HINDU COLLEGE OF DESIGN,

ARCHITECTURE & PLANING

SONEPAT-131001

DISSERTATIONS

TOWARDS THE GREEN HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN INDIA

Submitted to : Submitted by :
Ar. Naveen Sir Name - Mithlesh Kumar
Roll no. - 15025006030
Semester - 9th
ABSTRACT
As urban populations boom, the pressure for buildings to “do” more with less increases. Yet, a
successful design for High-Rise Building comprises more than cramming as much as possible
into one building.
Rapid growth in urban centers continues to spur planners to create new solutions. Some old ideas,
however, are being dusted off and given a modern update. Mixed-use buildings and
developments go back to ancient times. Today, no planner can get away with simply designing a
stand-alone office or residential building. The mixed-use building not only sustainably utilizes
resources and precious space, but also provides city inhabitants with neighborhoods that integrate
work, home, shopping, transportation, and even green spaces. The concept also allows planners to
flexibly adapt building uses as times change. Urban Hub takes a closer look at some inspiring
mixed-use buildings and the benefits.

INTRODUCTION
Definitions
Before the initial Green High-rise Building (GHRB) design starts, we need to have a general idea
about what the GHRB is. It is hard to get an exact definition for GHRB worldwide. If we are
trying to divide the GHRB into 2 parts which are Green Building (GB) and High-rise Building
(HRB), the understanding of these 2 parts would still be various in different countries. To define
the HRB, it is possible to find out the height requirements from the Building Code/Regulation in
each country. There have been several Assessment Methods
to evaluate the GB, such as LEED (US), BREEAM (UK) or Green Star (AU and NZ), etc.

GREEN BUILDING
A green Building uses less energy, water and other natural resources creates less waste & Green
House Gases and is healthy for people during living or working inside as compared to a standard
Building. Another meaning of Green Structure is clean environment, water and healthy living.
Building Green is not about a little more efficiency. It is about creating buildings that optimize on
the local ecology, use of local materials and most importantly they are built to cut power, water
and material requirements. Thus, if these things are kept in mind, then we will realize that our
traditional architecture was in fact, very green. Today, we have forgotten that how to make
natural environment, instead copying it from developed countries.

Buildings are a major energy consuming sector in the economy. About 35 to 40% of total energy
is used by buildings during construction. The major consumption of Energy in buildings is during
construction and later in lighting or air-conditioning systems. This consumption must be
minimized. Possibly, this should be limited to about 80-100 watts per sqm.

High - Rise Building

A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined by its
height differently in various jurisdictions. It is used as a residential, office building, or other
functions including hotel, retail, or with multiple purposes combined. Residential high-rise
buildings are also known as tower block and may be referred to as "MDUs", standing for "multi-
dwelling unit" A very tall high-rise building is referred to as a skyscraper.
High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the elevator (lift) and less expensive,
more abundant building materials. The materials used for the structural system of high-rise
buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most North American style skyscrapers have a steel
frame, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no clear difference
between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with forty or more stories and taller
than 150 m (490 ft) is generally considered a skyscraper

GREEN HIGH-RISE BUILDING

Because of the high land prices in modern city, the density of buildings is high in many regions.
It has caused the city "Canyon” and the congestion public space. The controlling of plot ratio and
building density is an effective way. On the one hand, plot ratio controlling can restrict the target
of land area utilization of high-rise buildings. On the other hand, the height of high-rise buildings
can be controlled through the interaction of plot ratio and building density. So, the optimal
utilization of land is very helpful to achieve a good relationship between buildings and
surrounding environment, then an enough public space could be saved to improve the quality of
external. Therefore, architects should attach great importance to the intrinsic link of architecture
and natural environment.

Two major processes of Green Building Architecture

1. Active Process
2. Passive Process
Active Features
 Use of Solar Photovoltaic Panels
 Wind Energy
 Wave Energy
 Use of Solar Energy
Active design uses equipment to modify the state of the building, create energy and
comfort; ie. Fans, pumps, etc.
Passive Features
 Based upon climate considerations
 Attempts to control comfort
 Orientation of the building
 Building envelope (plan, section) to control air flow
 Uses materials to control heat
 Maximizes use of free solar energy
 Maximizes use of free ventilation for cooling
 Uses shade (natural or architectural) to control heat gain
Passive design results when a building is created and simply works “on its own”.
AIM
To study and analysis about the active and passive system used in Green High Rise building.
NEED OF STUDY
 As urban populations boom, the pressure for buildings to “do” more with less increases.
 To ensure a good quality of urban life for people, by considering their needs,
 To design a sustainable and resilient high-rise

OBJECTIVES
 To study the Green High-Rise Building
 The study focuses on Solution FOR Design’ and ‘Solution BY Design.
 Find out the way to make the building Green through active and passive system

