Survey Report 2019

EXTENSIVE SURVEY 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction, which accompanies the successful completion of any task, would be
incomplete without the expression of gratitude to the people who made it possible. Because
the success is the epitome of hard work, perseverance, undeterred missionary zeal,
determination and encouraging guidance and advice serving as beacon light crowning our
effort with success.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to this great institution GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE HASSAN, which provided us an opportunity in fulfilling our
most, cherished desire of reaching our goal.
We express our sincere thanks to our beloved principal Dr. Ravishankar for his kind
co-operation during the project work.
We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. S. Prashanth, Head of
Department, Department of Civil Engineering, for his help and encouragement.
From the depths of our hearts, we would like to express our gratitude to our camp
officer. Mr. Premanand Kambar Asst.Prof. Department of Civil Engineering.
We express our sincere thanks to our project guides Mr.Devanand.R and
Mr.Raghu.K Asst. Prof. department of Civil Engineering for ‘Water Supply and Sanitation’
project.Mr. VijayKumar and Mr. Chethan.B. A. Asst. Prof. Department of Civil
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

Page 1
Engineering for Highway projectMr. Harsha.H. N andMr. Amar.R Asst. Prof Department
of Civil Engineering for ‘New Tank Project’, and Dr. BasavarajSimpiAsst. Prof.
Department of Civil Engineering. Constant encouragement given by the faculty of Civil
Engineering department helped us at every stage without which, we would not have reached
our goals. Their enthusiasm, zeal and thought-provoking ideas gave shape to the project work
and made it a success. We also thank Mr. Deepak the Survey instructor who supported us in
all aspects to complete this project successfully.
Words are not enough to express our feelings towards our parents and classmates, as
they have always been the constant source of moral encouragement and we thank to Sri Sri
Muppinarya Maha Samsthana matta-beerankere, Shimoga District to making the camp
success.
Last but not the least we thank all those who are directly or indirectly responsible for
making the camp and report a great success.

Page 2
CONTENT
1.0 . NEW TANK PROJECT
1.1.INTRODUCION
1.2DETAILS OF PROJECT
1.3TANK IRRIGATION
1.4 NECESSITY OF NEW TANK
1.5COMPONENTS OF NEW TANK
1.6IRRIGATION PROJECT PLANNING
1.7STORAGE CAPACITY OF THE TANK
1.8RESERVOIR
1.9CLASSFICATION OF RESERVOIR
1.10STORAGE ZONES IN RESERVOIR
1.11EARTHERN DAM
1.12INVESTIGATION FOR NEW TANK PROJECT
1.13.RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
1.14.FACTORS CONSIDER IN SELECTION OF SITE FOR EARTHEN DAM
1.15.DETAILED SURVEY WORK CARRIED OUT FOR PROJECT
1.16.CALCULATION FOR YIELD AT SITE
1.17. DETERMINATION OF IRRIGATION AREA
1.16. CANAL EARTHWORK ESTIMATION
1.18. DESIGN OF A CANAL
1.19.CAPACITY CONTOUR
Page 3
1.20.EARTH WORK CALCULATION
1.21.REFERENCE
CONTENT
2.0 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROJECT
2.1INTRODUCTION
2.2 STUDY AREA
2.3 DETAILS OF SURVEYING
2.4 POPULATION FORECASTING
2.5 QUANTITY OF WATER
2.6 DESIGN OF PUMPS
2.7 EARTH WORK CALCULATION.
2.8 REFERENCE

Page 4
CONTENT
3.0. HIGHWAY PROJECT
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. SITE APPRAISAL
3.3. FIELD STUDY
3.4. LEVELLING
3.5. SOIL INVESTIGATION
3.6. COLLECTION OF TRAFFIC DATA
3.7. COLLECTION OF METTROLOGICAL DATA
3.8. COLLECTION OF POPULLATION DATA
3.9. FIELD WORK
3.10 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
3.11. STOPING SIGHT DISTANCE AND OVER TAKING SIGHT DISTANCE
3.12. PAVEMENT DESIGN ASPECTS
3.13. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN
3.14. DESIGN OF DRAINS
3.15. CURVE CALCULATION DETAILS
3.16. SUPER ELEVATION
3.17. EXTRAWIDENING OF PAVEMENT ON CURVE

Page 5
3.18. EARTHWORK CALCULATION
3.19. REFERENCE

Page 6
1.0.NEWTANK PROJECT
1.1. INTRODUTION
Irrigation is the process of supplying water to land by artificial means for cultivation purpose
in accordance with the “crop requirements” throughout the “crop period” for full-fledged
nourishment of the crops.
It is an engineering of controlling and harvesting the various natural resources of water by the
construction of dams and various reservoirs and finally distributing the water to the
agricultural fields.
 ABSTRACT
Irrigation is the application of water to soil to supplement deficient rainfall to provide
moisture for plant growth. The first use of irrigation by primitive man is lost in the shadow of
time but is must have marked an important step forward in the works in the Nile Valley built
around 3000 B.C play an important part in Egyptian agriculture.
During the 19th century the construction of a large projects in India, Egypt, Pakistan and
United states increase the world’s irrigated area from 20 to100 million areas (8 to 40 million
hectares). Today the estimated irrigated area in the world exceeds 400 million acres (160
million hectares)
A water supply, irrigation or hydroelectric project, drawing water directly from a stream may
be unable to satisfy the demands of its consumers during low flows. These streams, which
may carry little or no water during portion of the year, often becomes a ragging torrent after
heavy rains and hazards to all activities along its banks. A storage or conservations reservoir
can retain such excess water from periods of high flow for use during periods of drought. In
addition to conserving water for later use, the storage of floodwater may also reduce flood
damage downstream of the reservoir. Because of varying rate of damage for water during the
day, many cities find it necessary to provide distribution reservoir within their water supply

Page 7
system. Such reservoir permit water treatment or pumping plants or operate at a reasonable
uniform rate and provide water from the storage when the demand exceeds this rate. On
forms or ranches, stock tanks or form ponds may conserve the intermittent flow from small
creeks for useful purpose.
Whatever the size of reservoir or the Ultimate use of water, the main function of reservoir is
to stabilize the flow of water, either by regulating a varying flow in a natural stream or
satisfying a varying demand by the ultimate consumers.
1.2. DETAILS OF PROJECT
1.2.1. Details of site:
Place of Project - Beeranakere
Distance from Shimoga -15 km
Nature of the Project - New Tank Project
Type of bund - Earthen bund with Homogeneous soil.
1.2.2.Details of storage Reservoir:
Catchment area of tank - 2.8sq km
Area Irrigated - 88.26 hectares
Proposed crop pattern - wet crops& vegetables
AVG. annual Rainfall - 106.6 cm

Page 8
1.2.3. Detail of bund:
Type of Bund - Homogeneous type earthen dam
Length of Bund - 164.80m
Top Level of Bund - 99.94m
Maximum height of Bund - 11.005m
Maximum Water Level (MWL) - 98.940m
Full Tank Level (FTL) - 98.44m
Dead Storage Level (DSL) - 90.035m
Lowest Bed Level (LBL) - 88.935m
Sluice Level - 91.535m
Top Width of Bund - 2m
Upstream Slope - 1.5:1
Downstream Slope - 2:1
Rock Toe - Provided at downstream side
U/s pitching - 50 cm thick stone revetment over
- 20 cm thick gravel backing.
1.2.4. Details of main channel:
Channel off taking RL - 91.535m

Page 9
Longitudinal Gradient provided -1:1000
Bottom width of Channel - 2m
Depth of water -1m
Side slopes - 1:1
Free Board - 0.15 m
Canal Length Surveyed - 210m
1.3.TANK IRRIGATION
Tank irrigation may be defined as the storage irrigation scheme, which utilises the water
stored on the pump on the up-stream, side of the smaller earthen dam called bund.
There is no technical difference between a reservoir and a tank, except that a large sized tank
will be termed as a reservoir. Moreover, a reservoir will generally be formed by dams of any
material masonry, concrete or earth,etc. Whereas tank is generally said to be formed by earth
dams only. These earthen bunds spanning across streams are called as tank bunds.
Tank bunds are generally provided with sluices or outlets for discharging water from tank for
irrigation or other purposes. These tanks are provided with arrangements for spilling away
the excess surplus water.
Canal is an artificial channel generally trapezoidal in shape constructed on the ground to

carry the water to field either from the river or from the tank of the reservoir.Canal is
provided with slope less than stream gradient and is always higher than stream level.
Therefore, water in canal is flown by gravity to the down-stream areas.
Primarily all the irrigation structures are developed and built to cater to the needs of

Page 10
1. Irrigation
2. Water supply
3. Recharging of ground resources
4. Flood mitigation
5. Drought relief measures
6. Community
1.4.NECESSITY OF NEW TANK
India is basically an agricultural country and all its resources depend upon the agricultural
out-flow. Water is evidently most vital element in plant life. Water is normally supplied to
plants by nature through rains.
However, the total rainfall in a particular area may be either in-sufficient or ill-timed.
In order to get maximum yield, it is essential to supply the optimum quantity of water and to
maintain correct timing of water.Thisis possible only through a systematic irrigation system
that is by collecting the water during the periods of excess rainfall and releasing it to the crop
as and when it is needed.
Thus, necessity of irrigation can be summarised in following points
1. Less rainfall
2. Non-uniform rainfall
3. Growing perennial crops
4. Growing number of crops in year
5. Commercial crop with additional water
6. Controlled water supply

