The Feasibility of Malunggay Leaves and Calamansi Juice Mixture As An Alternative Facial Soap

ACADEMY OF ST.
JOSEPH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

MIXTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FACIAL SOAP”
Academy of St. Joseph

C-1 Claveria, Cagayan
Senior Highschool Department
A Research Paper
is a Partial Fulfillment for
the requirements in Practical Research II
(Introduction to Quantitative Research)
School Year 2018 – 2019
Presented to the Faculty and Staff

of the Academy of St. Joseph – Senior High School Department
Presented by
Minette Ashley Valiente
Edithel Mangoba
Marvelyn Joy Baluscang
Shaira Agatha Cacpal
Researchers
Mr. Mark Anthony T. Domingo

Adviser
October 2018
ACADEMY OF ST. JOSEPH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………..……i
APPROVAL SHEET
……………………………………………………..………….ii
RESEARCH
ABSTRACT………………………………..…………….……………iii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
…………………………………………………1-3
A. Background of the Study …………………………………………..…..…4-6

B. Statement of the Problem ………………………………….……………...7
C. Significance of the Study ………………………………………………....8
D. Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………9
E. Definition of Terms…………………………………………………..10-12
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………13-33
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design …………………………………………………….34-35

B. Research Paradigm…………………………………………………..36-37
C. Data Analysis......……………………………………………………38-60
CHAPTER IV
Results………………………………………………………………….61-67
CHAPTER V
Discussion…………………………………………………..…………68-
74
Chapter VI
Conclusion ……………………………………………………..……….75
Chapter VII
Recommendation ……………………………………………………..........76

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study would have not been successfully undertaken without other people
who did their best to help. The researcher, with deep appreciation would like to
acknowledge the helpfulness of other people for their suggestions, corrections, and
guidance for the improvement of the manuscript. They shared their knowledge,
talents, efforts, and times to make this study into reality;
The researchers would like to extend their sincerest gratitude to Sir Mark
Anthony Tagala Domingo, for his incomparable guidance and encouragement during
the preparation and conduct of the study;
The researchers also owe their indebted appreciation to Junior High School
students for being our respondents during our collection of data. To the researchers’
beloved family for their patience, love, trust, devotion, moral, and financial supports
they have extended in order to make this study a successful venture.
Above all, to the Almighty God for His bountiful and unending blessings
during the course of the study.
B.M.J.A..,C.S.A.R.,M.E.B.,V.M.A.C.

APPROVAL SHEET
This research study titled, “THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY
LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE MIXTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE
FACIAL SOAP” prepared and submitted by ASHLEY VALIENTE, EDITHEL
MANGOBA, MARVELYN BALUSCANG and SHAIRA CACPAL in partial
fulfillment for the requirements in Practical Research II has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.
MARK ANTHONY TAGALA DOMINGO

Subject Teacher
Approved by the panel of oral examination with a grade of ___%
Approve in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research II
(Introduction to Quantitative Research).
MARK ANTHONY TAGALA DOMINGO REMAR P. AGCAOILI, MAED

Subject Teacher School Principal
FR. JEROME A. ADRIATICO, SVD

School Principal
ii

RESEARCH ABSTRACT
2018: The Feasibility of Malunggay Leaves and Calamansi Juice Mixture as an

Alternative Facial Soap: Valiente Minette Ashley, Mangoba Edithel, Baluscang
Marvelyn Joy, Cacpal Shaira Agatha. Unpublished Thesis
This research study evaluates the possible effects of the facial soap to the
randomly selected students in the Academy of St. Joseph who have different skin type
specifically dry and oily skin. This research study has provided answers to the research
questions like, what is the profile of the respondents, how feasible the malunggay
leaves and calamansi juice mixture as facial soap on different skin types, what is the
effects of malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture as facial soap on different
skin types and what are the level of acceptance of malunggay leaves and calamansi
juice mixture as facial soap. Data was collected through providing questionnaires and
was conducted for two weeks using startified sampling technique. A daily record was
also included in the questionnaires for observation and the researchers are intended to
determine and derive an idea easily with the effects of the soap for two weeks. The
result of this study is 4.15 are the mean score of those who have used the product
which is equivalent to “very good”, on the other hand, 3.4 are the mean score of those
who have tried using the facial soap which results to “good” effect on their skin.
Therefore, majority from the respondents stated that the facial soap is effective on
their skin specifically, it smoothens, refreshes, moisturize, brightens skin and reduces
oiliness. Thus indeed the malunggay-calamansi soap has an impression and definite
effect whether it is an oily skin or dry skin.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nowadays, people are focusing on herbal plants especially those who are common
in the environment. One of the examples are the malunggay (moringa) and calamansi
(calamondin) plant, based on research these plants are good for healing and treating
wounds and other skin infections. In this project the researchers want to make facial
soap out if it. People, researchers, scientists were focusing on medical plants because
they want to prove that there are plants that are effective against diseases especially
in skin.
According to Harrison (2009) most people know about the health benefits of a
malunggay plant but they are unaware of the fact that even this plant have several
medical properties and offer an array of health benefits that being packed with anti-
oxidants, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, malunggay leaves are
considered as a natural pain reliever.
Supply of proper nutrients is vital for the maintenance of healthy skin. Moringa is
loaded with nutrients like calcium, vitamin A, B, C, D, E; minerals like copper, iron,
zinc magnesium, silica, and manganese. Moringa has moisturizing and nourishing
properties and an excellent cleansing ability which makes it an active ingredient in
skin care products. Moringa leaves contain 30 antioxidants that contribute greatly