SCOPE
 Maximize land-saving
 Minimize energy consumption
 Utilize natural resources (such as solar, wind, light) efficiently

LIMITATIONS
 The study only focus in India
 the study only focus on Active and Passive system for Green High-Rise Building
 AIM

LITERATURE SEARCH

FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY SURVEY SECONDARY DATA

CASE STUDIES 1. Green High-Rise Building

1. INDIRA PARAYAVARAN BHAWAN OFFICE 2. Active System
BUILDING FOR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
3. Passive System
& FORESTS

ANALYSIS FROM CASE STUDIES INFERENCEE

CONCLUSION
DEFINITIONS
Before the initial Green High-rise Building (GHRB) design starts, we need to have a
general idea about what the GHRB is. It is hard to get an exact definition for GHRB
worldwide. If we are trying to divide the GHRB into 2 parts which are Green Building (GB)
and High-rise Building (HRB), the understanding of these 2 parts would still be various in
different countries. To define the HRB, it is possible to find out the height requirements from
the Building Code/Regulation in each country. There have been several Assessment Methods
to evaluate the GB, such as LEED (US), BREEAM (UK) or Green Star (AU and NZ), etc.

INDIAN GREEN BUILDING

ITC Green Centre, Gurgaon
Spread across a sprawling 1,80,000 square feet, the ITC Green Centre has set benchmark for
green buildings in India. Located in Sector-32, Gurgaon, the building has been awarded the
Platinum Green Building rating by USGBC-LEED (Green Building Council-Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design), making it the first corporate house in India to bag this award.
The building is designed keeping in mind the highest environmental standards. It is made up of
bricks and concrete comprising of fly-ash and is equipped with high efficiency equipment that
reduces 53 percent energy consumption over a conventional building and 40 percent potable
water requirements. Zero water discharge, solar thermal technology, storm water management
system, reflective high-albedo roof paint, minimal exterior lighting and separate smoking rooms
with exhaust system are some of the other features of the building.
Infinity Benchmark, Kolkata
Next on the list is Infinity Benchmark, another LEED Platinum level certified green building
which covers an area of 5,60,000 square feet and is spread over 20 stories. The air quality inside
the building is maintained by CO2 monitoring sensors and intelligent humidification controls.
External walls of the building are made of brick wall block while the roof has under deck thick
polyurethane foam for better insulation. Environment-friendly technique like use of electric cars
within the complex is used along with energy efficient equipment and waste water recycling
system.
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan:
Located in Jor Bagh, New Delhi, this eight-storey structure has been given a platinum rating by
LEED and a 5-star rating by The Energy and Research Institute’s GRIHA (Green Rating for
Integrated Habitat Assessment). The building uses Geo-thermal heat exchange system to reduce
the power required to run air conditioners and recycles all its water thereby reducing water
demand by over 50 per cent.

PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING

Passive systems, material and climate according to the data from natural sources effectively
taking advantage of the structure can be explained as he is active. As their energy
performance of passive system of buildings and building mechanical and electrical and electronic
systems, energy efficiency, the building is directly related to the architectural design for the
parameters. Within these parameters, the most important are the location of the building,
according to other building location, direction, form and building shell can be considered. In the
building's energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, leveraging enough passive systems,
without the use of any mechanical and electrical system components can be evaluated as a layout
created with.

Passive systems that can be granted to the first example, in 1982, the National Commercial Bank
in Jeddah is the building. Building the triangle plan schema on atrium and sky-garden fields. The
outer façade of stone, while the Tiger sky overlooking the courtyard facades covered with glass.
The effect of the chimney a vertical layout of the courtyard the sky by creating air movement and
heat in the Interior of the building is 10 ° C, reducing cooling costs up to provide.

The third example is Commerzbank Headquarters building which was built in Frankfurt (Figure
3). Tower is shaped as a 60-metre (197 ft) wide rounded equilateral triangle with a central,
triangular atrium. At nine different levels, the atrium opens up to one of the three sides, forming
large sky gardens. These open areas allow more natural light in the building, reducing the need
for artificial lighting. At the same time it ensures offices in the building's two other sides have a
view of either the city or the garden.natural lighting and ventilation of the building allows to.
80% of the building natural ventilation provides energy savings up to 30%.

The second example, Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur Menara Mesiniaga building (Figure 2).
designed by T.r. Hamzah and Ken Yeang; According to the orbit of the Sun by placing them in
natural light and passive heating – cooling is intended to achieve. The concept of a vertical
landscape in the design of the building, the first floor of the building and, on the side of the
building to the top of the building along with the rotating sky courtyard continues up.

ACTIVE SYSTEMS IN HIGHT-RISE BUILDING

Active systems, the energy expended during the use of photovoltaic panels, solar electric motors
collector, water purification systems, wind turbines, etc, can be defined as the use of production
and with systems. Active systems, architectural design, as long as the device has been involved in
during the building's form and passive design building systems that guide the planning of
integrated work and increasing the maximum levels of the energy to be obtained for the design
target.