Page 11
1.5 COMPONENTS OF NEW TANK
WEIR: -The Weir is a solid obstruction put across the river to raise the water level and divert
the water into a Canal. If a weir also stores water for Tiding over small periods of short
supplies, it is called as Storage Weir. The main difference between a weir and a dam is only
in height and duration for which the supply is stored. The weir is a concrete or a masonry
structure placed in an open channel over which the flow occurs. Weir is also used to measure
the discharge in open channels.
SLUICE: -Sluice is an opening or small outlet which is provided within the dam, spillway,
embankment etc; to discharge the Silt or sediments collected at the bottom of the obstruction
during floods. There are generally provided at the place where the R.L is lesser. Normally it
is provided at the “Minimum pool level”. Minimum pool level is the lowest elevation to
which the water in the reservoir is to be drawn under ordinary operation conditions.
EARTHEN DAMS OR EMBANKMENT: -
The earth dams are made of locally available materials such as, soil, gravel etc; and therefore,
they are most common types of dams used up to moderate heights. There are composed of
fragmented materials, which maintain their individual identity. Their construction involves
utilization of materials in the natural state requiring a minimum of processing. With the
advanced knowledge of soil equipment these dams are now becoming more common, even
for higher heights. The foundation requirements of earth dams are less stringent than other
types.
CORE WALL: -

Page 12
It is an important layer surrounded by earth or rock fill made of impervious soils, concrete,
steel, timber or any other materials. It acts as a water barrier to prevent seepage through the
dam. It may be placed either at the centre or at the upstream face as a blanket.
CAPACITY CONTOUR: -
Whatever be the size or use of reservoir, the main function of a reservoir is to store water and
thus to stabilize the flow of water. Therefore, the most important physical characteristics of a
reservoir are nothing but its storage capacity. The capacity of reservoir on dam sites, is
determined from the contour maps of the area namely Capacity Contour. A topographical
survey of dam is carried out, and a contour map is drawn. The area enclosed within each
contour can be measured with a plan meter.
1.6.IRRIGATIONPROJECT PLANNING
In order to minimize the benefits from any irrigation project it is essential to adopt the
concept of total and comprehensive planning which involves the consolidation of all the
aspects of the project. Broadly, the various aspects of a project may be divided into following
three groups.
 Engineering aspects
 Agricultural aspects
 Management aspects
 Engineering aspects
The engineering aspects for an irrigation projects involves the development of a source of
water for irrigation and arrangement for the conveyance of water from the source right up to
the agricultural fields.

Page 13
The development of source of water constitutes the first phase of an irrigation project. The
water for irrigation may be derived from the source such as river, lakes, tanks, etc. It may
also be derived from the ground water storage known as Ground water. The second phase of
an irrigation project, the development of the system for conveyance of water from storage
reservoir to the agricultural fields, a network of irrigation canals, branch canals, major and
minor distributaries are constructed.
 Agricultural aspects
The agricultural aspects of an irrigation projects, involves the timely and systematic
application of irrigation water to the agricultural fields choosing a suitable irrigation method.
 Management aspects
The management of an irrigation project deals with the essential implementation and efficient
management of both the engineering as well as the agricultural aspects of the project.
1.7.STORAGE CAPACITY OF THE TANK
If the tank has one irrigation sluice, then the storage capacity of the tank is the volume of
water it can hold between the lowest sluice level and the full tank level.
If the tank has more capacity below the lowest sill of the sluice, the water stored below that
level is useful in trapping silt during years of operation. Once this dead capacity of the tank is
completely filled up with silt, then further silting of the tank will encroach the useful storage
of the tank. So it is always better to leave a sufficient dead storage while proposing the tanks.

Page 14
After fixing the alignment of the tank bund, the contour is to be plotted at certain intervals.
The areas of the successive contours are then determined. From these areas and contours
intervals, the capacity of the tank at various contours is determined.
1.8. RESERVOIRS
When a barrier is constructed across flowing water then the water gets stored on the upstream
side of the barrier and is called a reservoir. Water is stored in the reservoir during the rainy
season and can be utilized throughout the year for many purpose like irrigation, water supply,
navigation, hydroelectric generation.
1.9.CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIR.
Specified below are reservoirs classified according to the purpose it caters
 Storage or conservative reservoirs

This is constructed for irrigation, water supply, hydroelectric generation. Water during peak
flow is stored and released gradually during low flow and when the need arises.
 Flood control or flood mitigation reservoirs

This reservoir is built to protect the downstream from flood. The entire inflow is discharged
till the outlet reaches the capacity of the downstream side.
 Distribution reservoirs
It is built in the city to supply water for the people in the city. This can be filled by pumping
water and can be used to supply water even at higher rate than the inflow rate during the
maximum demand in the city water supply.
1.10.STORAGEZONES IN THE RESERVOIRS

Page 15
1.10.1.Dead storage:
It is the volume of the water stored below minimum pool level. It is not used in reservoir
operation.
1.10.2.Valley storage:
It is the water stored in the stream channel before the construction of the dam.
1.10.3.Upstream side & Downstream side:

The side of the dam on which water is stored is called upstream side and the other side which
is away from the water face is called downstream side.
1.10.4.Surcharge storage:
This is the uncontrolled storage which is given by the volume of the surcharge storage
between normal and maximum pool level.
1.10.5.Bank storage:
It is the volume of water controlled only in the permeable reservoir bank. This can be used
when the reservoir is depleted. The amount of water depends on the type of geological
formation.
1.10.6.Minimum pool level:

It is the lowest water surface for irrigation that has to be kept under normal operation. It is
kept equal to elevation of the lowest outlet of sluice or minimum head of turbine.
1.10.7.Full tank level:
It is the maximum elevation to which water surface will rise during normal operating
condition.

Page 16
1.10.8.Maximum water level:

This is the maximum level up to which water rises during floods is known as maximum water
level (MWL).
1.10.9.Catchment yield:
The total yearly run off expressed as volume of water entering the outlet point of catchment.
1.10.10.Reservoir yield:
This is the amount of water that can be drawn from the reservoir in a specified time interval.
It depends on the catchment yield and reservoir losses like evaporation and leakage.
1.11.EARTHEN DAM:
Earthen dams are built of locally available soils and gravels with less skilled labours and
hence they are cheaper in nature. They can be constructed on earthen foundations but fail
easily compared to rigid dams.
If the properties of the soil used in the dams are properly controlled then this dam can be
designed with a fair accuracy. Continuous field observations regarding the pore water
pressures and deformations are to be made during constructions and design should be
modified according to them.
1.12. INVESTIGATIONFOR NEW TANK PROJECT
The design of every dam starts with the throw investigation of selecting a suitable site for the
construction. The investigation preciseness depends on the size of the project involved.

Page 17
1.13. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY AND PRELIMINARY

INVESTIGATION
Geological Survey of India is an official agency to survey the entire country. GSI has
prepared the topo-sheet by dividing land in to number of segments. These sheets are used to
identify proper locations for construction dams for power/irrigation purposes. A
reconnaissance survey has to be conducted to locate the site for the tank and then to fix up the
bund-line.
The following points to be observed while selecting the site and to fix the bund-line.
The length of the bund line should be minimum.

Water she area shall be broad-leafed shape.
Storage shall be maximum and the area of submersion is minimum.
By keeping the above points in to consideration, a tentative straight centre line was fixed to a
length of 130.00m. A detailed survey of the area was carried out after this investigation.
1.14. FACTORSCONSIDERED IN SELECTION OF SITE FOR
EARTHERN DAM
Following are the factors considered for the selection of earthen dam
Reservoir basin should have deep narrow opening in the valley so that the length of the dam
is minimum
Geological formation for the reservoir banks such that there is minimum leakage.
The site should have adequate capacity to store water, so a valley profile is usually preferred.
The site should be such that deep reservoirs can be formed since it has merits of lower land
cost per unit capacity, less evaporation losses and lesser weed growth.

Page 18
Too much silt laden tributaries must be avoided.
Cost for the proposed dam.
1.15.0 DETAILED SURVEY WORK CARRIED OUT FOR THE

PROJECT
1.15.1. INSTRUMENT USED IN THE SURVEY:
1) Auto-level
2) Prismatic Compass
3) Cross staff
4) Chain
5) Tape
6) Arrows and pegs
7) Ranging rod
8) And accessories
1.15.2. FLY LEVELLING
Fly levelling was carried out from a temporary benchmark [TBM] that was set up on the
causeway during the reconnaissance survey. Fly levelling was carried from the TBM reading
100.000m to Flag A on the central line of the proposed bund. Base of the flag A was now
assumed as a new TBM with an R.L. of 105.770m, for ease of use.

Page 19
1.15.3. LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND CROSS SECTION OF THE
BUND
Cross sectioning was carried out at every 15m chain interval & perpendicular offset on left
and right side of the central line at 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m & 30m.
1.15.4.PROCEDURE OF THE NEW TANK SURVEY:
 Chain was laid on the central line on the ground surface.

 Compass and ranging rods were used to keep the alignment in straight line.
 R.L. of points was taken by setting up Auto-level at a suitable distance.
 Pegs were driven at 15mchainage intervals.
 Simultaneously 5m, 10m, and 15m chain age intervals were marked at every 15m
chainage points, perpendicular to center line or both side using cross staff.
 R.L. of these points was taken to compile the profile for cross section of the bund.
1.15.5.WASTE WEIR
Waste weirs are constructed to discharge excess of water during floods. Usually weir consists
of a horizontal solid apron and a masonry crest wall with vertical or nearly vertical
downstream face. Shutters may also be provided over the body wall which may be dropped
down during floods so as to reduce the afflux.
1.15.6. CANAL ALIGNMENT
Canal is constructed to convey water either for irrigation purpose or for water supply. It is
constructed in such a way that its section is partly in cutting and partly in filling so as to
achieve the balance depth.

