NPS, std in

Class -
Bolt size in

Ab Bolt root area in2

Threads per inch ea
Tensile stress area in2
nb Number of bolts ea

Gid Gasket sealing element inner in

God Gasket sealing element outer in
Ag Gasket area in2
K Nut Factor
Pmax Maximum design pressure psi
Sya Flange yield stress at assembly psi
Syo Flange yield stress at operation psi
Sbmax Maximum permissible bolt stress psi
Sbmin Minimum permissible bolt stress psi
Sbsel Selected assembly bolt stress psi
Sfmax Maximum permissible bolt stress prior to flange damage psi
Sgt Target assembly gasket stress psi
Sgmax Maximum permissible gasket stress psi
Sgmin-S Minimum gasket seating stress psi
Sgmin-O Minimum gasket operating stress psi
Tb Assembly bolt torque ft-lb
db Bolt diameter in
ϴfmax Sum of flange rotations at Sfmax deg
ϴgmax Maximum permissible flange rotation for gasket at the max. op. temp deg
ϕg Fraction of gasket load remaining after relaxation
 Reference
28 ASME B16.47
150#
1 1/4in UN-8 Coarse thread

0.9289 Appendix H, ASME PCC-1

8 Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
0.9997 Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
28
Abr. Description Unit Formula
Pd design pressure psig
Td design temperature degF
P Operating pressure psig
T Operating temperature degF
FLANGE PROPERTIES
NPS in
Type Flange Type -
Class Class -
Material Material -
flange yield strength psi
flange tensile strength psi
Sfa Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at atm. temperature
Sft Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at ops. temperature
A outside diameter of flange in
B Inside diameter of flange in
PCD Bolt circle diameter in
t flange thickness in
BOLTING PROPERTIES
Dbolt Bolt size in
Abolt Bolt root area in2
Threads per inch ea
Tensile stress area in2
n Bolt qty ea
Ab Actual/available total cross in2 Ab = Abolt x n
sectional area of the bolts
Bolt Material -
Bolt yield strength psi
Bolt tensile strength psi
Knut Nut Factor -
Sa Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
atm. temperature
Sb Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
design temperature
Wbsa Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sa
Atm. Temperature
Wbsb Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sb
design temperature
GASKET PROPERTIES
Gasket type
m Gasket factor
y Min. design seating stress psi
God Gasket OD in
Gid Gasket ID in
CALCULATE "G
N in N = (God - Gid)/2
b0 Basic gasket seating width in b0 = N/2

b Effective gasket seating width in b = 0.5 x SQRT(b0)

G in G = God - 2 x b
CALCULATE REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
H Hydrostatic end force lbf H = 0.785 x G^2 x P
Hp total joint-contact surface compreslbf Hp = 2 x b x 3.14 x G x m x P
Wm1 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm1 = H + Hp
the operating
conditions

Wm2 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm2 = 3.14 x b x G x y

gasket seating
CHECK BOLTING DUE TO REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
Am1 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am1 = Wm1 / Sb
at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for the operating conditions

Am2 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am2 = Wm2 / Sa

at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for gasket seating

Am Total required cross-sectional area in2 Am = max(Am1,Am2)

of bolts, taken
as the greater of Am1 and Am2

W1 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W1 = Wm1

the operating conditions
W2 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W2 = (Am + Ab) x Sa/2
gasket seating

TORQUE CALCULATION
Fbolt Target bolt load lbf Wbolt = W / n
T Target torque ft-lb T = Knut x Dbolt x Fbolt /12
T Target torque, for the operating N.m
conditions

CALCULATE FLANGE MOMENTS

HD hydrostatic end force on area lbf HD = 0.785 x B^2 x P
inside of flange
HG gasket load (difference between lbf HG = W1 - H
flange design
bolt load and total hydrostatic end
force)

HT difference between total lbf HT = H - HD

hydrostatic end force
and the hydrostatic end force on
area inside of
flange

hD radial distance from the bolt in hD = (PCD-B) / 2

circle, to the circle on which HD
acts, as prescribed in Table 2-6,

hG radial distance from gasket load in hG = (PCD-G) / 2

reaction to the bolt circle,

hT radial distance from the bolt circle in hT = (hD+hG)/2

to the circle on which HT acts as
prescribed in Table 2-6,

MD component of moment due to HD lbf.in MD = HD x hD

(hydrostatic end force)
MG component of moment due to HG lbf.in MG = HG x hG
(gasket load)
MT component of moment due to HT lbf.in MT = HT x hT