towards healthy skin. It is highly absorbable and hence helps in delivering these
powerful antioxidants to the skin cells (Sa, 2012).
In addition, calamansi juice or well known for the name “golden lime” in the
Philippines has a purifying effect which means it takes toxins in our body where in
this toxins contribute to skin problems. Its extract is loaded with vitamins, like most
citrus fruits are. It boosts immune system function, helps with eye health and
promotes speed healing of wounds. As well, it’s good for gum health and helps to
stop the risk of tooth decay. The secret of this juice’s superior skin-smoothing
benefits and other health benefits is its high vitamin C content (Labaguis, 2016).
In the local context, according to Wanderer (2011) he found that citrofortunella
microcarpa, the Calamondin or Calamansi, is a fruit tree in the family Rutaceae native
to the Philippine Islands and has been dubbed the calamondin, golden lime, panama
orange, chinese orange, acid orange, calamondin, or calamandarin in English.
The calamansi extract reduces oiliness in skin, thus clearing up skin problems such
as pimples, acne, blackheads and freckles. It also moisturizes and increases skin
hydration. The vitamin C in the juice penetrates the skin so it is more effective than
commercial products. (Timpson, 2012)
In the international context, according to Belo (2012) she concluded that moringa
leaves possesses exceptional oxidative stability which may explain why the Egyptians
placed vases of Moringa leaves in their tombs. The healing properties of Moringa
leaves were documented by ancient cultures. It has tremendous cosmetic value and is
used in body and hair care as a moisturizer and skin conditioner. Moringa leaves has
been used in skin preparations and ointments since Egyptians times. This is very long

lasting with a shelf life of up to 5 years. Applications of Moringa laves is highly valued
in the cosmetic industry for its unique property.
Lastly, owing to the side effects resulting from the usage of medicines and drugs,
herbal plants are being increasingly considered for the treatment of various diseases
and the malunggay leaves and calamansi juice are one of them. Due to its medical
properties the researchers planned to make these as facial soap for removing acne.
The acne vulgaris is one of the most unwanted skin disease especially for teenagers.
Acne and black spots are quite annoying as they adversely affect the appearance of
the skin. Malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture are also effective in
eliminating acne and black spots from the skin. They contain an anti-septic that can
kill acne causing bacteria.

B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Generally, this study aims to determine the feasibility of malunggay leaves and calamansi
juice as facial soap.
Specifically it attempts to answer the following questions:
1. How feasible is malunggay leaves and calamansi mixture as a facial soap?
2. How effective is malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture soap for
different skin types?
3. What is the level of acceptance of malunggay and calamansi juice mixture as
a facial soap?
C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be valuable and significant to the students from Grades 7-10
studying at the Academy of St. Joseph who suffer from skin problems specifically
acne, the readers, the ASJ community, and the future researchers.
The beneficiaries are the teenagers suffering from skin problems because they deal
with oily face and pimples and they are in the puberty stage which causes teenager’s
face to have acne. Likewise, teenagers spend most of their time in school and exposed
to pollution. This study talks about remedies and whether or not organic ingredients
can be used for skin care product.
This is primarily important to the readers to have deeper knowledge regarding
natural remedies and for skin problems this develops the value of resourcefulness and
open-mindedness to innovate in making alternative and natural remedies.
The ASJ community are to be benefited of this study because it can be made
locally, and the malunggay leaves and calamansi juice are abundant in the community.
It helps the community in a way that it is more affordable compared to expensive skin
care products and it is not harmful to the skin for all ingredients are organic.
Furthermore, this study benefits the people for in today’s world the surroundings
are polluted which causes our skin specifically the face to be damaged.
To the future researchers this may serve as their basis and reference if they want
to pursue this research study.

Generally, the result of this study is extensive to the general public in order to
familiarize and introduce to themselves the implication of organic ingredients in the
making of facial soap in treating acne.

D. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether the malunggay leaves and
calamansi juice are effective in treating acne. Likewise, studying the feasibility of
malunggay leaves and calamansi juice will be evident in this research undertaking. In
this the same way, it will recognize the effectivity of the facial soap to student who
have acne problems.
Given the 764 total number of students in Academy of St. Joseph, the research
will focus only on the selected Grades 7-10 students in conducting the set of survey
questions. The technique we will use will be purposive sampling since we decided
that the students who have acne breakouts will respond to the queries for the reason
that they have the most experience in having acne problems.
This research will be conducted and will be studied for 4 weeks or so which
involves identifying the needed population and sampling of the study, formulation of
close-ended questions basing from the research questions, gathering the needed
information from the respondents through a survey and interviews, and presenting the
result of the study.

E. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Acne- a condition in which the skin on a person’s face, neck, etc., has many small,
swollen spots
Antiseptic- a substance that prevents infection in a wound by killing bacteria
Calamansi- a small evergreen citrus tree (Citrofortunella x mitis), widely cultivated
as a houseplant for its glossy foliage and ornamental fruits
Inflammation- a condition in which a part of your body becomes red, swollen, and
painful
Malunggay- called the “Tree of life”, very popular food, medicinal and garden tree
in developing countries worldwide, sold in their local markets
Mild- not strong in action or effect
Mixture- something made by combining two or more ingredients
Naturopaths- the treatment of illness by using diet, herbs, exercises, etc., without
using standard drugs or surgery
Penetration- the act of going through or into something
Rejuvenate- to make feel or look young healthy or energetic again
Scrapes- to remove (something) from a surface by rubbing an object or tool against
it

Severe- causing a lot of physical pain or suffering
Soap- a substance that is used for washing something
Therapeutic- relating to the treatment of illness

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
HISTORY
Malunggay (moringa Oleifera) has been used as herbal medicine in many cultures
for hundreds of years, malunggay is known as a very nutritious plant where it is
malunggay is widely believed to contain high value nutrients and consumption of
which promotes general well being. Malunggay is also called a “miracle tree”
primarily for the various health benefits it can provide for almost all kinds of diseases
anad medical conditions. Moreover almost all of its parts have use- from its roots,
pods, barks, flowers and leaves. Malunggay is used for skin rejuvenation, the
malunggay is also used to wash sores, cuts, skin ulcers, wounds and other skin
diseases to alleviate pain and promote healing.
EFFECTS OF CALAMANSI JUICE AND MALUNGGAY LEAVES MIXTURE IN
DIFFERENT SKIN TYPES
Moringa deeply nourish and moisturize dry and sensitive skin.
Moringa is best recommended for those with the following skin
conditions:For dry and sensitive skin,for itchy skin,aging skin,skin asthma
and Keratosis Pilaris. The benefits of Malunggay soap are the following: H elps
slow down signs of aging, stimulates cell regeneration and skin renewal,
improves skin elasticity and suppleness, anti-bacterial and anti-acne, skin
lightening (Adeline,2016).