Page 20
Points specified blow were kept in view while aligning the canal.
 The water stored in the tank has to flow through the canal for the irrigating the
commended area.
 The slope to be provided should be such that the water shall flow with non-scouring
and non-silting velocity.
 The nature of soil is to be taken in to account to fix the gradient of the canal. Cross
drainage works shall be low as far as possible.
 Procedure for survey:

1. Fly levelling was carried out from T.B.M and R.L was located on the central line of the
bund.
2. Chain was laid on the ground perpendicular to central line of the bund and intervals were
marked on the ground using pegs.
3. Ranging was mainly done using ranging rods.
4. Using compass readings were taken on the canal alignment.
5. Auto-level station was set up and R.L was calculated.
6. The alignment was carried out to a distance of 330m
1.15.7. CAPACITY CONTOURS
This was necessary to find out the amount of water that can be safely stored in the basin.
Since the basin is huge, the best method of contouring was adopted as direct contouring.
 Procedure of the survey:

1.Plane table was setup near the centre line of the bund near to flag B.

Page 21
2. Auto-level was stationed next to plane table not for further away than 2 meters.
3. With the help of Auto-level and staff, the required points were located.
4. These points were transferred to the sheet using plane table.
5. Tachometry was used in the calculation of distance.
6. Plane table and the Auto-level were shifted when basin was out of visibility.
7. If the plane table is shifted, it is re-oriented to the previous point before continuing the
work.
8. The basin was traversed till it reached back the central line.
9. Area and the volume of the basin was calculated later on.
1.15.8. SLUICE TANK
To draw the water from tanks or reservoir and in order to supply it to distributary or main
canal, openings are to be made in the body of the earthen bunds. These openings may be in
the form of culverts or a pipe running through the body of the earthen bund. At the entrance
of openings suitable approach channel are to be made with the help of wing walls.
1.16. CALCULATION FOR YEILD AT SITE
*Let the catchment area of the proposed new tank as determined as 11.75 sq. km
*The rainfall of a bad year is always taken as 2/3 of mean amount of rainfall as 106.6 cm
*Average rainfall for Beeranakere area from metrological department data is 106.6 cm

Page 22
*Bad year rainfall is 2/3 of 106 is 71.06cm
*Run-off co-efficient is usually assumed as 15% to 20%
*Assuming as 20%,
* Annual yield = (20/100)×71.06=14.21 cm
*Yield from the catchment = (14.212/100)×11.75× 106
=1.66×106 CUM/YEARS
1.17. DETERMINATION OF IRRIGATION AREA
*The yield of catchment has been found to be 1.66×106 cum per year
*Assume 10% of evaporation loss and 15% conveyance loss
.’. Total loss is 25% of the reservoir capacity
*volume of water available for irrigation is (75/100)×1.66×106=1.25×106 cum
*Assuming an average duty of 200 hectare million cusecs for mixed crop pattern
*Area that can be irrigated =(1.25×106/106)×200=250 hectare
*It is assumed that reservoir get filled once annual.

Page 23
1.18. DESIGN OF A CANAL SECTION
 DSIGNE OF CHANNEL USING ‘LACEY’S SILT THEORY’

*Taking average duty for mixed crop pattern as 200 hectares/comics
*Discharge, Q= area/duty
= 250/200
= 1.25 m3/s
*Lacey’s silt factor, f =1
*Velocity of channel. V= (Q×f2/140)1/6
= (1.25×12/140)1/6
=0.45 m/s
*Area of flow, A=Q/V=1.25/.45
.’. A=2.75 m2
*Considering trapezoidal section of base 2m, and side slope of 1:1
We know that,
A=BD+D2/2
2.75=2D+0.5D2
By solving above equation, D=1

Page 24
*Assuming free board of 0.5 m
*Total depth of canal = 1.5 m
1.19. CAPACITY CONTOUR
CALCULATION OF STORAGE VOLUME OF RESERVOIR

CONTOUR AREA IN AVERAGE CONTOUR VOLUME
RLIN ‘m’ ‘m2’ AREA IN INTERVAL IN IN ‘m3’
‘m2’ ‘m’
96.000 1600.49 - 0 -
95.000 1241.08 1420.785 1 1420.785
94.000 1355.86 1298.47 1 1298.47
93.000 962.95 1159.405 1 1159.405
92.000 1220.87 1091.91 1 1091.91
91.000 890.4 1055.635 1 1055.635
90.000 179.3 534.85 1 534.85
TOTAL 6561.055
1.20. EARTH WORK CALCULATIONS
VOLUME OF EARTH WORK OF BUND
CHAINAGE IN DISTANCE AREA AVERAGE AREA VOLUME

Page 25
‘m’ IN ‘m’ IN ‘m2’ IN ‘m2’ IN ‘m3’
0 0 - 0 0
30 30 99.75 49.87 1496.10
60 30 233.75 166.75 5002.5
90 30 185.86 209.805 6294.15
120 30 53.75 119.805 3594.15
150 30 15.93 34.84 1045.20
164.80 14.80 - 7.965 238.95
17671.04𝒎𝟑
TOTAL VOLUME =

Page 26
CANAL EARTH WORK CALCULATION: -
CHAINAGE DISTANCE AREA IN AVARAG CUM

IN M IN M M2 E AREA VOLUME IN
IN M3 M3
CUT FILL CUT FILL CUT FILL
0 0 0 34.56 - - -
30 30 0 40.01 0 37.01 0 1110.3
60 30 0 38.11 0 43.685 0 1310.55
90 30 0 36.3 0 41.595 0 1247.85
120 30 0 25.88 0 30.985 0 929.55
150 30 0 37.56 0 31.585 0 947.55
180 30 0 36.395 0 36.395 0 1091.85
210 30 0 34.6 0 35.497 0 1064.91
TOTAL VOLUME OF CUTTING AND FILLING 0 7702.56

Page 27
 INFERENCE:
New tank project involves constructing a tank or bund to store the water and stored water is
utilized by proper manner when the requirement arises.
1.21. REFERENCE:
1. B C Punmia and Pande Lal, ‘Irrigation and water power engineering’.
2. S K Garg ‘Irrigation engineering and hydraulics structure’.

Page 28
2.0WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROJECT
2.1. INTRODUCTION
Next to air the other important requirement for human life to exist is water. Water is
available in various forms such has rivers, lakes, streams etc. All ancient civilizations
flourished along the banks of rivers, since water was available in plenty, that could be
effectively used for domestic and irrigation purpose. With the advancement of civilization,
the utility of water has greatly increased and now such a stage has come, that without well-
organized public water supply schemes it is impossible to run the present civil life and
development of towns.
After the water that has been made available from well-laid and properly executed water
supply project has been consumed, it has to be suitably disposed of. The other wastes from
the society are also to be carried and disposed of at suitable places so as protect the public
health. Thus, the end of water supply scheme, in a sense is the starting point of sanitary
project.
Thus ‘protected water supply and well-organized sewage system’ forms the basis for
public health engineering.
2.2. STUDY AREA
‘Beeranakere’ is a place of worship, which is located in Shivamogga district,

located about 10km from Shivamogga H.Q. It has an ashram called as “Sri
SriSriMuppinaryaMahaSamsthana”, so called ‘HiraniMatha0’. It is a pilgrimage centre
and large of devotes has been increasing year by year.
As a pilgrim centre his place is gaining importance day by day, but it is facing the
problem of shortage of water. In order to improve the standard of living of the dwellers of

Page 29
this place a planned water supply and sanitary project is very much essential. Thus, for
designing the project population forecasting is done and project is executed for a design
period of 30 years.
2.3. DETAILS OF SURVEYING
INSTRUMENTS USED:
 Dumpy level and its stand

 Compass with its tripod
 Tape and chain
 Leveling staff
 Ranging rods and arrows.
The different types of surveying performed are,
 Reconnaissance survey
 Leveling for obtaining longitudinal section along proposed pipe line
 Block leveling at Water treatment plant(WTP) and Sanitary treatment plant(STP)
 Reconnaissance survey: -
In this survey, the various parts of the ‘Beeranakere village’ is visited and the sites
for water treatment plant and sewage treatment plant is decided and also the path of pipe lines
is designed. Normally, water treatment plant is situated at a higher elevation so as to supply
or distribute the water through gravity flow. Sewage treatment plant is placed outside the
village at relatively lower elevation as the sewage flow is through gravity only.
The water distribution system and sewage collection network normally run along the either
sides of the road. But in this village as the size of road i.e. the width of the shoulder is less,
both water supply line and sewage collection line are made to run along on one side of the

Page 30
road with water supply line being at top, in order to avoid contamination if there is any
leakage. Along with this, the information regarding population, existing water supply
schemes is collected.
 Leveling: -
Levelling is a branch of surveying, the object of which is
1. To find the elevations of given points with respect to given or assumed datum
2. To establish points at given elevation or at different elevations with respect to a given
or assumed datum.
Levelling deals with measurement in vertical plane.
Here, levelling is carried out from water treatment plant to sewage treatment plant through the
proposed network.
Levelling is started from the established T.B.M. Here levels are taken at every interval of 15m
interval.
 Block leveling: -
Block levelling is carried out to the elevation and depression at a particular area. It is
done at WTP and STP sites. It is taken in 5m intervals and contours are drawn based on the
number of contour lines required by interpolation method.
2.4. POPULATION FORECASTING
Population forecasting is the one of the aspects involved in design of water supply project
and sanitation project. The population of a town depends upon factors like births, deaths,
migration etc.
Page 31
The future development of the town mostly depends upon trade expansion, industries,
commercial activities etc. Following are some of the some of the standard method by which
population forecasting is done,
 Arithmetic increase method