M01 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M01 = MD + MG + MT

flange, for the operating
conditions

M02 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M02 = 1/2 x W2 x (PCD - G)
flange, for the gasket seating

CALCULATE FLANGE STRESS

K ratio of outside diameter of flange K=A/B
to inside diameter of flange

Y1 Y1 = K^2 x log10(K)
Y2 Y2 = K^2 - 1
Y factor involving K (from Fig. 2-7.1) Y = (0.66845+5.71690 x
(Y1/Y2) / (K-1)

SH Longitudinal hub stress psi -

SR Radial flange stress psi -
ST1 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M01 / (t^2 x B)
operating conditions
ST2 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M02 / (t^2 x B)
gasket seating conditions

Scom1 Combined Stress, for the psi Scom1 = (SH + ST1)/2

operating conditions

Scom2 Combined Stress, for the gasket psi Scom2 = (SH + ST2)/2
seating conditions
Value Check
50
300
10.3
150

28
Slip-on (loose flange w/o hub)
150#, FF, ASME B16.47 series A
ASTM A283 Gr. D (UNS K02702)
33,000
60,000
17,100

17,100

37
28
34
0.591

1 1/4
0.9289
8
0.9997
28
26.0092

A193 Gr. B7 / A194 Gr. 2H

105,000
125,000
0.20 0.16 ~ 0.23
25,000

25,000

23,223

23,223

Spiral wound
3
10,000
29.75
28.5

0.625
0.3125 bo > 1/4in

0.280
29.191

6,889.764
1,583.295
8,473.059

256,196.613

0.339

10.248

10.248 OK

8,473.059

453,213.306

Operating conditions Gasket Seating Condition

302.609 16,186.190
6.304 337.212
8.548 457.199

6,339.032
1,583.295

550.732

3.000

2.405

2.702

19,017.096

3,807.046

1,488.217

24,312.359

1,089,755.246

1.304

0.196
0.699
7.471

0
0
18,600.287 NOT OK
833,722.467 NOT OK

9,300.143 OK

416,861.233 NOT OK
Notes

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D
obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

UN-8 Coarse thread

Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D
Appendix K, ASME PCC-1
obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1
When bo < 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = mean diameter of gasket contact face, in.
When bo > 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = outside diameter of gasket contact face less 2b

A selection of bolts to be used shall be made such

that the actual/available total cross sectional area
of bolts Ab will not be less than Am. (Am ≤ Ab)
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)
Abr. Description Unit Formula
Pd design pressure psig
Td design temperature degF
P Operating pressure psig
T Operating temperature degF
FLANGE PROPERTIES
NPS in
Type Flange Type -
Class Class -
Material Material -
flange yield strength psi
flange tensile strength psi
Sfa Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at atm. temperature
Sft Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at ops. temperature
A outside diameter of flange in
B Inside diameter of flange in
PCD Bolt circle diameter in
t flange thickness in
h hub length in
go thickness of hub at small end, in
g1 thickness of hub at back of flange, in

BOLTING PROPERTIES
Dbolt Bolt size in
Abolt Bolt root area in2
Threads per inch ea
Tensile stress area in2
n Bolt qty ea
Ab Actual/available total cross in2 Ab = Abolt x n
sectional area of the bolts
Bolt Material -
Bolt yield strength psi
Bolt tensile strength psi
Knut Nut Factor -
Sa Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
atm. temperature
Sb Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
design temperature
Wbsa Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sa
Atm. Temperature
Wbsb Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sb
design temperature
GASKET PROPERTIES
Gasket type
m Gasket factor
y Min. design seating stress psi
God Gasket OD in
Gid Gasket ID in
CALCULATE "G
N in N = (God - Gid)/2
b0 Basic gasket seating width in b0 = N/2

b Effective gasket seating width in b = 0.5 x SQRT(b0)

G in G = God - 2 x b
CALCULATE REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
H Hydrostatic end force lbf H = 0.785 x G^2 x P
Hp total joint-contact surface compreslbf Hp = 2 x b x 3.14 x G x m x P
Wm1 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm1 = H + Hp
the operating
conditions

