The cross pin connects 2 flanges (torque load)

The easiest and oldest way joints. It is a joint with a shape contact. The pin serves primarily
to ensure the mutual positioning of the two parts. They are cylindrical or conical. The pins
are dimensioned under simplified assumptions without will and without the pressing effect.
When calculating the pin, the length of the pin should not be considered, which is different
from the nominal cross-section see, for example, the thread in the pin etc.

Fig. 1 the cross pin connects 2 flanges (torque load)

Shear stress in the pin:

8𝑀&
𝜏" = ≤ 𝜏.//
𝑖 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑+ ∗ 𝐷

τp shear stress in the pin [MPa]

MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
i number of pins []
d diameter of the pin [mm]
τall allowable shear stress [MPa]

Allowable shear stress:

0,4𝑅"4,+5
𝜏.// = ∗ 𝐶9
𝑆7

τall allowable shear stress [MPa]

Rp0,2T the minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at calculation temperature [MPa]
SF safety factor []

1
Cc coefficient according to load []

Coefficient according to load:

load []
Unidirectional load, non-impact load 0,8
Unidirectional load, with a small impact load 0,7
Unidirectional load, with a big impact load 0,6
Alternating load, with a small impact load 0,45
Alternating load, with a big impact load 0,25

Bearing stress in the pin and flange 1:

2 ∗ 𝑀5
𝑝; = ≤ 𝜎.//
𝑖 ∗ 𝑠; ∗ 𝑑 ∗ 𝐷

P1 bearing stress in the pin and flange 1 [MPa]

MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
i number of pins []
s1 pin length in flange 1 [mm]
d diameter of the pin [mm]
σall allowable bearing stress [MPa]

Allowable bearing stress:

0,9𝑅"4,+5
𝜎.// = ∗ 𝐶9
𝑆7

σall allowable bearing stress [MPa]

Rp0,2T the minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at calculation temperature [MPa]
SF safety factor []
Cc coefficient according to load []

Bearing stress in the pin and flange 2:

2 ∗ 𝑀5
𝑝+ = ≤ 𝜎.//
𝑖 ∗ 𝑠+ ∗ 𝑑 ∗ 𝐷

P2 Bearing stress in the pin and flange 2 [MPa]

MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
i number of pins []
s2 pin length in flange 2 [mm]
d diameter of the pin [mm]
σall allowable bearing stress [MPa]

2
Axial stress in the flange 1:
𝐾B; ∗ 4 ∗ 𝑀5
𝜎@; = ≤ 𝜎@.//
𝑖 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ (𝐷;D − 𝐷;@ − 2𝑑) ∗ 𝑠;

σA1 Axial stress in the flange 1 [MPa]

Kt1 concentration factor in flange 1 []
MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
s1 pin length in flange 1 [mm]
D1B outer diameter of flange 1 [mm]
D1A inner diameter of flange 1 [mm]
i number of pins []
d diameter of the pin [mm]
σAall allowable axial stress [MPa]

Concentration factor in flange 1:

𝑑 𝑑 + 𝑑 M
𝐾B; = 𝐶;@ + 𝐶;D H J + 𝐶;K H J + 𝐶;L H J
2𝑐; 2𝑐; 2𝑐;

𝑐; 𝑐; +
𝐶;@ = 2,9969 − 0,0090 H J + 0,01338 H J
𝑒; 𝑒;

𝑐; 𝑐; +
𝐶;D = 0,1217 + 0,5180 H J − 0,5297 H J
𝑒; 𝑒;

𝑐; 𝑐; +
𝐶;K = 0,5565 + 0,7215 H J + 0,6153 H J
𝑒; 𝑒;

𝑐; 𝑐; +
𝐶;L = 4,082 + 6,0146 H J − 3,9815 H J
𝑒; 𝑒;

𝐷 − 𝐷;@ 𝐷;D − 𝐷
𝑐; = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 V ; X
2 2