 Geometric increase method
 Incremental increase method
Data Collected: -
Present human population = 1432 (350 House X 4 Members)
Cattle population = 840
Floating population = 3250 for 5 days in a year
Rate of increase of population per decade is around 109
 Arithmeticincreasemethod
It is given by the formula,
Pn = Po + n.x-
Where, Pn = future population at end of n decades.
Po = present population.
X = average increment for a decade.
For a design of 30 years,
n = 30/10 = 3
Year Population Increase per % increase per Incremental

Page 32
decade decade increase in

population
1996 1215
2006 1318 103 8.47
2016 1432 114 8.34 11
By arithmetic increase method,
Pn = P0 + n.x-
P (2046) = P2016+ 3(109)
= 1432+ 3(109)
= 1759
 Geometric increase method
We have, Pn = P0 (1+r/100) n
Where, Pn = population after n decade.
P0 = present population.
r = growth rate.
i.e. r = n√r1×r2×r3...........rn
= 2√8.47X8.34
= 8.40
... Pn = P0(1+r/100) n
Page 33
= 1432 (1+8.4/100)3
Pn =1824
 Incremental increase method
Pn= P0 + n.x-+n((n+1)/2). ȳ
= 1432 + (3 × 109) +3((3+1)/2) *11
Pn= 1825
As we obtained maximum population of 1825 by 2046, by incremental increase method

consider it for design purpose.
... Population (2046) = 1825 = 1900
Assuming that cattle population will be almost constant =940(2046)
2.5. Quantity of water
 Forecasting population of Beeranakere by 2046 = 1900

Assume lpcd rate = 135
 Cattle population = 940

Lpcd = 50
 Consider a floating population of 3250 for 5 days in a year during which each have of
lpcd rate = 50
 Average demand = population × lpcd
= [(1900×135) + (940×50)] ×365+ [3250×50×5]

Page 34
=11,15,90,000lit/year = 0.305mld
... q = 3.53 lit/sec
 Maximum daily demand = 1.8q

= 1.8×3.53
= 6.35lit/sec
 Fire demand = 4637√P [1 ̶ 0.01√p]
= 4637√1.9[1 ̶ 0.01√1.9]
= 6303.56 lit/min= 105.05lit/sec
Total demand = Maximum daily demand +Fire demand
=6.35+105.05
=111.4 lit/sec
=0.1114 m3/sec
Assuming 4.5 hours of pumping per day
Q pumped = 111.4×24/4.5
= 10.0 lit/sec
=0.01m3/sec
Assume
V = 0.6 m/s
... w. k. T Q = A.V
... A = Q/V
Πd2/4 = 0.01/0.6
... d = √(4×0.01)/(π×0.6)
... d = 0.15m

Page 35
2.6. Design of pump
R.L of source = 88.585m
R.L of pump house = 92.125m
... suction head, HS = 92.125 -88.585
... Hs = 3.54m
R.L of W.T.P = 107.04m
Delivery head, HD = (107.04 ̶ 92.125) + 10
= 24.915m
Length of pipe line from source to WTP, l =240m
Head loss due to friction, Hf = 4flv2/2gd
Assume, f = 0.01
Hf= (4×0.01×240×0.62)/ (2×9.81×0.25)
Hf = 0.704m
... total head, H = HS + HD + Hf
= 3.54 + 24.915 + 0.704= 29.159m
We have, B.H.P = ϒw.Q.H/0.735ɳ
Assuming pump efficiency as = 75%
= 9.81×0.704×29.159/0.75×0.735
... B.H.P = 365.31HP

Page 36
Provide 60HP pumps
...number of pumps = 365.31/60 =6.08 = 6
Out of 8 pumps, 6 are working pumps and other 2 are stand by.
...PROVIDE TOTAL 8 NO’S OF 60 HP PUMPS
2.7. EARTH-WORK CALCULATION
Cost of excavation per cubic metre=180 rupees
Cost of refilling per cubic metre=75 rupees
Width of excavation=1.20
ROAD-1
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTHIN AVARAGE CUM VOLUME
IN METER IN IN METER METER DEPTHIN OF CUTTING
METER METER
0 - 1.2 1.5 -
15 15 1.2 2.1 1.8 32.4
30 15 1.2 2.2 2.15 38.7
45 15 1.2 2.1 2.15 38.7
60 15 1.2 2.0 2.05 36.9
75 15 1.2 1.8 1.9 34.2
90 15 1.2 2.0 1.9 34.2

Page 37
105 15 1.2 1.7 1.85 33.3

120 15 1.2 1.6 1.65 29.7
135 15 1.2 1.3 1.45 26.1
150 15 1.2 1.2 1.25 22.5
165 15 1.2 1.2 1.2 21.6
180 15 1.2 1.4 1.3 23.4
195 15 1.2 1.6 1.5 27
210 15 1.2 1.7 1.65 29.7
225 15 1.2 2.0 1.85 33.3
240 15 1.2 1.7 1.85 33.3
255 15 1.2 2.1 1.9 34.2
270 15 1.2 1.9 2.0 36
285 15 1.2 1.9 1.9 34.2
300 15 1.2 1.9 1.9 34.2
315 15 1.2 2.2 2.05 36.9
330 15 1.2 2.2 2.2 39.6
345 15 1.2 2.2 2.2 39.6
360 15 1.2 2.3 2.25 40.5
375 15 1.2 2.3 2.3 41.4
390 15 1.2 2.7 2.5 45
405 15 1.2 3.1 2.9 52.2
1.2

Page 38
ROAD-2
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTHIN AVARAGE CUM
IN METER IN IN METER METER DEPTHIN VOLUME
METER METER OF
CUTTING
0 0 1.2 1.5 - 0
15 15 1.2 1.4 1.45 26.1
30 15 1.2 1.30 1.4 25.2
45 15 1.2 1.10 1.2 21.6
60 15 1.2 1.30 1.2 21.6
75 15 1.2 1.30 1.3 23.4
90 15 1.2 1.30 1.3 23.4
105 15 1.2 1.30 1.3 23.4
120 15 1.2 1.40 1.35 24.3
135 15 1.2 1.40 1.4 25.2
150 15 1.2 1.40 1.4 25.2
165 15 1.2 1.50 1.45 26.1
180 15 1.2 1.60 1.55 27.9
195 15 1.2 1.80 1.7 30.6
210 15 1.2 1.90 1.85 33.3
225 15 1.2 2.10 2 36
TOTAL VOLUME OF CUTTING 393.3

Page 39
ROAD-2A
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTHIN AVARAGE CUTTING
METER METER IN CUM
0 - 1.2 1.5 -
15 15 1.2 1.3 1.4 25.2
30 15 1.2 1.1 1.2 21.6
45 15 1.2 1.0 1.1 19.8
60 15 1.2 1.15 1.1 19.8
75 15 1.2 1.20 1.2 21.6
90 15 1.2 1.25 1.3 23.4
105 15 1.2 1.45 1.4 25.2
113.8 8.8 1.2 1.4 1.4 14.8

Page 40
ROAD-3
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTHIN AVG. CUTTING
METER METER IN CUM
0 - 1.2 1.5 - -
15 15 1.2 1.2 1.3 23.4
30 15 1.2 1.4 1.3 23.4
45 15 1.2 1.0 1.2 21.6
60 15 1.2 0.95 0.98 17.64
75 15 1.2 1.0 0.97 17.46
90 15 1.2 1.05 1.05 18.9
105 15 1.2 1.1 1.1 19.8
120 15 1.2 1.5 1.3 23.4
135 15 1.2 1.7 1.6 28.8
150 15 1.2 1.4 1.55 27.9
165 15 1.2 0.9 1.15 20.7
180 15 1.2 1.2 1.05 18.9
195 15 1.2 3.1 2.15 38.7

Page 41
ROAD-3A
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTHIN AVG. CUTTING
METER METER IN CUM
0 - 1.2 1.4 - -
15 15 1.2 1.3 1.35 24.3
30 15 1.2 1.3 1.3 23.4
45 15 1.2 1.0 1.15 20.7
60 15 1.2 1.3 1.15 20.7
ROAD-3B
CHAINAGEI LENGTH BREADTH DEPTH IN AVERAGE CUTTING
N METER IN METER IN METER METER DEPTH IN VOLUME IN

Page 42
METER CUM
0 - 1.2 1.4 - -
15 15 1.2 1.4 1.4 25.2
30 15 1.2 1.4 1.4 25.2
45 15 1.2 1.2 1.3 23.4
60 15 1.2 1.3 1.25 22.5
75 15 1.2 1.2 1.25 22.5
90 15 1.2 1.1 1.15 20.7
105 15 1.2 1.5 1.3 23.4
ROAD-3C
CHAINAGE LENGTH BREADTH DEPTH IN AVERAGE CUTTING
IN METER IN IN METER METER DEPTH VOLUME
METER IN METER IN CUM
0 - 1.2 1.4 - 0
15 15 1.2 1.5 1.45 26.1
30 15 1.2 1.5 1.5 27
45 15 1.2 1.5 1.5 27
60 15 1.2 1.7 1.6 28.8
75 15 1.2 1.5 1.6 28.8
90 15 1.2 2.0 1.75 31.5

Page 43
GRAND TOTAL 3788.7
Total volume= 3788.7cubic metres
Total cost of excavation= 180×3788.7
=Rs. 681966
Area of pipe= πd×d/4
=3.14×.15×0.15/4
=0.0177 square metre per metre
Total length of pipe-line=1345.0 metres
Total volume of pipe=23.77 cubic metre
Volume of refilling= 3788.7-23.77
=3764.93 cubic metres
Cost of re-filling= 3764.93×75
= 282369.75 rupees
TOTAL COST OFEXCAVATION AND RE-FILLING = 282369.75RUPEES

Page 44
 INFERENCE:
Water supply and sanitary project involves drawing water from source and supply to the
users as per the requirements and by providing proper sanitation, good environment is created
to maintain good public health.
2.8. REFERENCE:
1. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION by B. C. Punmia
2. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION by S. C. Rangwala
3. CHPEEO CODE BOOK OFIS STANDARDS

Page 45
3.0.HIGHWAY PROJECT
3.1. INTRODUCTION:
Rural connectivity is a key component of rural development in India. Rural roads

contribute significantly to generate increased agricultural income and productive employment
opportunities along with promoting access to economic and social services. Rural roads are
the virtual lifelines for the vast multitude residing in rural areas. However even today, roads
connect only about 80%-90% of Villages/Habitations in the country.