LEVEL OF ACCEPTANCE AS FACIAL SOAP
Most people actively try to minimize the amount of toxins that enter their body.
They eat good food, they drink purified water, they breathe purified air, and some
even take added measures to detoxify their body. However, what many people don’t
realize is that toxins can be absorbed through their skin. No time is this more important
than when deciding what kind of soap to use. Given the industrious process used to
produce many of the commonly known soaps, it’s not a surprise that most
contain questionable chemicals, dyes, and fragrances… questionable substances that
many of us would be better off avoiding. If you want to minimize the “casual toxins”
you and your family are exposed to, consider using organic soap. Many people have
sensitive skin that doesn’t respond well to chemically laden soap. By using organic
soap, you might be able to avoid, or at least reduce, the skin problems that are caused
by irritating chemical ingredients. Organic soap contains ingredients that are not, and
have not been produced with, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, or pesticides. It’s
invaluable for those who suffer from chemical sensitivities (Edwards, 2016)

Even if you don’t break out in a full body rash, the chemicals used to make
conventional soap will most assuredly dry your skin. Non-organic soaps usually do
not contain glycerin (a moisturizing agent). Unfortunately, many people wait until
itchy, dry skin is a problem before making the switch to natural soap. Using organic
soap has other benefits. First off, most organic soaps are cruelty-free, meaning they’re
not tested on animals. Purchasing natural and organic products is better for the
environment, too. Organic ingredients are grown without chemicals and pesticides,
both of which can pollute the water supply, air, and soil. Organic soap might not lead
the charge in saving the world but it supports the fundamental effort.
The Benefits of Moringa Soap
The Moringa tree has long been used for a variety of healing and health
purposes. In many parts of the world it is a key source of nutrition since it is
packed with protein and other essential nutrients that promote overall wellness.
However, Moringa’s benefits aren’t just restricted to internal ones; soap from
Moringa can have powerful results for a number of external issues . Typically a
powder is made from harvested moringa leaves, which can then be added to
other ingredients to create soap.
It Acts As an Antioxidant
Just like your internal organs, your skin can greatly benefit from flushing out
toxins, and the power of the tree can be harnessed in Moringa Soap. The
astringent properties of the plant help to dry out infections and wounds and
have proven to be effective with killing germs, leaving skin cleaner and clearer.
Moringa is packed with over 45 types of antioxidants that will benefit your
body inside and out. Because of this, Moringa is great to have on hand for
cleaning out fresh injuries. Many soap products contain scents and other
artificial components, while Moringa will naturally help to reduce swelling in
the area, and will promote healing while cleaning out germs.
It is natural and non-toxic many cosmetic products that promise clear skin
actually contain harsh chemicals that can do more damage than good. Using
soap with Moringa in it can give you all the benefits of clearing out skin without
introducing any harmful toxins into your body. Natural, organic products work
more harmoniously with your body.
This also helps Moringa soap reduce inflammation in the skin, which has
proven incredibly helpful in relieving pain and irritation related to eczema and
other skin disorders, as well as from day-to-day stress.It Is Packed With
Vitamins,while many people prefer taking vitamins internally, your skin can
also benefit from directly receiving nutrients. When you are in the sun, your
body receives most of its vitamin D intake through your skin. Therefore, using
a soap filled with the power of Moringa can help treat your skin issues and help
with your overall wellness.
Moringa contains over 90 essential nutrients, and has huge amounts of
Vitamin A and C, which can help boost your immunity and will make skin seem
brighter. It also contains Vitamin B, which can be helpful for getting more
energy without crashing, and Vitamin D and E, both essential in keeping skin
healthy from the inside out. Moringga makes skin smooth because moringa is a
natural substance, using it as a cleaner won’t leave residue on your skin, which

some soaps do. Overall, because of its relaxing and antioxidant properties,
using soap from moringa will help your skin feel and look smoother, while the
vitamins give it a healthy glow. Moringga can help fight aging, this helps skin
to retain flexibility and moisture, making sure lines and wrinkles stay away.
(Swade, 2014)
Calamansi is very high in vitamin C and is a natural skin whitener, helps
eliminate bad odor, lightens dark areas, good for all skin types and safe for
kids,pregnant and lactating moms. Using organic soap lessen the risk of
irritation and harmful side effects (Aurelio, 2005)
As stated by Villa (2010) in the Philippines, most who have issues on skin
especially on the face used calamansi juice because of the benefits that are being
packed with this. Calamansi has vitamin C which enhances beauty, by rejuvenating
skin from within and thus bringing a glow on the face. That's because vitamin C, also
known as ascorbic acid, is key to the production of collagen, a protein that aids in the
growth of cells and blood vessels and gives skin its firmness and strength. She also
added that one of the natural benefits of calamansi, it acts as a natural skin bleaching
agent. It is good for treating dark spots or discoloration of the skin, it helps erase scars
and other blemishes for a more even tone. In fact some skin whitening soap
manufacturers use it as their main ingredient for soap. It is also a popular main
ingredient for facial cleansers and toners nowadays. Also, the extract reduces oiliness
in skin, thus clearing up skin problems such as pimples, acne, blackheads and freckles.
It also moisturizes and increases skin hydration. The Vitamin C in the juice penetrates
the skin so it is more effective than commercial products which can be rubbed off or
removed when washing or taking a bath (Damilong, 2008).

added that one of the natural benefits of calamansi is it acts as a natural skin bleaching
According to Catanese (2014) moringa used around the world for everything
from healing skin and strengthening skin to fighting stomach issues and even creating
clean drinking water, the Moringa plant has a long list of beauty and health benefits
that are just waiting to be tapped into (its oil is very similar to coconut oil). Although
it’s a below-the radar plant in U.S., moringa (a.k.a the drumstick or miracle tree, even
mother’s best friend) is well known around the world and gaining notoriety stateside
as a powerful cure-all from a beauty, nutrition and health perspective. This tropical
flowering plant is native to parts of Africa and Asia, including the base of the

