COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES (PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN)

DISEASE PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN

CYSTITIS Burning on urination

HYPOCALCEMIA Chvostek & Trosseaus sign

ULCERATIVE COLITIS Recurrent bloody diarrhea

LYME’S DSE Bull’s eye rash

GLAUCOMA Painfull vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (Peripheral

Vision Loss)

CATARACT Painless vision loss, Opacity of the lens, blurring of vision

RETINO BLASTOMA Cat’s eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils)

ACROMEGALY Coarse facial feature

DUCHENNE’S MUSCULAR Gowers’ sign

DYSTROPHY
GERD Barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the
esophageal mucosa)
Flapping hand tremors
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
HYDROCEPHALUS Bossing sign (prominent forehead)

INCREASE ICP Cushing’s Triad (HYPERBRADYBRADY)

HYPERtension BRADYpnea BRADYcardia

SHOCK (HYPOTACHYTACHY) HYPOtension TACHYpnea TACHYcardia

MENIERE’S DSE Vertigo, Tinnitus

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS Descending muscle weakness

GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME Ascending muscle weakness

DVT Homan’s Sign

Vesicular Rash
CHICKEN POX
Crushing stubbing pain relieved by NTG
ANGINA
CROUP Inspiratory stridor
EPIGLOTITIS 3Ds’ Drooling, Dysphonia, Dysphagia

HODGEKIN’S DSE/LYMPHOMA Reedstenberg Cells

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS Hallmark: sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever

PARKINSON’S DISEASE Pill-rolling tremors

FIBRIN HYALIN Expiratory Grunt

CYSTIC FIBROSIS Salty skin

DIABETES MELLITUS Polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia

DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA) Kussmauls breathing

BLADDER CANCER Painless hematuria

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Reduced size & force of urine

RETINAL DETACHMENT Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain veil like vision
TUBERCULOSIS Low-grade afternoon fever
PNEUMONIA Rusty sputum
ASTHMA Wheezing on expiration
EMPHYSEMA Barrel chest
KAWASAKI SYNDROME Strawberry tongue
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA Red beefy tongue
DOWN SYNDROME Protruding tongue
CHOLERA Rice watery stool
MALARIA Stepladder like fever with chills
TYPHOID Rose spots in abdomen
DIPTHERIA Pseudomembrane
MEASLES Koplik’s spots
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Butterfly rashes

LIVER CIRRHOSIS Spider like varices

LEPROSY Lioning face
BULIMIA NERVOSA Chipmunk face

APPENDICITIS Rebound tenderness

DENGUE Petechiae or (+) Herman’s sign

MENINGITIS Kernig’s sign (leg flex then leg pain on
extension), Brudzinski sign (neck flex = lower leg flex)
TETANY Hypocalcemia (+) Trousseau’s
sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek sign (facial spasm)
TETANUS Risus sardonicus

PANCREATITIS Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners spots

PYLORIC STENOSIS
Olive like mass
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Machine like murmur
ADDISON’S DISEASE Bronze like skin pigmentation

CUSHING’S SYNDROME Moon face appearance and buffalo hump

HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVE’S DISEASE Exopthalmus
INTUSSUSCEPTION Sausage shaped mass, Dance Sign
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Charcot’s Triad (IAN)