Page 46
India is considered one of the largely traffic- populated countries in the world proper
designing of highways and roads has to be done for the smooth flow; of traffic particularly in
major towns and cities. The design should be in such a way so that it cares for anticipated
future traffic as well as reduce the vehicle operation cost in term of accidents for which the
number of curves should be kept minimum.
It was decided to conduct survey work along the newly proposed highway to Beeranakere.
The suggestion were,
 Reduce the number of curves along the highway

 Find the pavement thickness required for present traffic
 To estimate the approximate construction cost.
To fill the above requirement survey work was carried along the highway at an identified
stretch. It was done in order to realign the highway minimizing the number of curves.
3.2 SITE APPRAISAL

3.2.1.Terrain History and Climate:
Beeranakere is a small holly place located about 10 km from Shimoga city. It has an ashram
called Sri Sri Sri Muppinarya Maha Samsthana. As a pilgrimage centre, since many
pilgrims visiting this place has been increased day by day. The rainfall is moderate in this
region.
3.2.2. Marketing:
The main agricultural crops grown by the farmers on either side of the road are Areca nut and
Jowar. The roadconnects the village from storage reservoir or tank at a distance of 660m.
3.2.3. Necessity and Benefits:
This road connects number of small villages en-route surrounding by agricultural lands it will
be helpful to the villages for transportation of agricultural commodities from field and also

Page 47
fertilizers etc. to the lands, which depends mainly on this road. Hence it is very essential to
improve this road to a minimum standard. At present there is need for development of
transportation facility as the area has high potential of Pilgrims’ and it also encompasses
several tourist spots in and around for example Jog falls and etc. This is attracting a large
number of tourists and needs to be addressed.
3.2.4. Traffic:
The major traffic on this road is due to the vehicles travels from village to the storage tank
and the surrounding village near by the storage tank.
3.2.5. Material, Equipment’s and Labours Required:

Sufficient quantity of construction materials like Granite, metal, size stone and Murom are
available in the approved quarry. Labours are available in the villages itself. Construction
equipment are to be brought from private agencies.
3.2.6. Rates:
Rates adopted for the estimation of earthwork is as per the approved scheduled rates of
P.W.D.Mysore for the year 2016-2017.
 Objectives of Present Study:

1. To determine the properties of sub grade soil.
2. To design the pavement using IRC SP: 72-2007 and IRC: 37-2001 using the soil CBR
and traffic volume.
3. To prepare estimates and rate analysis for the earthwork of the flexible pavement.
3.3 FIELD STUDIES

Page 48
Every Engineering structure required field studies or survey before its construction. In this
process of several field studies are incorporated such as survey of existing land profile,
metrological data, and existing ground water table etc,
In the construction of new pavement field studies involved are;
 To study topography of the existing ground (by leveling)

 Soil investigation
 Collection of traffic data
 Metrological data
 Hydrological data
3.4. LEVELLING:
This study comprises of taking level of ground along the alignment and across the width of
the road and shoulders at regular intervals. In present project longitudinal sections of the
proposed road were taken at every 15 m interval, the levels for the cross section of roads are
taken at regular intervals of 30 m. At the cross sections the levels are taken at 5m intervals up
to 15m on both sides of the centre line.
3.5. SOIL INVESTIGATION:
This study comprises of study of nature of soil its behaviour with moisture content, its
physical properties, its index properties are tested and the soil is classified. Since soil forms
the major component supporting the pavement structure it is tested for its CBR value. Based
on this CBR value the pavement thickness is designed. The collected soil was tested for
Liquid limit, Plastic limit, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), sieve analysis laboratory.

Page 49
3.6. COLLECTION OF TRAFFIC DATA:

Traffic moving on the present road was determined by conducting a 24-hours classified
traffic volume count study. The classified traffic data is shown in Table. For pavement design
only, commercial vehicles are considered as recommended by IRC: 37-2001.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)= 164
3.7.COLLECTION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Meteorological data such as annual rainfall, frequency of occurrence of floods, duration of
monsoon season etc. were collected from the Meteorological department, Bangalore Rural
District
Taluk Rain gauge station Rain fall in mm Rainfall days

Average
Non- Actual Normal Actual
Working (1941-
working 2012 (1941-1990) 2012
1990)
SHIMOGA
11 2 941 106.8 69 77
3.8.COLLECTION OF POPULATION DATA:

According to collecteddata given by census of India, Beeranakere has population of
2050.
3.9. FIELD WORK

A reconnaissance survey was conducted and later the work was confined to carry out the
survey work to get the existing details, planning of the new high way alignment, plotting of

Page 50
longitudinal section, cross section at regular, and ultimately the design of the highway with
the available data.
The reduced levels were taken at 15m internals and the cross section was taken at 30m
intervals on the hilly area and plain land. With available details the plan of the highway
alignment was plotted showing the existing features of the ground all along the alignment.
Further the longitudinal and cross section were also plotted.
3.10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION:
3.10.1 GENERAL
Soil is a very essential highway material because of the following reasons;
 Soil Sub grade is part of the pavement structure further the design and behavior of
pavement, especially the flexible pavements, depends to a great extent on the sub
grade soil.
 Soil is one of the principle materials of construction in soil embankments and in
stabilized soil base and sub base courses.
In view of the wide diversity in soil type, it is desirable to classify the sub grade soils in to
groups possessing similar physical properties.
Soil compaction is important phenomenon in highway construction as compacted sub grade

improves the load supporting ability of pavements. In turn resulting in decreased pavement
thickness requirements. Compaction of the earthen embankments would result in decreased
settlements. Thus, the behaviour of soil sub grade material could be considerably improved
adequate compaction under controlled conditions.

Page 51
The laboratory compaction test results are useful specifying the Optimum Moisture Content
at which a soil should be compacted, and the dry density that should be aimed at the
construction site. The in-situ density of the prepared sub grade as well as other pavement
layers as to be determined by field density tests for checking the compaction requirements
and as a field-controlled test for compaction.
3.10.2. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ROAD PROFILE
The longitudinal profile of the existing profile of the road was plotted using the level
collected along the centreline of road. The obtained profile of the road was checked for
allowable gradient as per IRC specification. The proposed road profile was super imposed on
the existing road surface as shown in the longitudinal section. The quantity of cut and fill
were calculated using the cross sections plotted. A camber of 3% for pavement and 4% for
the shoulders is proposed for flexible pavement.
3.10.3. HIGHWAY GEOMETRIC DESIGN FACTORS
For safe and efficient vehicular operations, it is necessary to design Stopping Sight Distance,
Super Elevation Etc, as per IRC SP: 72-2007 standards knowing the strength parameters of
the surface and various overlying materials.
3.11. STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SSD) AND OVERTAKING SIGHT

DISTANCE (OSD)
The minimum sight distance available on a highway at any spot should be of sufficient length
to stop a vehicle travelling at design speed, safety without collision. The absolute minimum
sight distance is therefore equal to the stopping sight distance.
Stopping sight distance=lag distance + brake distance
SSD = V×t + [V2/ 2×g×f]

Page 52
Where V =Design speed of the vehicle
t = Total reaction time of the driver in seconds
f = Design coefficient of friction
g= Acceleration due to gravity =9.81m/s2
f = 0.4-0.35 depending on speed (30-80 Km/h)
The minimum distance available to the driver ahead of his vehicle to overtake slow moving
vehicle without disturbing the vehicle moving in the opposite direction is known as OSD.
The OSD is the distance measured along the centre of road which driver with his eye level
1.2m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2m above the road surface.
OSD = d1+d2+ d3
Where, d1 =Vb×t; d2 = Vb ×T+2S; d3=V×T
Where V = speed of overtaking vehicle of design, m/s
Vb = speed of the overtaken vehicle, m/s
Vb= 30kmph=8.33m/s
1
T = √4𝑆 𝑎
Where S = spacing of the vehicle = (0.7Vb + 6)
a = Acceleration in m/sec2 (1 m/sec2)
OSD for two-way traffic= d1+d2+ d3
OSD for one-way traffic = d1+d2+ d3

Page 53
3.12. PAVEMENT DESIGN ASPECTS
The surface of the road way should be stable and non-yielding, to allow the wheel loads of
road traffic to move with least possible rolling resistance. The pavement carries wheel loads
and transfer the load stresses through a wider area on the soil sub grade below.
THE SAILENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED VILLAGE ROAD (VR) IS GIVEN

BELOW:
Road-land width 18 m
Camber 1 in 50
Carriage Width 3.75 m
Shoulders 1. 875m
Roadway Width 3.75m
Alignment Length 0.495 km
Ruling Gradient 1 in 16 & 1 in 20
3.13. DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Design of flexible pavement was done as per the IRC 37-2001 guidelines. A design life of 10
years and a growth rate of 7.5%, with a CBR value of 4 %( assume).
The pavement is designed based on the various factors such as