Himalayas in India, and provides a 360 scope of benefits thanks to the healing power
of its inherent 90 nutrients, including 46 antioxidants and abundant minerals.
When it comes to using moringa skin deep, the most commonly used aspect is
its oil. Also known as ben oil, it’s extracted from the seeds of the plant, and has been
used to treat hair and skin as far back as ancient Roman, Greek and Egyptian times—
from a natural hydrator to hair oil and perfume—as well as today. Because it has about
two times more protein (the main building block of hair) than yogurt and four times
that of eggs, it is a rich source of fatty acids (great for nourishing skin), along with
several B vitamins, iron, vitamin C and A, and a long list of trace minerals (such as
calcium and zinc), moringa provides deep nutrition for hair and skin, too. (Canon,
2012)
Acoording to Fusco (2015), she says that laced with high amounts of
antioxidants, it helps the skin by scavenging and quenching free radicals, which
accelerate aging. She added that some of her patients have used it on their face in lieu
of moisturizer, while others “spike their regular moisturizer with it. It’s a good source
of amino acids and beta carotene (which is a derivative of vitamin A). Vitamin A is
retinoic acid and important for good eye and skin health, plus it’s naturally an
antioxidant, has been shown to help reduce wrinkles, support collagen production,
increase cell turnover and can repair sun-damaged skin.
The Calamansi juice comes from a fruit which is indigenous to Southeast Asia.
It’s a drink that people in the Philippines love and its nickname is “golden lime”.
When you drink it, you’ll find that it has a purifying effect. This means that it takes
toxins out of the body. Since toxins contribute to skin problems, it’s good to know

that this juice helps to remove them from your body. As well, as a bonus, drinking
this juice regularly may help you to shed some unwanted pounds. Calamansi benefits
for skin are so easy to access. In fact, accessing calamansi juice benefits is really as
easy as getting some Calamansi fruit and mixing up a delicious drink. Most people
squeeze five pieces of the fruit into glasses or warm or cold H20 and then add a little
sugar to balance the tartness. Sugar is optional. If you do want to use it, just add a
little and test the drink. You may always add more later. (HealthyWhite, 2016).
Calamondin, a native citrus plant in the Philippines and China, is cultivated in
Southeast Asia and elsewhere as an important crop. In the U.S. and Europe, it is grown
mainly as an outstanding ornamental. The tree, which is often trained as a bonsai, will
bloom year-round; filling the air with the aroma of citrus blossom. Flower and fruit
often will appear at the same time. The tree has upright branches with very few thorns
and can grow up to 10 feet high. Its 3-inch evergreen leaves are broadly oval and pale
green below like those of the kumquat. Its flowers are white and small. The 1 3/4-
inch-wide fruit is small, depressed, globose and deep orange-yellow when ripe, loose-
skinned and, segmented. The pulp is very acidic. Mature fruit can be produced year
round. It is said that it is an acid citrus, a group that includes lemons and limes. The
flesh is orange, juicy and acid, with a fine lime-orange flavor. Because of this, it is
usually grouped with the limes. The small seeds are few, with characteristic green
cotyledons. One bite of this fruit can pucker your mouth. The fruit, when ripe, is very
sour when first tasted. Subsequent tasted fruits make your mouth sweet. If the fruit is
picked too soon, it is bitter (Gomez, 2014).

Calamansi juice is derived from the calamansi fruit, an extremely sour variety
of citrusfruit commonly called golden lime. It is also known as calamondin and is
scientifically known as Citrofortunella microcarpa. This fruit is a hybrid of a member
of the citrus genus, that is to say, orange and kumquat, and is widely cultivated in
Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines. This sour fruit is rich in vitamin C and
certain antioxidants, such as limonene, as well potassium, vitamin A, and calcium.
Although the juice of this fruit is incredibly sour, many people still consume it on a
regular basis due to its many impressive health benefits. (OrganicFacts, 2018)
added that one of the natural benefits of calamansi is it acts as a natural skin bleaching

All over Asia, people use calamansi juice on their skin, as it functions like
a naturalbleaching agent. In addition to clearing the skin
of blemishes or discoloration, it can also deliver antioxidants to the skin that will
prevent wrinkles and other signs of aging. (Schleiver, 2010). The health benefits
of calamansi juice include weight loss, improved digestion, reduced respiratory
disorders, enhanced immunity, relief from constipation, as well as prevention
from cancer and kidney stones. Lime is also used in the treatment
of scurvy, piles, pepticulcer, gout, and gums. It also aids in skin care, hair care, and
eye care.
This zesty tropical fruit has been well known for its medicinal properties for
ages. Lime finds its application in cosmetic and health products too. Extracted from
the lime’s peel or skin, lime essential oil is extensively used
in aromatherapy and perfumes.
Predominantly known for its ascorbic acid reserves, lime provides 32% of the
daily recommended vitamin C intake. It has high water content and a good source
of minerals like calcium, iron, copper, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus,
and potassium as well as vitamins like folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin K.
Calamansi juice which contains healthy acids, helps remove dead
cells when applied to the skin. It builds collagen, rejuvenates the skin, and improves
overall texture. It also protects the skin from infections as well as
cures rashes, acne, pimples, bruises, and blemishes. Lime fights skin damage caused
due to sun, dust, and pollution. Its antioxidant and astringent properties help
reduce wrinkles, as well as cure dark spots, skin tan, and open pores.