Wm2 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm2 = 3.14 x b x G x y

gasket seating
CHECK BOLTING DUE TO REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
Am1 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am1 = Wm1 / Sb
at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for the operating conditions

Am2 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am2 = Wm2 / Sa

at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for gasket seating

Am Total required cross-sectional area in2 Am = max(Am1,Am2)

of bolts, taken
as the greater of Am1 and Am2

W1 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W1 = Wm1

the operating conditions
W2 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W2 = (Am + Ab) x Sa/2
gasket seating

TORQUE CALCULATION
Fbolt Target bolt load lbf Wbolt = W / n
T Target torque ft-lb T = Knut x Dbolt x Fbolt /12
T Target torque, for the operating N.m
conditions

CALCULATE FLANGE MOMENTS

R radial distance from bolt circle to in R = ((PCD - B) / 2) - g1
point of intersection of hub and
back of flange,
HD hydrostatic end force on area lbf HD = 0.785 x B^2 x P
inside of flange
HG gasket load (difference between lbf HG = W1 - H
flange design
bolt load and total hydrostatic end
force)

HT difference between total lbf HT = H - HD

hydrostatic end force
and the hydrostatic end force on
area inside of
flange

hD radial distance from the bolt in hD = R + 0.5 * g1

circle, to the circle on which HD
acts, as prescribed in Table 2-6,

hG radial distance from gasket load in hG = (PCD - G) / 2

reaction to the bolt circle,

hT radial distance from the bolt circle in hT = (R + g1 + hG) / 2

to the circle on which HT acts as
prescribed in Table 2-6,

MD component of moment due to HD lbf.in MD = HD x hD

(hydrostatic end force)
MG component of moment due to HG lbf.in MG = HG x hG
(gasket load)
MT component of moment due to HT lbf.in MT = HT x hT

M01 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M01 = MD + MG + MT

flange, for the operating
conditions

M02 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M02 = 1/2 x W2 x (PCD - G)
flange, for the gasket seating

CALCULATE FLANGE STRESS

K ratio of outside diameter of flange K=A/B
to inside diameter of flange

Y1 Y1 = K^2 x log10(K)
Y2 Y2 = K^2 - 1
Y factor involving K (from Fig. 2-7.1) Y = (0.66845+5.71690 x
(Y1/Y2) / (K-1)

ho hub factor ho = SQRT(B x go)

T
U
V
L
te
d Factor d d = (U x ho x go^2) / V
x1 Factor g1/go x1 = g1/go
x2 Factor h/ho x2 = h/ho
f Hub Stress correction factor Appendix 2, Fig. 2-7.6

SH1 Longitudinal hub stress, for the psi SH = (f x M01) / (L x g1^2 x B)

operating conditions
SH2 Longitudinal hub stress, for the psi SH = (f x M02) / (L x g1^2 x B)
gasket seating conditions

SR Radial flange stress psi -

ST1 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M01 / (t^2 x B)
operating conditions
ST2 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M02 / (t^2 x B)
gasket seating conditions

Scom1 Combined Stress, for the psi Scom1 = (SH + ST1)/2

operating conditions

Scom2 Combined Stress, for the gasket psi Scom2 = (SH + ST2)/2
seating conditions
Value Check
50
1100

60
Weldneck tongue-groove
300#, RF, ASME B16.47-B
A182 F304H
36,000
70,000
23,300

23,300

46
31
43
4.900
4.000
1.126
2.400

1 1/2
1.405
8
1.492
40
56.2

A193 Gr. B7 / A194 Gr. 2H

105,000
125,000
0.20 0.16 ~ 0.23
25,000

25,000

35,125

35,125

Spiral wound
3
10,000
33
31.5

0.75
0.375 bo > 1/4in

0.306
32.388

0.000
0.000
0.000

311,382.659

0.000

12.455

12.455 OK

0.000 0.000

858,191.329 21,454.783

Operating conditions Gasket Seating Condition

0.000 21,454.783
0.000 536.370
0.000 727.221

3.300
0.000

0.000

0.000

4.500

5.056

5.378

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

4,339,175.172

1.469

0.361
1.159
5.215

5.918
2.131
0.676
1.000

0
0.000 OK

30,306.735 NOT OK

0.000 OK

15,153.368 OK
Notes

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D
obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