Page 54
 Type of road-single lane road

 Design speed= 40kmph
 Design period(n)=15 years
 Construction period=2 years
 Number of commercial vehicles per day (p)=150
 Annual rate of growth of vehicles per day (r)=7.5% per year
 The sub grade soil strength in t terms of CBR
 Terrain-Rolling/plain
 Bituminous surfacing
1. Wearing course-20mm
2. Bituminous course-50mm
3. Binder course-225mm
 Granular base-75mm
 Granular sub-base-100mm
3.14. DESIGN OF DRAINS
The length of longitudinal open drain from inlet point to cross drainage is 500m.
i.e., L=500m
Calculation of discharge: -
a] Pavement area, A1= (3.75×500)/2
A1= 937.5 sq.-m
C1= co-efficient of runoff (for bituminous pavement 0.8 to 0.9)

Page 55
Take, C1=0.8
b] Area of shoulder and adjoining land, A2= (1.90×500)
A2= 950 sq.-m
C2=0.25 (for pervious soil 0.05 to 0.30)
c] Area of land with grass from other side of drain
Here 25m from field survey
Area, A3= (30×500)
A3= 15000 sq.-m
C3= 0.45 (for soil covered with turf is 0.30 to 0.55)
C= (C1A1+ C2A2+ C3A3)/ (A1+ A2+ A3)
C= [(0.80×937.5) + (0.25×950) + (0.45×15000)]/ [937.5+950+15000]
C=0.46
Total area, A= 937.5+ 950+ 15000
A= 168875 sq.-m
A=1.688 hectares
d] Length 30m from field survey
Cross slope of turf land= 2% (assumed)
From graph 11.30, T1=8minutes

Page 56
Graph-11.30
e] Discharge calculation
Time of flow T2 along the longitudinal drain of length 500m with a speed of = 0.75 m/sec
T2= L/V= 500/ (0.75×60) = 11.11 min
f] Total duration T = 8 +11.11= 19.11 minutes
g] Rainfall intensity, i = 106.00 mm/hr (10years frequency considered)

Page 57
Q= C×i×Ad
Where,
Q= Discharge in comics
C= Co-efficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics= 0.46
Ad= Drainage area in 1000 m2= 16.88sq-m
i = intensity of rainfall in mm/sec = 0.03mm/sec
∴Q= 0.46× 0.03×16.88
Q= 0.23 m3/sec
h] Cross sectional area of the drain, A= Q/V
Q= 0.23 m3/sec
V= 0.75 m/s
A= 0.306 sq-m
FDL
D
d
b
b
Provide side slope of drain is 1:1

Page 58
A= (b+n×d)×d
(𝑏+2×𝑛×𝑑)
& = 𝑑 × √𝑛2 + 1
2
𝑏+2×1×𝑑
= 𝑑 × √12 + 1
2
∴ b=0.828×d
A=0.306=(0.828×d+(1/1×d))
d= 0.65m
b= 1.0m
Allowing a free board of 0.15m
Total depth of drain=0.65+0.15

D=0.8m
3.15. CURVE CALCULATION DETAIL
3.15.1HORIZONTAL CURVE
 SIMPLE CURVE AT 75m CHAINAGE

Deflection angle (∆) = 800
R = V2/ (127×(e+f))
Where

Page 59
V = velocity in m/s = 40 kmph (for V.R in rolling terrain)
e = value super elevation = 0.07
B
°
80
T1 T2
R=30 m
f = co-efficient of friction = 0.35
R = 402 / 127(0.07+0.35)
= 29.90m≈30m
Provide R=30m<180m ∴ curve design is necessary (As per the IRC 73-1980)
We have, R = 30m and Δ =800
Chainage at PI = 75m
1. Length of tangent T1B = R tan (Δ/2)

= 25.17m
T1B = T2B = 25.17m (Simple curve)
Arc length = πRΔ / 180
l=41.88m
Evaluation of chainages

Page 60
Chainage @ B = 75m
2. Chainage @ T1 = chainage @ B - tangent length
= 75-25.17
=49.83m
3. Chainage @ T2=chainage@ T1 + l
=49.83+41.88
=91.71m
 TRANSITION CURVES
Transition curves are introduced between the straight and circular curve. This helps in
gradually introducing the super elevation and extra widening.
 Design of Transition Curve
Case 1;
Ls1=0.0215×V3/C×R
Where, Ls1=length of transition curve
V= vehicle speed in kmph =40kmph
R= radius of curve
C=rate change of centrifugal acceleration
C= 80/ (75+V)
Page 61
C=0.696
Ls1=0.0125×403/ (0.696×50) =22.98m≈23m
Case 2;
Ls2= 2.7×V2/R
Ls2= 2.7×402/50
Ls2=86 m
Therefore, provide length of transition curve (Ls) =86m
Shift, S=Ls2/ (24×R)
S=862/ (24×50)
S=6.1m
3.16. SUPER EVELATION
To counteract the effect of centrifugal force and to reduce the tendency of the vehicle to
overturn ok skid, the outer edge of the pavement in raised with respect to the inner edge, thus
providing a traverse slope throughout the length of the horizontal curve. This transverse
inclination to the pavement surface is known as super elevation or cant or banking. It is
denoted as ‘e’.

Page 62
e + f = V2/ (127×R)
Where, e = super elevation 0.07
f = lateral co-efficient of friction
v = speed of vehicle in kmph
R = Radius in meter
 Design of Super Elevation:

Step 1: The cant for 75% of design speed is calculated neglecting the friction
e= (0.75×V) 2/gR
e= (0.75×11.11)2/9.81×30
e=0.315 >0.07
Step 2: Check for co-efficient of friction
f= (v2/gR)-0.07
f= (11.112/9.81×30)-0.07
f=0.349<0.15
Therefore, provide cant e=0.07
Rising of outer edge with respect to inner edge=e×B
E=.07×3.75
E= 0.26m
Therefore, we have to restrict the speed on reverse curve.

Page 63
Allowable speed= sqrt (27.94×R) kmph
VA=30 kmph
3.17. EXTRA WIDENING OF PAVEMENT ON CURVE
Extra (we) = nl2/2R + V/ 9.5√R
Here we = Total extra width of pavement on curves m
L = length of wheel bar of vehicle m (as per IRC 6m)
N = number of lanes
R = Radius of curves, m
V = design speed in kmph
Data:
Pavement width = 3.75m
R = 30m
n=1
l = 6m
V = 40kmph
We= 1×62/ (2×30) + 40/ (9.5×√30) = 1.369m
Total width of road = 3.75+1.369= 5.2m

Page 64
 STOPPING SITE DISTANCE (SSD)

SSD = Vt + V2/2gf
V = speed of vehicle in m/s
f = design co-efficient of friction 0.4 to 0.35 from 30 to 80kmph
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81m/s
t = total reaction tames of driven = 2.5sec (IRS)
SSD = (40/3.6)×2.5 + {(40/3.6)2/ (2×9.81×0.35)} = 45.75m
 OVERTAKING SIGHT DISTANCE (OSD)

The OSD is the distance measured along the centre of road which driver with his eye level
1.2m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2m above the road surface.
OSD = d1+d2+ d3
Where, d1 =Vb×t; d2 = Vb ×T+2S; d3=V×T
Where V = speed of overtaking vehicle of design, m/s
Vb = speed of the overtaken vehicle, m/s
Vb= 30kmph=8.33m/s
1
T= √4𝑆 × 𝑎
Where S = spacing of the vehicle = (0.7Vb + 6)
a = Acceleration in m/sec2 (1 m/sec2)
OSD for two ways = d1+d2+ d3

Page 65
OSD = d1+d2+ d3
d1=5.556×2.5=13.890m
S=0.2×5.556+6= 7.110m
T=sqrt [(4×7.11)/5] = 2.385
d2=5.556×2.385+2×5= 23.251m
d3=11.11×2.385= 27m
3.18. EARTH WORK CALCULATION
HIGHWAY EARTH WORK QUANTITY

TABLE NO 1 (At chainage 0 meter)
DEPTH MEAN AREA QUANTITY
CHAINAGE
CUTTING FILLING DEPTH CUTTING FILLING CUTTING FILLING
L15 0.8 0
L10 0 0.2 0.3 1.5 0
L5 0.32 0 0.06 0.3 0
0 0 1.6 0.64 3.2 0
R5 0 0.94 1.27 6.35 0
R10 0 1.78 1.36 6.8 0
R15 0 1.78 1.78 8.9 0
TOTAL 0

Page 66
Table 2 at 30 m
CHAINAGE
L15 1.37 0
L10 1.2 0 1.285 6.425 192.75
L5 1.13 0 1.165 5.825 174.75
30 0 0 0.565 2.825 84.75
R5 0.63 0 0.315 1.575 47.25
R10 0 0.76 0.065 0.325 9.75
R15 0 1.12 0.94 4.7 141
TOTAL 349.75
Table 3 at 60m
CHAINAGE DEPTH MEAN AREA QUANTITY
L15 1.74 0
L10 1.0 0 2.24 11.2 336
L5 1.03 0 1.015 5.075 152.25
60 1.4 0 1.215 6.075 182.25
R5 0.08 0 0.74 3.7 111
R10 0 0.85 0.385 1.925 57.75
R15 0 1.15 1 5 150
TOTAL 573.75
Table 4 at 60m