Calamansi juice have many surprising medicinal, culinary, and
cosmetic uses. As a cleansing agent, it can easily increase the cleansing properties of
any facial cleanser or shampoo by merely adding 2-3 drops of it. As a Cosmetic
Products, lime is used in cosmetic products like body oil, hair oil, toothpaste,
beauty soap, disinfectant, mouthwash, and deodorant. (Organic Facts, 2018)
Malunggay, known as horse-radish tree or Ben oil tree in English and whose
scientific name is Moringa oleifera is indeed a very useful plant. It is rich in nutrients;
it helps clean turbid water because it acts as a flocculant that is able to precipitate
suspended particles; it is a source of oil; and it has some medicinal properties.
Malunggay is easy to plant and is drought resistant. It is grown all over the Philippines
as a backyard tree and is available throughout the year. The leaves, flowers and fruits
(that are pods) of malunggay are edible and Filipinos eat them as vegetable.
Malunggay leaves are loaded with nutrients, especially vitamins and mineral.
Research study conducted by Dr. Lydia Marero of the Food and Nutrition Research
Institute (FNRI) of the Philippines revealed that one hundred grams or one cup of
cooked malunggay leaves contain 3.1g protein, 0.6 g fiber, 96mg calcium, 29mg
phosphorus, 1.7 mg iron, 2,820 mg beta-carotene, 0.07 mg thiamin, 0.14 mg
riboflavin, 1.1 mg niacin and 53 mg ascorbic acid (Vit. C). Compared to equivalent
amounts (in weight) of other foods, malunggay has seven times more Vitamin C than
oranges, four times more calcium and two more times more protein than milk, four
times more vitamin A than carrots and three times more potassium than bananas.
Malunggay has numerous reported medicinal properties, but only a few have been
scientifically proven. Regular consumption of malunggay can greatly help in
preventing micro-nutrient deficiency (especially among children), a condition that is

still prevalent in many parts of the country. To this end, the Department of
Agriculture’s Biotechnology Program has successfully conducted studies on how to
fortify all sort of food products including noodles, juices, milk and bread with
malunggay.
Legarda (2014) has picked up the idea and is advocating for the fortification
of instant noodles with malunggay as an inexpensive way to enrich the Filipino
household diet and put in check widespread micronutrient deficiency. Malunggay
contains high levels of beta-carotene, Vitamin C and E, and the phytochemical
niaziminin. These substances are potent antioxidants that protect the cells of the body
from getting damaged by free radicals. Free radicals are believed to contribute to such
disorders as cancer, heart disease and many other conditions associated with aging. In
other words, malunggay could help prevent many forms of cancer and delay the aging
process. Among lactating mothers, eating malunggay leaves increases the flow of
milk. This is another health benefit of malunggay that has already been proven. The
numerous other reports on the medicinal properties of malunggay are mostly folkloric
in nature and still scientifically unproven. At any rate, let me enumerate some of them.
Malunggay pods when eaten are reported effective against intestinal parasites.
Decoction of boiled malunggay roots when used as gargle evidently alleviates
hoarseness and sore throat; when used to wash sores and ulcers, it helps dry these
lesions because it has antibacterial properties. Malunggay seeds are apparently good
for gout, asthma, and hiccups, and rheumatic pains. The juice of the roots when
infused into the ears relieves otalgia or earache, while eating the leaves and fruits
relieves constipation. The flowers when boiled with soy milk act as aphrodisiac.

Malunggay has also been reported to be of help in controlling diabetes and high blood
pressure. (Manila Bulletin Health & Science Details, 2018)
Bhagat (2017) he stated that extract of moringa leaves is widely used in the
cosmetic industry as it has many therapeutic and skin purifying properties. It removes
impurities from the skin and rejuvenates it. It also enhances fairness and maintains the
natural skin color. Take a handful of Moringa leaves Grind with little water. Make a
smooth paste Apply it evenly on your face as a mask Leave it for 15-20 min Wash off
with water for beautiful glowing skin. Hope you like our post on moringa leaves
benefits. Include moringa leaves in your daily diet and reap the numerous skin, hair
and health benefits. Do share your experience with us. Stay fit, stay healthy!
Green Virgin Products (2016) Moringa’s benefits aren’t just restricted to
internal ones; soap from Moringa can have powerful results for a number of external
issues. Typically a powder is made from harvested moringa leaves, which can then be
added to other ingredients to create soap. It Acts As an Antioxidant Just like your
internal organs, your skin can greatly benefit from flushing out toxins, and the power
of the tree can be harnessed in Moringa Soap. The astringent properties of the plant
help to dry out infections and wounds and have proven to be effective with killing
germs, leaving skin cleaner and clearer. Moringa is packed with over 45 types of
antioxidants that will benefit your body inside and out. Because of this, Moringa is
great to have on hand for cleaning out fresh injuries. Many soap products contain
scents and other artificial components, while Moringa will naturally help to reduce
swelling in the area, and will promote healing while cleaning out germs. It is Natural
and Non-Toxic Many cosmetic products that promise clear skin actually contain harsh
chemicals that can do more damage than good. Using soap with Moringa in it can give
you all the benefits of clearing out skin without introducing any harmful toxins into
your body. Natural, organic products work more harmoniously with your body. This
also helps Moringa soap reduce inflammation in the skin, which has proven incredibly
helpful in relieving pain and irritation related to eczema and other skin disorders, as
well as from day-to-day stress. It Is Packed With Vitamins while many people prefer
taking vitamins internally, your skin can also benefit from directly receiving nutrients.
When you are in the sun, your body receives most of its vitamin D intake through
your skin. Therefore, using a soap filled with the power of Moringa can help treat
your skin issues and help with your overall wellness. Moringa contains over 90
essential nutrients, and has huge amounts of Vitamin A and C, which can help boost
your immunity and will make skin seem brighter. It also contains Vitamin B, which
can be helpful for getting more energy without crashing, and Vitamin D and E, both
essential in keeping skin healthy from the inside out. It Makes Skin Smooth because
Moringa is a natural substance, using it as a cleaner won’t leave residue on your skin,
which some soaps do. Overall, because of its relaxing and antioxidant properties,
using soap from Moringa will help your skin feel and look smoother, while the
vitamins give it a healthy glow. It Can Help Fight Aging Don’t be fooled by expensive
cosmetic companies’ overpriced products, Moringa’s high vitamin content and
antioxidants help it to block skin from being dried out. This helps skin to retain
flexibility and moisture, making sure lines and wrinkles stay away. All natural, super
luxurious and handcrafted with an added health bonus – This makes the handmade
soaps from Green Virgin Products a special product. We’ve tested and experimented
with lots of ingredients before we created an exclusive soap that is so rich and
luxurious, you will feel like royalty every time you use it. Get 10% off your purchase
today, just use coupon code: 10off. Moringa is one of the world’s most nutritious
green. Its tiny leaves actually contain more nutrients than other popular food sources.
Moringa has 7 times the vitamin C of oranges, 4 times the vitamin A of carrots, 4
times the calcium of milk, 3 times the potassium of bananas, and twice the protein of
yogurt. These vitamins are great not just great for nourishing the skin from the inside
out; your overall health benefits as well.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

