11.4.4 Steady Creep of Thin-Walled Pressurized Cylinders 777
11.4.5 Steady Creep of Thick-Walled Pressurized Cylinders 780
11.4.6 Steady Creep in Rotating Disks 785
11.4.7 Steady Creep of Circular Shafts Under Torsion 785
11.4.8 Creep Buckling of Columns 788
11.4.9 The Reference Stress Method 791
11.4.10 Stress Relaxation 796
11.4.11 Creep under Variable Loading: Time Hardening vs. Strain Hardening 798
11.4.12 Creep Rupture and Damage Concept 802
11.4.12.1 Ductile Creep Rupture under Uniaxial Stress 803
11.4.12.2, Creep Damage Concept 805
11.4.12.3 Brittle Creep Rupture under Uniaxial Stress 807
Problems 809
References 816

Chapter 12 Some Elastic-Plastic Problems

12.1 Introduction 819
12.2 Plane Strain Bending of Plates 820
12.2.1 Elastic State 820
12.2.2 Initial Yielding 822
12.2.3 Partial and Full Yielding — Shape Factor 822
12.2.4 Unloading: Residual Stresses and Springback 825
12.3 Plane Stress Bending of Beams 828
12.3.1 Initial Yielding, Full Yielding, and Springback 828
12.3.2 Combined Bending and Tension 831
12.3.2.1 Elastic State : 831
12.3.2.2 Elastic-Plastic State 831
12.3.2.3 Unloading and Residual Stresses 832
12.3.3 Plastic Collapse of Beams — Plastic Hinges 833
 12.3.4 Deflection and Shear Stresses 837
12.3.5 Effect of Strain Hardening 839
12.4 Biaxial Bending of Flat Plates 843
12.4.1 Rectangular Plates 843
12.4.2 Circular Plates 847
12.5 Bending of Circularly Curved Beams 849
12.6 Buckling of Bars Under Axial Compression 853
12.6.1 Tangent Modulus Formula 854
12.6.2 Double-Modulus Formula 854
12.7 Bars Subjected to Torsion 856
12.7.1 Circular Solid and Hollow Sections 857
12.7.1.1 Solid Circular Section 857
12.7.1.2 Hollow Circular Section 858
12.7.2 Thin-Walled Tubular Sections 861
12.7.2.1 Uniform Wall Thickness 861
12.7.2.2 Nonuniform Wall Thickness 861
12.7.3 Combined Torsion and Tension 861
12.7.3.1 Solid Circular Section 861
12.7.3.2 Hollow Circular Sections 862
12.7.3.3 Thin-Walled Cylinder of Uniform Thickness 863
12.7.3.4 Remarks 865
12.8 Pressurized Thick-Walled Cylinders 865
12.8.1 Initial and Partial Yielding 866
12.8.1.1 Stresses in the Elastic Region rp<r< r0 870
12.8.1.2 Stresses in the Plastic Region r, < r < rp 870
12.8.1.3 Radial Displacements in Partially Yielded Cylinders 873
12.8.2 Full Yielding and Plastic Expansion Process 874
12.8.2.1 Full Yielding 874
12.8.2.2 Plastic Expansion Process 875
12.8.3 Residual Stresses — The Autofrettage Process 880
12.8.4 Effect of Strain Hardening and Temperature Gradient: 884
12.8.4.1 Strain Hardening 884
12.8.4.2 Radial Temperature Gradient 885
12.9 Annular Rotating Disks of Uniform Thickness 886
12.9.1 Initial Yielding 886
12.9.1.1 Tresca Yield Criterion 886
12.9.1.2 von Mises Yield Criterion 887
12.9.2 Partial and full Yielding 887
12.9.2.1 Stresses in the Plastic Region r{ < r < rp 887
12.9.2.2 Stress in the Elastic Region rp < r<r0 888
12.9.3 Residual Stresses at Stoppage 890
12.9.4 Shrink-Fitted Disks 890
12.10 Solid Rotating Disks of Uniform Thickness 892
12.10.1 Initial, Partial, and Full Yielding 892
12.10.1.1 Initial Yielding 892
12.10.1.2 Partial Yielding 893
12.10.1.3 Full Yielding 893
12.10.2 Residual Stresses at Stoppage 895
12.11 Shakedown Limit: Application to Pressurized Cylinders 896
Problems 899
References 904

Index 905