Page 67

CHAINAGE
L15 1.27 0
L10 0.82 0 1.045 5.225 156.75
L5 0.9 0 0.86 4.3 129
60 1.3 0 1.1 5.5 165
R5 0 0 0.65 3.25 97.5
R10 0 1.0 0.5 2.5 75
R15 0 1.58 1.29 6.45 193.5
TOTAL 279.75
Table 5 at 90 m
CHAINAGE
L15 2.04 0
L10 1.87 0 1.955 9.775 293.25
L5 1.71 0 1.79 8.95 268.5
90 0 0 0.855 4.275 128.25
R5 0 0.51 0.255 1.275 38.25
R10 0 0.54 0.525 2.625 78.75
R15 0 0.46 0.5 2.5 75
TOTAL 498
Table 6 at 120m
CHAINAGE
L15 2.37 0
L10 1.91 0 2.14 10.7 321
L5 1.09 0 1.5 7.5 225
120 0 1.1 0.005 0.025 0.75
R5 0 0.7 0.9 4.5 135
R10 0 1.64 1.17 5.85 175.5
R15 0 0.63 1.135 5.675 28.375
TOTAL 206.375
Table 7 at 120 m

Page 68

L15 2.0 0
L10 1.7 0 1.85 9.25 277.5
L5 0.8 0 1.25 6.25 31.25
120 0 1.0 0.1 0.5 15
R5 0 0.8 0.6 3 90
R10 0 1.9 1.35 6.75 202.5
R15 0 2.5 2.2 11 330
TOTAL 328.75
Table 8 at 135m
CHAINAGE
L15 6.4 0
L10 4.9 0 5.65 28.25 - 847.5
L5 6.7 0 5.8 29 - 870
135 4.0 0 5.35 26.75 - 802.5
R5 4.4 0 4.2 21 - 630
R10 2.8 0 3.6 18 - 540
R15 1.6 0 2.2 11 - 330
TOTAL 4020
Table 9 at 165 m
CHAINAGE
L15 5.7 0
L10 4.2 0 4.95 24.75 742.5
L5 4.6 0 4.4 22 660
165 1.8 0 3.2 16 480
R5 2.1 0 1.95 9.75 292.5
R10 0.7 0 1.4 7 210
R15 0.4 0 0.55 2.75 82.5
TOTAL 2467.5
Table 10 at 180m

Page 69

L15 5.7 0
L10 4.2 0 4.95 24.75 - 742.5
L5 4.4 0 4.3 21.5 - 645
180 2.0 0 3.2 16 - 480
R5 3.7 0 2.85 14.25 - 427.5
R10 1.2 0 2.45 12.25 - 367.5
R15 0.6 0 0.9 4.5 - 135
TOTAL 2797.5
Table 11at 180m

CHAINAGE
L15 4.6 0
L10 3.9 0 4.25 21.25 637.5
L5 3.8 0 3.85 19.25 577.5
180 2.1 0 2.95 14.75 442.2
R5 3.0 0 2.55 12.75 63.75
R10 2.3 0 2.65 13.25 397.5
R15 2.2 0 2.25 11.25 337.5
TOTAL 2455.95
Table 12 at 210m
L C R CUTTING FILLING DEPTH CUTTING FILLING CUTTING FILLING
L15 8.1 0
L10 6.9 0 7.5 37.5 1125
L5 7.7 0 7.3 36.5 1095
210 5.8 0 6.75 33.75 1012.5
R5 6.6 0 6.2 31 930
R10 5.7 0 6.15 30.75 922.5
R15 5.4 0 5.55 27.75 832.5
TOTAL 5917.5
Table 13 at 210m

Page 70

CHAINAGE
L15 5.3 0
L10 5.0 0 5.15 154.5 4635
L5 4.9 0 4.95 148.5 4455
210 3.8 0 4.35 21.75 652.5
R5 3.6 0 3.7 18.5 555
R10 2.6 0 3.1 15.5 465
R15 2.2 0 2.4 12 360
TOTAL 11122.5
Table 14 at 225m
CHAINAGE
L15 6.1 0
L10 5.2 0 5.65 28.25 8475.5
L5 5.3 0 5.25 26.25 787.5
225 4.6 0 4.95 24.75 742.5
R5 4.5 0 4.55 22.75 682.5
R10 3.5 0 4 20 600
R15 3.1 0 3.3 16.5 495
TOTAL 11783
Table 15 at 255m
CHAINAGE
L15 4.1 0
L10 3.7 0 3.9 19.5 585
L5 3.7 0 3.7 18.5 555
255 2.8 0 3.25 16.25 487.5
R5 2.8 0 2.8 14 420
R10 2.2 0 2.5 12.5 375
R15 1.8 0 2 10 300
TOTAL 2722.5

Page 71
Table 16 at 270m
CHAINAGE
L15 3.5 0
L10 2.8 0 3.15 15.75 472.5
L5 3.0 0 2.9 14.5 435
210 2.3 0 2.65 13.25 397.5
R5 2.5 0 2.4 12 360
R10 1.8 0 2.15 10.75 322.5
R15 1.9 0 1.85 9.25 277.5
TOTAL 2265
Table 17 at 270m
CHAINAGE
L15 4.5 0
L10 4.1 0 4.3 21.5 645
L3 3.9 0 4 20 600
270 4.1 0 4 20 600
R5 3.3 0 3.7 18.5 555
R10 2.5 0 2.9 14.5 435
R15 2.1 0 2.3 11.5 345
TOTAL 3180
Table 18 at 300m

Page 72

CHAINAGE
L9 7.0 0
L6 6.8 0 6.9 20.7 621
L3 4.6 0 5.7 17.1 513
300 3.5 0 4.05 12.15 364.5
R3 2.2 0 2.85 8.55 256.5
R6 2.3 0 2.25 6.75 202.5
R9 1.2 0 1.75 5.25 157.5
TOTAL 2115
Table 19 at 330m
CHAINAGE
L9 7.1
L6 6.5 0 6.8 20.4 612
L3 4.1 0 5.3 15.9 477
330 3 0 3.55 10.65 319.5
R3 2 0 2.5 7.5 225
R6 1.8 0 1.9 5.7 171
R9 0.8 0 1.3 3.9 117
TOTAL 1912.5
Table 20 at 360m

Page 73

CHAINAGE
L9 5.8
L6 4.9 5.35 16.05 481.5
L3 3.3 4.1 12.3 369
300 2.4 2.85 8.55 256.5
R3 1.7 2.05 6.15 184.5
R6 2 1.85 5.55 166.5
R9 0.8 1.4 4.2 126
TOTAL 1584
Table 21 at 390m
CHAINAGE
L9 6.1
L6 5.4 5.75 17.25 517.5
L3 3.5 4.45 13.35 400.5
390 2.4 2.95 8.85 265.5
R3 2.1 2.25 6.75 202.5
R6 2.6 2.35 7.05 211.5
R9 2 2.3 6.9 207
TOTAL 1804.5
Table 22 at 420m
CHAINAGE
L9 4.7
L6 4.3 4.5 13.5 405
L3 2.9 3.6 10.8 324
420 2.5 2.7 8.1 243
R3 1.6 2.05 6.15 184.5
R6 1.6 1.6 4.8 144
R9 1.3 1.45 4.35 130.5
TOTAL 1431

Page 74
Table 23 at 420m
CHAINAGE
L9 3.5
L6 3.3 3.4 10.2 306
L3 1.7 2.5 7.5 225
420 1.6 1.65 4.95 148.5
R3 1.3 1.45 4.35 130.5
R6 1.8 1.55 4.65 139.5
R9 1.4 1.6 4.8 144
TOTAL 1093.5
Table 24 at 450m
CHAINAGE
L9 4
L6 3.9 3.95 11.85 355.5
L3 3.6 3.25 9.75 292.5
450 2.1 2.35 7.05 211.5
R3 1.9 2 6 180
R6 2.2 2.05 6.15 184.5
R9 1.8 2 6 180
TOTAL 1404
Table 25 at 450m
Page 75

L9 2.3
L6 1.4 1.85 5.55 166.5
L3 0.9 1.15 3.45 103.5
450 0.55 0.725 2.175 65.25
R3 0.35 0.45 1.35 40.5
R6 0.7 0.525 1.575 47.25
R9 0.5 0.6 1.8 54
TOTAL 477
Table 26 at 480m
CHAINAGE
L9 3.65
L6 3.8 3.755 11.175 335.25
L3 2.5 3.15 9.45 283.5
480 1.7 2.1 6.3 189
R3 2.1 1.9 5.7 171
R6 2.4 2.25 6.75 202.5
R9 2.55 2.475 7.425 222.75
TOTAL 1404
Table 27 at 510m
CHAINAGE
L9 5.8
L6 4.6 5.2 15.6 468
L3 3.8 4.2 12.6 378
510 3.5 3.65 10.95 328.5
R3 3.4 3.45 10.35 310.5
R6 4.3 3.85 11.55 346.5
R9 4.65 4.475 13.425 402.75
TOTAL 2234.25

Page 76
Table 28 at 510m
CHAINAGE
L9 5.5
L6 5.2 5.35 16.05 481.5
L3 4.7 4.95 14.85 445.5
510 4.5 4.6 13.8 414
R3 4.5 4.5 13.5 405
R6 5.3 4.9 14.7 414
R9 5 5.15 15.45 463.5
TOTAL 2650.5
Table 29 at 540m
CHAINAGE
L9 5.2
L6 4.5 4.85 14.55 436.5
L3 3.3 3.9 11.7 351
540 3.2 3.25 9.75 292.5
R3 3.4 3.3 9.9 297
R6 4 3.7 11.1 333
R9 4.3 4.15 12.45 373.5
TOTAL 2083.5
Table 30 at 555m