There is some famous Examples include Wind turbines in design of buildings, like Bahrain
World Trade Center the Pearl River Tower the Lighthouse Towerand Strata SE 1. Solar energy
It is possible to produce heat and electrical energy in Building with using solar energy, such
equipment like solar collectors, photovoltaic (PV) panels and building integrated PV (BIPV)
could help us in in this context. The potential implementation of PV panel in high-rise structure is
more high than low level buildings; because as the neighboring buildings higher, is more than the
ability to direct solar radiation. PV is the most important issue regarding the use of the structures
aesthetics and high efficiency to receive a large amount of PV panel arrangement of necessity.
• THIS IS A PROJECT OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW OFFICE BUILDING AT NEW DELHI.
• THE BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT IS TO MAKE THE NET ZERO
ENERGY GREEN BUILDING.
• PLOT AREA:9565sq m
• MAXIMUM GROUND COVERAGE:30%
• F.A.R: 200
• HEIGHT : 35m
• Built-up area : 3,1400 m2
• , (18726 m2 – superstructure & 12675 m2
• - Basement)
• Year of completion : 2013

ACHIEVEMENTS:
• 40% SAVINGS IN ENERGY
• ZERO ELECTRICITY BILLING
• 55% SAVINGS IN WATER
• ZERO NET DISHARGE
• LARGEST ROOF TOP SOLAR POWER SYSTEM IN ANY MULTISTOREYED
BUILDING (930KWP)
• FIRST IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR TARGETED FOR BOTH RATINGS OF GREEN
BUILDING (5STAR GRIHA LEED India PLATINUM)
INTRODUCTION
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, the new office building for Ministry of Environment and Forest
(MoEF) sets is a radical change from a conventional building design.
The project team put special emphasis on strategies for reducing energy demand by providing
adequate natural light, shading, landscape to reduce ambient temperature, and energy efficient
active building systems. Several energy conservation measures were adopted to reduce the energy
loads of the building and the remaining demand was met by producing energy from on-site
installed high efficiency solar panels to achieve net zero criteria. Indira Paryavaran Bhawan uses
70% less energy compared a conventional building. The project adopted green building concepts
including conservation and optimization of water by recyclingwaste water from the site.
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan is now India’s highest green rated building. The project has received
GRIHA 5 Star and LEED Platinum. The building has already won awards such as the
Adarsh/GRIHA of MNRE for exemplary demonstration of Integration of Renewable Energy
Technologies.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

 Building form wrapped around a pedestrian-friendly shaded green open courtyard
 A continuous green axis from front of site across the atrium.
 Eco park within the courtyard shall contain a self sustaining low.
 Large openings in building form on South and North sides.
 Conservation of natural soil and trees.
 Orientation of building has been planned reduce ingress of solar radiation.
 Large openings North and South faces.
 Green areas have been developed on smaller terraces.
 Shaded landscape areas to reduce ambient temperature.
 Provision of barrier free access .
 Surrounding open area parking free by providing adequate parking in the basement.
 The façade has been designed to receive 70% of natural daylight.
  Shading devices East, West and South to take care of the solar radiations especially in
summer.
 On the Southern side of the building terraces have been created to take the winter sun
Barrier free access to differently-abled persons. Automated parking in three level
basements

BUILDING PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES

Reduce landscape water requirement-
•Drip irrigation
•Use of native species of shrubs and trees having low water demand in landscaping
•Low lawn area so as to reduce water demand.
•Reuse of treated water for irrigation
Reduce water use in the building-
•Low discharge fixtures
•Dual Flushing cistern
•Waste water treatment
•Reuse of treated water for irrigation and cooling towers for HVAC
•Rain water harvesting Efficient water use during construction-
•Use of curing compound

Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand.-

• ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHT FITTINGS TO REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND
• PART CONDENSER WATER HEAT REJECTION BY GEOTHERMAL MECHANISM.
THIS WILL ALSO
HELP IN WATER CONSERVATION IN COOLING TOWERS FOR HVAC SYSTEM
• VARIABLE CHILLED WATER PUMPING SYSTEM THROUGH VFD.VFD ON COOLING
TOWERS
FANS AND AHU.
• PRE COOLING OF FRESH AIR FROM TOILET EXHAUST AIR THROUGH SENSIBLE &
LATENT
HEAT ENERGY RECOVERY WHEEL
• ENTIRE HOT WATER GENERATION THROUGH SOLAR PANELS.
• MAXIMUM DAYLIGHTING
• REGENERATIVE LIFTS.
• USE OF LUX LEVEL SENSOR TO OPTIMIZE OPERATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING.
• SOLAR POWERED EXTERNAL LIGHTING.