UN-8 Coarse thread

Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D
Appendix K, ASME PCC-1
obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1
When bo < 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = mean diameter of gasket contact face, in.
When bo > 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = outside diameter of gasket contact face less 2b

A selection of bolts to be used shall be made such

that the actual/available total cross sectional area
of bolts Ab will not be less than Am. (Am ≤ Ab)
formula for integral flange

obtained from Appendix 2, Fig. 2-7.6, ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)
Abr. Description Unit Formula
Pd design pressure psig
Td design temperature degF
P Operating pressure psig
T Operating temperature degF
FLANGE PROPERTIES
NPS in
Type Flange Type -
Class Class -
Material Material -
flange yield strength psi
flange tensile strength psi
Sfa Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at atm. temperature
Sft Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at ops. temperature
A outside diameter of flange in
B Inside diameter of flange in
PCD Bolt circle diameter in
t flange thickness in
BOLTING PROPERTIES
Dbolt Bolt size in
Abolt Bolt root area in2
Threads per inch ea
Tensile stress area in2
n Bolt qty ea
Ab Actual/available total cross in2 Ab = Abolt x n
sectional area of the bolts
Bolt Material -
Bolt yield strength psi
Bolt tensile strength psi
Knut Nut Factor -
Sa Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
atm. temperature
Sb Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
design temperature
Wbsa Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sa
Atm. Temperature
Wbsb Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sb
design temperature
GASKET PROPERTIES
Gasket type
m Gasket factor
y Min. design seating stress psi
God Gasket OD in
Gid Gasket ID in
CALCULATE "G
N in N = (God - Gid)/2
b0 Basic gasket seating width in b0 = N/2

b Effective gasket seating width in b = 0.5 x SQRT(b0)

G in G = God - 2 x b
CALCULATE REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
H Hydrostatic end force lbf H = 0.785 x G^2 x P
Hp total joint-contact surface compreslbf Hp = 2 x b x 3.14 x G x m x P
Wm1 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm1 = H + Hp
the operating
conditions

Wm2 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm2 = 3.14 x b x G x y

gasket seating
CHECK BOLTING DUE TO REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
Am1 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am1 = Wm1 / Sb
at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for the operating conditions

Am2 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am2 = Wm2 / Sa

at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for gasket seating

Am Total required cross-sectional area in2 Am = max(Am1,Am2)

of bolts, taken
as the greater of Am1 and Am2

W1 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W1 = Wm1

the operating conditions
W2 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W2 = (Am + Ab) x Sa/2
gasket seating

TORQUE CALCULATION
Fbolt Target bolt load, for the operating lbf Wbolt = W / n
conditions
T Target torque, for the operating ft-lb T = Knut x Dbolt x Fbolt /12
conditions
T Target torque, for the operating N.m
conditions

CALCULATE FLANGE MOMENTS

HD hydrostatic end force on area lbf HD = 0.785 x B^2 x P
inside of flange
HG gasket load (difference between lbf HG = W1 - H
flange design
bolt load and total hydrostatic end
force)

HT difference between total lbf HT = H - HD

hydrostatic end force
and the hydrostatic end force on
area inside of
flange

hD radial distance from the bolt in hD = (PCD-B) / 2

circle, to the circle on which HD
acts, as prescribed in Table 2-6,

hG radial distance from gasket load in hG = (PCD-G) / 2

reaction to the bolt circle,

hT radial distance from the bolt circle in hT = (hD+hG)/2

to the circle on which HT acts as
prescribed in Table 2-6,

MD component of moment due to HD lbf.in MD = HD x hD

(hydrostatic end force)
MG component of moment due to HG lbf.in MG = HG x hG
(gasket load)
MT component of moment due to HT lbf.in MT = HT x hT

M01 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M01 = MD + MG + MT

flange, for the operating
conditions

M02 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M02 = 1/2 x W2 x (PCD - G)
flange, for the gasket seating

CALCULATE FLANGE STRESS

K ratio of outside diameter of flange K=A/B
to inside diameter of flange

Y1 Y1 = K^2 x log10(K)
Y2 Y2 = K^2 - 1
Y factor involving K (from Fig. 2-7.1) Y = (0.66845+5.71690 x
(Y1/Y2) / (K-1)