Page 77

L9 3.3
L6 3.4 3.35 10.05 301.5
L3 2.7 3.05 9.15 275.5
555 2.1 2.4 7.2 216
R3 2.9 2.5 7.5 225
R6 3.7 3.3 9.9 297
R9 3.9 3.8 11.4 342
TOTAL 1656
Table 31 at 570m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.6
L6 1 1.8 5.4 162
L3 2.8 1.9 5.7 171
570 2.8 2.8 8.4 252
R3 2.5 2.65 7.95 238.5
R6 1.6 2.05 6.15 184.5
R9 1.9 1.75 5.25 157.5
TOTAL 1165.5
Table 32 at 570m
CHAINAGE

Page 78
L9 2.2
L6 2.1 2.15 6.45 193.5
L3 2.6 2.35 7.05 211.5
570 2.9 2.75 8.25 247.5
R3 2.7 2.8 8.4 252
R6 1.8 2.25 6.75 202.5
R9 1.9 1.85 5.55 166.5
TOTAL 1273.5
Table 33 at 600m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.6
L6 2.3 2.45 7.35 220.5
L3 3 2.65 7.95 238.5
600 3.2 3.1 9.3 279
R3 3.1 3.15 9.45 283.5
R6 2.5 2.8 8.4 252
R9 2.1 2.3 6.9 207
TOTAL 1480.5
Table 34 at 600m
CHAINAGE
L9 1
L6 0.7 0.85 2.55 76.5
L3 2.8 1.75 5.25 157.5
600 2.5 2.65 7.95 238.5
R3 2.3 2.4 7.2 216
R6 1.7 2 6 180
R9 2.6 2.15 6.45 193.5
TOTAL 1062

Page 79
Table 35 at 615m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.6
L6 2.2 2.4 7.2 108
L3 3.1 2.65 7.95 119.25
615 3.3 3.2 9.6 144
R3 3.3 3.3 9.9 148.5
R6 2.8 3.05 9.15 137.25
R9 3.3 3.05 9.15 137.25
TOTAL 794.25
Table 36 at 615m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.2
L6 2 2.1 6.3 94.5
L3 2.9 2.45 7.35 110.25
615 3.2 3.05 9.15 137.25
R3 3.1 3.15 9.45 141.75
R6 2.6 2.85 8.55 128.25
R9 3 2.8 8.4 126
TOTAL 738
Table 37 at 660m
CHAINAGE
L9 3.2
L6 3.2 3.2 9.6 288
L3 4 3.6 10.8 324
660 4 4 12 360
R3 4.1 4.05 12.15 364.5
R6 3.2 3.65 10.95 328.5
R9 3.7 3.45 10.35 310.5
TOTAL 1975.5

Page 80
Table 38 at 675m
CHAINAGE
L9 4
L6 4 4 12 180
L3 4.4 4.2 12.6 189
675 4.5 4.45 13.35 200.25
R3 4.5 4.5 13.5 202.5
R6 3.9 4.2 12.6 189
R9 3.9 3.9 11.7 175.5
TOTAL 1136.25
Table 39 at 690m
CHAINAGE
L9 4
L6 3.7 3.85 11.55 173.25
L3 4.2 3.95 11.85 177.75
690 4.6 4.4 13.2 198
R3 4.3 4.45 13.35 200.25
R6 3.6 3.95 11.85 177.75
R9 3.9 3.75 11.25 168.75
TOTAL 1095.75
Table 40 at 690m
Page 81

L9 2.3
L6 3.2 2.75 8.25 123.75
L3 4.1 3.65 10.95 164.25
690 4.3 4.2 12.6 189
R3 4 4.15 12.45 186.75
R6 3.6 3.8 11.4 171
R9 3.6 3.6 10.8 162
TOTAL 996.75
Table 41 at 720m
CHAINAGE
L9 4.7
L6 4.7 4.7 14.4 423
L3 4.5 4.6 13.8 414
720 4.9 4.7 14.1 423
R3 4.8 4.85 14.55 436.5
R6 3.8 4.3 12.9 387
R9 4.2 4 12 360
TOTAL 2443.5
Table 42 at 735m
CHAINAGE
L9 4.7
L6 4.2 4.45 13.35 200.25
L3 5.2 4.7 14.1 211.5
735 5.1 5.15 15.45 231.5
R3 5.1 5.1 15.3 229.5
R6 4.6 4.85 14.55 218.25
R9 4.8 4.7 14.1 211.5
TOTAL 1302.75
Table 43 at 765m

Page 82

CHAINAGE
L9 2.6
L6 2.4 2.5 7.5 225
L3 3.4 2.9 8.5 261
765 3.6 3.5 10.5 315
R3 3.5 3.55 10.65 319.5
R6 2.8 3.15 9.45 283.5
R9 3.2 3 9 270
TOTAL 1674
Table 44 at 795m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.7
L6 2.4 2.55 7.64 229.5
L3 3.4 2.9 8.7 261
795 3.3 3.35 10.05 301.5
R3 3.2 3.25 9.75 292.5
R6 2.4 2.8 8.4 252
R9 2.5 2.45 7.35 220.5
TOTAL 1557
Table 45 at 825m
CHAINAGE
L9 2.6

Page 83
L6 2.6 2.6 7.8 234

L3 3.7 3.15 9.45 283.5
825 3.2 3.45 10.35 310.5
R3 3.7 3.45 10.35 310.5
R6 2.5 3.1 9.3 279
R9 2.5 2.5 7.5 225
TOTAL 1642.5
Table 46 at 855m
CHAINAGE
L9 1.2
L6 2.1 1.65 4.95 148.5
L3 2.1 2.1 6.3 189
855 2.2 2.15 6.45 193.5
R3 2 2.1 6.3 189
R6 0.8 1.4 4.2 126
R9 1.1 0.95 2.85 85.5
TOTAL 931.5
Table 47 at 855m
CHAINAGE
L9 2
L6 2 2 6 180
L3 2.6 2.3 6.9 207
855 2.7 2.65 7.95 238.5
R3 2.4 2.55 7.65 229.5
R6 1.2 1.8 5.4 162
R9 2 1.6 4.8 144
TOTAL 1161

Page 84
Table 48 at 885m
CHAINAGE
L9 3.5
L6 3 3.25 9.75 292.5
L3 4.1 3.55 10.65 319.5
885 4.5 4.3 12.9 387
R3 3.5 4 12 360
R6 3.4 3.45 10.35 310.5
R9 3.5 3.45 10.35 310.5
TOTAL 1980
 INFERENCE:

Page 85
Roads are constructed and developed in order to connect different places and boost the
developmentof country and roads are helpful for communication of the village so that the
development of village has to be achieved.
3.19. REFERENCE:
1. HIGHWAY ENGINEERING-S. K KHANNA&C.E.G. Justo.
2. SOIL MECHANICSANDFOUNDATION-B.C Punmia.
3. DESIGNOFFLEXIBLEPAVEMENT (IRC: 37-20001)

Page 86

Survey Report 2019

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Survey Report 2019

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

EXTENSIVE SURVEY 2019

effort with success.

We express our deep sense of gratitude to this great institution GOVERNMENT

ENGINEERING COLLEGE HASSAN, which provided us an opportunity in fulfilling our

most, cherished desire of reaching our goal.

co-operation during the project work.

We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. S. Prashanth, Head of

Department, Department of Civil Engineering, for his help and encouragement.

officer. Mr. Premanand Kambar Asst.Prof. Department of Civil Engineering.

We express our sincere thanks to our project guides Mr.Devanand.R and

project.Mr. VijayKumar and Mr. Chethan.B. A. Asst. Prof. Department of Civil

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

Department of Civil Engineering. Constant encouragement given by the faculty of Civil

all aspects to complete this project successfully.

Muppinarya Maha Samsthana matta-beerankere, Shimoga District to making the camp

making the camp and report a great success.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

1.4 NECESSITY OF NEW TANK

1.5COMPONENTS OF NEW TANK

1.6IRRIGATION PROJECT PLANNING

1.7STORAGE CAPACITY OF THE TANK

1.10STORAGE ZONES IN RESERVOIR

1.12INVESTIGATION FOR NEW TANK PROJECT

1.13.RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

1.14.FACTORS CONSIDER IN SELECTION OF SITE FOR EARTHEN DAM

1.15.DETAILED SURVEY WORK CARRIED OUT FOR PROJECT

1.16.CALCULATION FOR YIELD AT SITE

1.17. DETERMINATION OF IRRIGATION AREA

1.16. CANAL EARTHWORK ESTIMATION

1.18. DESIGN OF A CANAL

1.20.EARTH WORK CALCULATION

2.0 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROJECT

2.2 STUDY AREA

2.3 DETAILS OF SURVEYING

2.4 POPULATION FORECASTING

2.5 QUANTITY OF WATER

2.6 DESIGN OF PUMPS

2.7 EARTH WORK CALCULATION.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

3.0. HIGHWAY PROJECT

3.2. SITE APPRAISAL

3.3. FIELD STUDY

3.5. SOIL INVESTIGATION

3.6. COLLECTION OF TRAFFIC DATA

3.7. COLLECTION OF METTROLOGICAL DATA

3.8. COLLECTION OF POPULLATION DATA

3.9. FIELD WORK

3.10 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

3.11. STOPING SIGHT DISTANCE AND OVER TAKING SIGHT DISTANCE

3.12. PAVEMENT DESIGN ASPECTS

3.13. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN

3.14. DESIGN OF DRAINS

3.15. CURVE CALCULATION DETAILS

3.16. SUPER ELEVATION

3.17. EXTRAWIDENING OF PAVEMENT ON CURVE

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

3.18. EARTHWORK CALCULATION

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG. GEC- HASSAN 2018-19

1.2. DETAILS OF PROJECT

1.2.1. Details of site:

Place of Project - Beeranakere

Distance from Shimoga -15 km