𝐷 − 𝐷;@ 𝐷;D − 𝐷
𝑒; = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 V ; X
2 2

Kt1 concentration factor in flange 1 []

C1A coefficient []
C1B coefficient []
C1C coefficient []
C1D coefficient []
d diameter of the pin [mm]
c1 dimension [mm]
e1 dimension [mm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
D1B outer diameter of flange 1 [mm]

3
D1A inner diameter of flange 1 [mm]

Allowable axial stress:

0,45𝑅"4,+5
𝜎@.// = ∗ 𝐶9
𝑆7

σAall allowable axial stress [MPa]

Rp0,2T the minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at calculation temperature [MPa]
SF safety factor []
Cc coefficient according to load []

Axial stress in the flange 2:

𝐾B+ ∗ 4 ∗ 𝑀5
𝜎@+ = ≤ 𝜎@.//
𝑖 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ (𝐷+D − 𝐷+@ − 2𝑑) ∗ 𝑠+

σA2 Axial stress in the flange 2 [MPa]

Kt2 concentration factor in flange 2 []
MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
s2 pin length in flange 2 [mm]
D2B outer diameter of flange 2 [mm]
D2A inner diameter of flange 2 [mm]
i number of pins []
d diameter of the pin [mm]
σAall allowable axial stress [MPa]

Concentration factor in flange 2:

𝑑 𝑑 + 𝑑 M
𝐾B+ = 𝐶+@ + 𝐶+D H J + 𝐶+K H J + 𝐶+L H J
2𝑐+ 2𝑐+ 2𝑐+

𝑐+ 𝑐+ +
𝐶+@ = 2,9969 − 0,0090 H J + 0,01338 H J
𝑒+ 𝑒+

𝑐+ 𝑐+ +
𝐶+D = 0,1217 + 0,5180 H J − 0,5297 H J
𝑒+ 𝑒+

𝑐+ 𝑐+ +
𝐶+K = 0,5565 + 0,7215 H J + 0,6153 H J
𝑒+ 𝑒+

𝑐+ 𝑐+ +
𝐶+L = 4,082 + 6,0146 H J − 3,9815 H J
𝑒+ 𝑒+

𝐷 − 𝐷+@ 𝐷+D − 𝐷
𝑐+ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 V ; X
2 2

4
 𝐷 − 𝐷+@ 𝐷+D − 𝐷
𝑒+ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 V ; X
2 2

Kt2 concentration factor in flange 2 []

C2A coefficient []
C2B coefficient []
C2C coefficient []
C2D coefficient []
d diameter of the pin [mm]
c2 dimension [mm]
e2 dimension [mm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
D2B outer diameter of flange 2 [mm]
D2A inner diameter of flange 2 [mm]

Diameter in which there must be no other debilitating element:

4𝑀5 1 1
𝑑; = ∗ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 V ; X+𝑑
𝐷∗𝑖 𝜏.// ∗ 𝑠; 𝜏.// ∗ 𝑠+

d1 diameter in which there must be no other debilitating element [mm]

MT torque [Nm]
D Pitch diameter for pins [mm]
i number of pins []
s1 pin length in flange 1 [mm]
s2 pin length in flange 2 [mm]
d diameter of the pin [mm]
τall allowable shear stress [MPa]

In the marked diameter d1 and there must be no other weakening element in the cross-
section in which the pin is located.

Literature:
AISC: Specification for structural steel buildings: Allowable Stress design and plastic design
1989
Walter D. Pilkey, Deborah F. Pilkey: Peterson’s stress concentration factors. 2008
Joseph E. Shigley, Charles R. Mischke, Richard G. Budynas: Konstruování strojních součástí
2010
MET-Calc: Allowable stress
https://met-calc.com/soubory/clanky/Allowable%20stress%20[EN].pdf
K. Kříž a kol.: Strojní součásti 1. 1984