• The subjects will skip their skin care routine if

ever for 2 weeks.
• The subjects will use the malunggay and
INPUT calamansi soap as their skin care soap.
• Wash the calamansi and cut it into two, squeeze the

calamansi to remove the extract.
• Remove the moringa leaves from its stem, use a blender
to extract the juice of the moringa leaves. After
extracting the moringa prepare all the oil for mixing.
• Pour the virgin oil and essential oil in a large basin.
• For initial mixing, use a whisk. After mixing it pour the
extracted moringa as well then continue on mixing add
the extracted calamansi juice.
PROCESS • Wrap the soap base with a plastic then boil it into the
water for melting.
• After melting combine the extracted mixture into it and
mix it well.
• Spray rubbing alcohol on the soap mold to avoid air
bubble when pouring the mixture.
• Leave the soap and let it harden.
• Malunggay-calamansi facial soap

OUTPUT
Figure 1.0 the diagram shows the relationship between the independent variable and
the dependent variable.

THESIS STATEMENT: “ Acceptability of Malunggay-Calamansi Soap Effectivity
of Malunggay Leaves and Calamansi Juice as an Alternative Facial Soap”
Alternative Hypothesis:
There is a significant relationship between malunggay leaves and calamansi
juice mixture as facial soap
According to Khrystal Beauty Essences Skin Care Products (2016)
malunggay-calamansi soap is full of skin nutrients that nourish and whitens your
skin without stripping its natural oils. It helps slow down signs of skin ageing,
stimulate cell regeneration and moisturize dry skin.
Ghana Permaculture Institute(2008) the moringa and calamansi soap are very
good for treating skin complaints and are very popular amongst local people.
Indeendent laboratories have proven and analyzed that the active ingredients is safe
and beneficial and can be sold in herbal and drug store locally and internationally.
Food and Drug Administration (2012) the moringa and calamansi are not
included in the list of prohibited and restricted in soap making and cosmetics.
Actually, moringa and calamansi are mostly used by the manufacturers as the main
ingredient in soap making.
Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant relationship between malunggay leaves and calamansi juice

mixture as facial soap.

Same (2016), states that calamansi soap can be harmful when it comes to
sensitive skin because of its organic acids and phenolic acids components that can
damage the outer layer of the skin causing blemishes and uneven skin tone so it is not
suitable as a soap for those who have sensitive skin.
Min (2013, calamansi soap can cause itchiness that irritates the skin and could
possibly dry the face skin. He also added that malunggay soap does not have the ability
to better improve the state of the skin and has an unpleasant smell taht is not suitable
in making soap.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Materials of the Study
The materials that was used in the study were; malunggay leaves (2
cups),calamansi (8 pieces), soap base (1 kilo), soap molds , olive oil (20ml), vanilla
fragrance oil (1tsp), basin, whisk , rubbing alcohol, blender , measuring spoon and
cups, strainer, mica pigment (teal).
General Procedure
1. Wash the calamansi and cut it into two, squeeze the calamansi and use the strainer
to remove the seeds from the juice, and measure the extract measuring 20 ml.

2. Remove the moringa leaves from its stem, use a blender to remove the extract
from the malunggay leaves afterwhich, prepare the 20 ml olive oil for mixing.
3. Pour the moringa oil and calamansi juice extract a large basin.
4. Cut the glycerin thinly to minimize the time intended for melting. Boil water in a
pot and put a basin on top of it, and afterwhich, melt the glycerin.
5. After melting, combine the mixture and gradually add the pigment while
continuously stirring in one direction to avoid the appearance of bubbles.
Afterwards pour the 1 tsp. Vanilla extract unto the mixture while continuously
stirring.
6. When all the components are diffused properly unto the mixture, prepare the
silicone molders and spray a rubbing alcohol into the soap mold to avoid air
bubble.
7. Leave it for 24 hours to harden.
Data Gathering Procedure
In this study, data will be collected using survey method. This study is
experimental research design which makes use of cross-sectional wherein population
is studied at a given point in time. In conducting the said study, the researchers will
obtain permission from the school principal since this survey is conducted in
Academy of St. Joseph. The respondents will use the malunggay- calamansi soap and
later they will be asked to use the commercial soap, afterwhich they will answer the
survey questions.

A. RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design used in the study is Quantitative research design specifically
Experimental research design wherein it is the systematic and scientific approach to
research in which the researchers manipulate one or more variables, and controls and
measures any change in other variables.
B. SAMPLING
Sampling is done to reduce the number respondents and lessen the expenses used
in the study. In connection, the researchers used random sampling technique wherein
all members of a group have an equal and independent chance of being selected.
Simply, the researchers randomly selected individuals to represent an entire group as
a whole.
C. RESEARCH LOCALE
The researchers selected only thirty (30) respondents from the Junior Highschool
students of the Academy of St. Joseph of Centro-II Claveria, Cagayan. The
researchers selected 15 male respondents and 15 female respondents.
D. RESEARCH TOOL