SH Longitudinal hub stress psi -

SR Radial flange stress psi -
ST1 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M01 / (t^2 x B)
operating conditions
ST2 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M02 / (t^2 x B)
gasket seating conditions

Scom1 Combined Stress, for the psi Scom1 = (SH + ST1)/2

operating conditions
Scom2 Combined Stress, for the gasket psi Scom2 = (SH + ST2)/2
seating conditions
Value Check
50
300
10.3
150

28
Slip-on (loose flange w/o hub)
150#, FF, ASME B16.47 series A
ASTM A283 Gr. D (UNS K02702)
33,000
60,000
17,100

17,100

37
28
34
0.591

1 1/4
0.9289
8
0.9997
28
26.0092

A193 Gr. B7M / A194 Gr. 2HM

80,000
100,000
0.20 0.16 ~ 0.23
20,000

20,000

18,578

18,578

Teflon gasket
2.5
2,900
32.75 831.85
28 711.2

2.375
1.1875 bo > 1/4in

0.545
31.660

8,104.687
2,789.577
10,894.264

157,082.985

0.545

7.854

7.854 OK

10,894.264

338,633.493

Operating conditions Gasket Seating Condition

1,361.783 12,094.053

28.370 251.959

38.465 341.612
6,339.032

2,789.577

1,765.655

3.000

1.170

2.085

19,017.096

3,263.421

3,681.269

25,961.787

396,154.579

1.304

0.196
0.699
7.471

0
0
19,862.189 NOT OK

303,079.957 NOT OK

9,931.095 OK

151,539.979 NOT OK
Notes

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D
obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

UN-8 Coarse thread

Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D
Appendix K, ASME PCC-1
obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1
When bo < 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = mean diameter of gasket contact face, in.
When bo > 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = outside diameter of gasket contact face less 2b

A selection of bolts to be used shall be made such that

the actual/available total cross sectional area of bolts
Ab will not be less than Am. (Am ≤ Ab)
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)
combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)
Abr. Description Unit Formula
Pd design pressure psig
Td design temperature degF
P Operating pressure psig
T Operating temperature degF
FLANGE PROPERTIES
NPS in
Type Flange Type -
Class Class -
Material Material -
flange yield strength psi
flange tensile strength psi
Sfa Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at atm. temperature
Sft Maximum Allowable flange Stress psi
at ops. temperature
A outside diameter of flange in
B Inside diameter of flange in
PCD Bolt circle diameter in
t flange thickness in
BOLTING PROPERTIES
Dbolt Bolt size in
Abolt Bolt root area in2
Threads per inch ea
Tensile stress area in2
n Bolt qty ea
Ab Actual/available total cross in2 Ab = Abolt x n
sectional area of the bolts
Bolt Material -
Bolt yield strength psi
Bolt tensile strength psi
Knut Nut Factor -
Sa Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
atm. temperature
Sb Maximum Allowable bolt Stress at psi
design temperature
Wbsa Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sa
Atm. Temperature
Wbsb Maximum Allowable bolt load at lbf Wbsa =Ab x Sb
design temperature
GASKET PROPERTIES
Gasket type
m Gasket factor
y Min. design seating stress psi
God Gasket OD in
Gid Gasket ID in
CALCULATE "G
N in N = (God - Gid)/2
b0 Basic gasket seating width in b0 = N/2

b Effective gasket seating width in b = 0.5 x SQRT(b0)

G in G = God - 2 x b
CALCULATE REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
H Hydrostatic end force lbf H = 0.785 x G^2 x P
Hp total joint-contact surface compreslbf Hp = 2 x b x 3.14 x G x m x P
Wm1 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm1 = H + Hp
the operating
conditions

Wm2 minimum required bolt load for lbf Wm2 = 3.14 x b x G x y

gasket seating
CHECK BOLTING DUE TO REQUIRED BOLT LOAD
Am1 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am1 = Wm1 / Sb
at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for the operating conditions

Am2 Total cross-sectional area of bolts in2 Am2 = Wm2 / Sa

at root of
thread or section of least
diameter under stress, required
for gasket seating

Am Total required cross-sectional area in2 Am = max(Am1,Am2)

of bolts, taken
as the greater of Am1 and Am2

W1 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W1 = Wm1

the operating conditions
W2 total flange design bolt load, for lbf W2 = (Am + Ab) x Sa/2
gasket seating