MATERIALS
•Stone available in nearby area for flooring
•Terrazzo flooring with locally available stone materials.
•Fly ash brick.
•AAC blocks.
•Jute bamboo composite for door frames & shutters.
•UPVC windows with hermetically sealed double using low heat transmittance index glass.
•Use of high reflectance terrace tiles for low heat ingress.
•Avoided aluminum as it has high embedded energy
•Sandstone Jalis.
• Stone and Ferrocement Jalis
•Bamboo Jute Composite Doors and frames & flooring
• High Efficiency Glass, high VLT, low SHGC & Low U-value,
•Optimized by shading
• Light Shelves for bringing in diffused sunlight
•Use of material available having Recycled content
GEOTHERMAL HEAT EXCHANGE
AT SITE:
• There are 180 vertical bores at the Depth of 80 meter all along the Building Premises.
Minimum 3 meter distance is maintained between any two bores.
• Each bore is lowered with HDPE pipe U-loop (32mm outer Dia.) and grouted with Bentonite
Slurry.
• Each U-Loop is connected to MS Header Pipe(100mm Dia.)which finally joins the Condenser
Water Line in Plant Room.
• Condenser hot water is sent at 100°F (37.8° C) & back at 900 F (32.2° C).
• One U-Loop has 0.9 TR Heat Rejection capacity, so all together 160 TR of Heat rejection is
obtained without using a cooling tower.
• Enormous water saving since no make up water is required.
• Make up water pumping & treatment cost get eliminated.
• Saves cooling tower fan energy.

Indira Paryavaran Bhawan

Ministry of Environment and Forest
PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Orientation: Building is north south oriented, with separate blocks connected through corridors
and a huge central court yard. Orientation minimizes heat ingress. Optimal window to wall ratio.
Landscaping: More than 50% area outside the building is covered with plantation. Circulation
roads and pathways are soft paved to enable ground water recharge.
Daylighting: 75% of building floor space is day lit, thus reducing dependence on artificial
sources for lighting. Inner courtyard serves as a light well.
Ventilation: Central courtyard helps in air movement as natural ventilation happens due to stack
effect. Windows and jaalis add to cross ventilation.
Building Envelope and Fenestration:
Optimized Building Envelope – Window assembly (U-Value 0.049 W/m2K),VLT 0.59, SHGC
0.32
uPVC windows with hermetically sealed double glazed using low heat transmittance index glass
Rock wool insulation
High efficiency glass
Cool roofs: Use of high reflectance terrace tiles for heat ingress, high strength, hard wearing.
Materials and construction techniques
AAC blocks with fly ash
Fly ash based plaster & mortar
Stone and Ferro cement jaalis
Local stone flooring
Bamboo jute composite doors, frames and flooring
High efficiency glass, high VLT, low SHGC & Low U-value, optimized by appropriate shading
Light shelves for diffused sunlight

Indira Paryavaran Bhawan

Ministry of Environment and Forest
ACTIVE STRATEGIES
Lighting Design
Energy efficient lighting system ( LPD = 5 W/m2) , nearly 50% more efficient than Energy
Conservation Building Code 2007 requirements ( LPD = 11 W/m2) reduces energy demand
further.
Remaining lighting load supplied by building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV).
Use of energy efficient lighting fixtures (T5 lamps).
Use of lux level sensor to optimize operation of artificial lighting.
Optimized Energy Systems / HVAC system
Chilled beam system/ VFD/ Screw Chillers
160 TR of air conditioning load of the building is met through Chilled beam system. Chilled
beam are used from second to sixth floor. This reduces energy use by 50 % compared to a
conventional system.
HVAC load of the buildings is 40 m2/TR, about 50% more efficient than ECBC requirements (20
m2/TR)
Chilled water is supplied at 16° C and return temperature is 20° C.
Drain pans are provided with the chilled beams to drain out water droplets due to condensation
during monsoon.
Water cooled chillers, double skin air handling units with variable frequency drivers(VFD)
Chilled beams save AHU/FCU fan power consumption by approximate 50 kW.
VFDs provided in chilled water pumping system, cooling tower fans and AHUs.
Fresh supply air is pre cooled from toilet exhaust air through sensible & latent heat energy
recovery wheel.
Control of HVAC equipment & monitoring of all systems through integrated building
management system.
Functional zoning to reduce air conditioning loads.
Room temperature is maintained at 26 ±1 ° C
Geothermal heat exchange system
There are 180 vertical bores to the depth of 80 meter all along the building premises. Minimum 3
meter distance is maintained between any two bores.
Each bore has HDPE pipe U-loop (32mm outer diameter) and grouted with Bentonite Slurry.
Each U-Loop is connected to the condenser water pipe system in the central air conditioning
plant room.
One U-Loop has 0.9 TR heat rejection capacity. Combined together, 160 TR of heat rejection is
obtained without using a cooling tower.