TORQUE CALCULATION
Fbolt Target bolt load, for the operating lbf Wbolt = W / n
conditions
T Target torque, for the operating ft-lb T = Knut x Dbolt x Fbolt /12
conditions
T Target torque, for the operating N.m
conditions

CALCULATE FLANGE MOMENTS

HD hydrostatic end force on area lbf HD = 0.785 x B^2 x P
inside of flange
HG gasket load (difference between lbf HG = W1 - H
flange design
bolt load and total hydrostatic end
force)

HT difference between total lbf HT = H - HD

hydrostatic end force
and the hydrostatic end force on
area inside of
flange

hD radial distance from the bolt in hD = (PCD-B) / 2

circle, to the circle on which HD
acts, as prescribed in Table 2-6,

hG radial distance from gasket load in hG = (PCD-G) / 2

reaction to the bolt circle,

hT radial distance from the bolt circle in hT = (hD+hG)/2

to the circle on which HT acts as
prescribed in Table 2-6,

MD component of moment due to HD lbf.in MD = HD x hD

(hydrostatic end force)
MG component of moment due to HG lbf.in MG = HG x hG
(gasket load)
MT component of moment due to HT lbf.in MT = HT x hT

M01 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M01 = MD + MG + MT

flange, for the operating
conditions

M02 total moment acting upon the lbf.in M02 = 1/2 x W2 x (PCD - G)
flange, for the gasket seating

CALCULATE FLANGE STRESS

K ratio of outside diameter of flange K=A/B
to inside diameter of flange

Y1 Y1 = K^2 x log10(K)
Y2 Y2 = K^2 - 1
Y factor involving K (from Fig. 2-7.1) Y = (0.66845+5.71690 x
(Y1/Y2) / (K-1)

SH Longitudinal hub stress psi -

SR Radial flange stress psi -
ST1 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M01 / (t^2 x B)
operating conditions
ST2 Tangential flange stress, for the psi ST = Y x M02 / (t^2 x B)
gasket seating conditions

Scom1 Combined Stress, for the psi Scom1 = (SH + ST1)/2

operating conditions
Scom2 Combined Stress, for the gasket psi Scom2 = (SH + ST2)/2
seating conditions
Value Check
50
300
10.3
150

28
Slip-on (loose flange w/o hub)
150#, FF, ASME B16.47 series A
ASTM A283 Gr. D (UNS K02702)
33,000
60,000
17,100

17,100

37
28
34
0.591

1 1/4
0.9289
8
0.9997
28
26.0092

A193 Gr. B7M / A194 Gr. 2HM

80,000
100,000
0.20 0.16 ~ 0.23
20,000

20,000

18,578

18,578

Sheet Gasket
2
1,600
32.75 831.85
28 711.2

2.375
1.1875 bo > 1/4in

0.545
31.660

8,104.687
2,231.662
10,336.349

86,666.475

0.517

4.333

4.333 OK

10,336.349

303,425.237

Operating conditions Gasket Seating Condition

1,292.044 10,836.616

26.918 225.763

36.495 306.094
6,339.032

2,231.662

1,765.655

3.000

1.170

2.085

19,017.096

2,610.737

3,681.269

25,309.103

354,965.767

1.304

0.196
0.699
7.471

0
0
19,362.850 NOT OK

271,568.259 NOT OK

9,681.425 OK

135,784.129 NOT OK
Notes

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D
obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 1A, ASME Sect II-D

UN-8 Coarse thread

Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1
Appendix H, ASME PCC-1

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D
Appendix K, ASME PCC-1
obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from TABLE 3, ASME Sect II-D

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1

obtained from Table 2-5.1, ASME Sect VIII Div 1
When bo < 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = mean diameter of gasket contact face, in.
When bo > 1⁄4 in. (6 mm), G = outside diameter of gasket contact face less 2b

A selection of bolts to be used shall be made such that

the actual/available total cross sectional area of bolts
Ab will not be less than Am. (Am ≤ Ab)
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
obtained from Appendix 2, Section 2.7 (b), ASME Sect VIII Div 1
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)
tangential flange stress ST not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)

combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf

(ST ≤ Sf)
combined flange stress Scom not greater than Sf
(ST ≤ Sf)