The respondents will undergo surveys by means of checklist. Which is a closed
research instrument designed to test attitudes and perceptions on current product
offerings or clearly defined future offerings. The said checklist will determine the
satisfaction of the users regarding the malunggay calamansi soap compared to the
commercial soap, the consumers general acceptability of malunggay-calamansi soap
compared to commercial soap, and to analyze the cost production of malunggay-
calamansi soap towards the Junior Highschool students. They are given set of
questions wherein the first (1st) part assesses the profile of the respondents, followed
by set of questions which determines satisfaction of the users in malunggay-
calamansi soap compared to the satisfaction of the users regarding the use of
commercial soap. Followed by the (2nd) part which assesses the comparison of
malunggay-calamansi soap in contrast to the commercial,wherein it is composed of
choices and was rated 3 as the highest (excellent) and 1 as the lowest (poor). The
third (3rd) part assesses the general acceptability of the malunggay calamansi soap
compared to the commercial soap wherein there are five (5) questions and each
question is rated using the 4-point Likert scale, being 4 as the highest and 1 as the
lowest. The (4th) part analyzes the cost production of the malunggay-calamansi soap
wherein they are given five (5) questions and each question is rate using the 4-point
Likert scale being 4 as the highest and 1 as the lowest.
E. RESEARCH PHOTO

Malunggay-Calamansi Soap
F. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE
G. DATA ANALYSIS
In making data analysis, researchers will undergo data cleansing, data coding,
data presentation, data interpretation and discussion. The data collected were analyzed
using the statistical methods. Furthermore, data analysis would be presented through
tabular presentation so that the result would be more clear and understandable.
MATERIALS IN MAKING MALUNGGAY-CALAMANSI SOAP
PROCEDURES IN MAKING MALUNGGAY-CALAMANSI SOAP

CHAPTER IV
A. DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
TABLE 1
PROFILE VARIABLES OF THE RESPONDENTS
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 5 25%

Female 15 75%
TOTAL 20 100%
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
12 8 40%
13 4 20%
14 3 15%
15 5 25%
TOTAL 20 100%
SKIN TYPE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Oily skin 10 50%
Dry skin 10 50%
TOTAL 20 100%
Table 1
Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in
terms of their gender, skin type, and age in the feasibility of malunggay leaves and
calamansi juice mixture as an alternative facial soap. The table above shows that the
female respondents are greater in number than male respondents with 15 or 75% and
5 or 25% respectively. Furthermore, it shows that the ages of the respondents are not

far from each other. Most number of respondents are ages 12 with the percentage of
40%. Hence, the least number of respondents are ages 14 with 3 or 15%. On the other
hand, in terms of skin type, the number of oily-skinned respondents and the number
of dry-skinned respondents are balanced with 10 or 50%.
TABLE 2
HOW FEASIBLE THE MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMNASI JUICE
MIXTURE AS FACIAL SOAP ON DRY AND OILY SKIN
PRODUCT CRITERIA MEAN DESCRIPTIVE
RATINGS
1. Fragrance 3.7 VERY GOOD
2. Texture 3.7 VERY GOOD
3. Color 3.7 VERY GOOD
4. Solubility 3.55 VERY GOOD

5. Appearance 3.75 VERY GOOD
Table 2
Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents of how
feasible the malunggay leaves and calamansi juice soap mixture as facial soap on dry
and oily skin type. It shows that the fragrance, texture, color, solubility, and
appearance of the soap was given the same rating of very good with a mean of 3.55,
3.7, 3.7, 3.7, 3.75 respectively. It clearly shows that the appearance of the soap aimed
the highest mean of the soap which is 3.75.
TABLE 3
EFFECTS OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE SOAP

TABLE 3
EFFECTS OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE SOAP

EFFECTS ON FACE SKIN MEAN DESCRIPTVE
RATINGS
1. Refreshes Skin 4.05 VERY GOOD
2. Moisturizes Skin 3.85 VERY GOOD
3. Brightens Skin 3.55 VERY GOOD
4. Smoothens Skin 4.15 VERY GOOD
5. Reduces Oiliness 3.15 GOOD
6. Reduces Pimples 3.4 GOOD
7. Roughens Skin 1.95 FAIR
8. Dulls Skin 2.05 FAIR
9. Dries Skin 2.3 FAIR
10. Darkens Skin 2.3 FAIR
11. Irritates Skin 1.75 FAIR

12. Appearance of Pimples 2 FAIR
Table 3
Table 3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents of the
effects of malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture as facial soap on dry and
oily skin type. Majority of the respondents stated that the facial soap has a very good
effect on their skin with the mean of 4.15, 4.05, 3.85, 3.55 correspondingly, while
some of them only stated that it is good on their skin specifically reducing oiliness
and reducing pimples with the mean of 3.4 and 3.15. On the other hand, it is reasonable
for them that the facial soap did not affect their skin through roughness, dullness,
dryness, appearance of pimples and the like with the mean score of 2.3, 2.3, 2.05, 2,
1.95, 1.75 respectively fair.
TABLE 4
LEVEL OF ACCEPTANCE OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI
JUICE EXTRACT MIXTURE AS FACIAL SOAP
ACCEPTANCE MEAN DESCRIPTIVE
RATINGS
1. Is malunggay - 2.75 AGREE

calamansi mixture
soap effective to
your skin?
2. Is malunggay and 2.7 AGREE
calamansi mixture

good ingridients in
making soap?
3. Are you satisfied 2.75 AGREE
with the result of the
product on your
skin?
4. Is the product 2.6 AGREE
recommendable to
the community?
5. Is the product good 2.6 AGREE
enough to be
offered in the
market?
Table 4
Table 4 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents of level
of acceptance of malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture as facial soap. It
shows that the respondents agreed in all the questions given on the third part of the
questionnaire regarding to the level acceptance of the said product followed with a
mean of 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, 2.75, 2.75 correspondingly. It states that the malunggay leaves
and calamansi juice mixture as facial soap can be an effective soap to face skin, can
be a good ingredient in making soap. As well as it is recommended to the community
for using it and can also be offered in the market for commercial.

B. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATION OF FINDINGS
The profile of the respondents is essential to know whether or not it affects or
have an impact on the study. The profile of the respondents were assessed by their
name, age, grade level and section, and skin type. Meanwhile the respondents were
taken from the Junior Highschool. In total, there were 20 chosen respondents who
used the product and answered the questionnaire, 10 respondents having oily skin type
and 10 having dry skin type wherein stratified sampling was used. Moreover, there
are more female respondents than male. Most female respondents have dry skin and
most male respondents have oily skin.The profile of the respondents is necessary for
it brought a big help to the researchers to identify the effect of the soap on different
skin types.
On the first part of the checklist, the researchers determined that the malunggay-
calamansi is feasible as facial soap by means of fragrance, texture, color, solubility,
and appearance. Wherein majority of the respondents agreed that the product has an
excellent appearance, however some of the respondents stated that the product has
poor solubility. Basically it implies that the malunggay and calamansi, which is an
organic component is feasible to use as an ingredient in making soap.
Furthermore, the effects of malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture as
facial soap in different skin types were assessed and examined. Majority of the
respondents rated the product’s effects as very good, wherein the respondents agreed
that the product smoothens their skin, however some respondents stated that the
product somewhat dries their skin. Hence, it entails that the malunggay-calamansi
soap has a good impression and definite effect in different skin type especially oily
skin, because the product reduces the oiliness of the skin.
Level of acceptance of malunggay leaves and calamansi soap is essential in order
to know whether the malunggay-calamansi soap is acceptable in the market and to the
costumers, and can be recognize in the community. Along with the answers of the
respondents, they positively viewed that malunggay and calamansi are good
components in making soap and is effective on different skin types. The product
reached the satisfaction of the respondents and is recommendable and good enough
to be offered in the market.
The last part of the questionnaire is the daily record, wherein the respondents
were asked to note their observation daily for two weeks. The daily record allows the
researcher to easily derive ideas and to know the effect of the product or the
observation of the respondents regarding the product daily starting from the date of
the first usage up to the second week of the last usage. On the first 3 days the
respondents haven't noticed any effect yet, on the remaining days the majority of the
respondents stated that it makes their skin smooth.

CHAPTER V
I. CONCLUSION
The researchers have come up with the outcome based from the tables and
records obtained from gathering and interpreting of data, discussion of findings and
after conducting a comprehensive with the study.
There are many factors to consider which help in finding out that the
malunggay-calamansi mixture soap is feasible. Based on the survey, the product
criteria such as the fragrance, texture, color, solubility, and appearance gives a
favorable answer. Which entails that the malunggay leaves and calamansi juice
mixture is suited as a component in the soap making.
In the effectiveness of the product it gives positive responses such as it
refreshes skin, moisturizes skin, brightens skin, smoothens skin, and reduces oiliness
and pimples. The product is effective in both skin type (Dry skin and Oily akin) but
most specially oily skin, for the product reduces the oiliness of the skin which makes
it effective.
The level of acceptance is a must know in order to determine whether the
product reached the satisfactory level of the respondents and whether it is acceptable
to the community. In terms of the level of acceptance, 2.6 out of 3 have agreed that
the mixture and the ingredients used as well as the product itself is acceptable to the
community and can be offered to the market because of its natural and unique
components.
The researchers therefore conclude that the malunggay leaves and calamansi
juice extract as facial soap is feasible apart from the good effects it brought .
Furthermore the alternative hypothesis is more likely accepted than the null
hypothesis because it shows that there is a significant relationship between the
malunggay leaves and calamansi juice mixture.

II. RECOMMENDATION
The researchers of “The Feasibility of Malunggay and Calamansi Juice
Mixture as an Alternative Facial Soap” considers that this research study would help
and benefit the future researchers that serves as their basis and guidance for their
research study that is related to their topic.
The research tools used were enough and effective in gathering data however
the younger ones mostly at the age of 12 years old didn’t take the questionnaires
seriously because they don’t know yet the value of those papers. Nevertheless, the
older respondents are more responsible in answering the questionnaires.
The researchers also struggled in selecting the respondents due to the reason
that the sampling technique were not easily defined whether it should be base from
the skin type or it should be randomly selected, however the researchers were able to
overcome the problem and have determined the sampling method used in the study.
The researchers also encourage the future researchers that who are interested
to continue this study must focus on the statement of the problem and the
interconnections of each variables, similarly on how feasible the product based on its
fragrance and solubility.

REFERENCES
Grosso, A. (2012). The Everything Soapmaking Book, 3rd Edition. Adams Media
Corporation, Massachusetts
Harden, M & Latcavage, E. (2013). Natural Soap Making. Stackpole Books,
Pennsylvania
Westerman, K. C. (2000) Melt and Mold Soap Crafting. Storey Publishing, Vermont
Gale, M. (2012)..Good Manufacturing Services for Soap and Cosmetic
Handcrafters. Cinnabar Press, Broadbent, Oregon
Watson, A. (2016). Smart Soapmaking. Shepard Publications, Washington
Cavitch, S. M. (1997). Soapmaker’s Companion: A Comprehensive Guide with
Recipes, Techniques, and Know-How. Storey Publishing, Vermont
Ersser S. & Penzer R. (2010). Principles of Skin Care: A Guide for Nurses and
Health Care Practitioners. John Wiley & Sons
FDA.Cosmetics: Guidance & Regulations. Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients.
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, (2016). ePublication
British Journal of Dermatology, (2008). pages 23-34
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, (2007) pages 75-82
WHO, (2001). General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation
of Traditional Medicines

Richter R.K. (2003). Herbal Medicine: Chaos in the Marketplace. Haworth Herbal
Press, New York
Alfajora, J., Gatcho, B. & McNaughton, G. (2013). Ampalunggay Soap. Unpublished
Thesis, Quezon City
ELECTRONIC SOURCE
Frankie (2008). Why is beauty so important, or is it. Retrieved from
http://skinbeautifulblog.wordpress.com/2008/02/21/why-is-beauty-so-important-or-
is-it/ on October 12, 2013.
Sharma T. (2013). What age wrinkles appear. Retrieved from
http://skincare.lovetoknow.com/What_Age_Wrinkles_Appear on October 12, 2013.
Rafie R. (2013). Bitter melon: production and market. Retrieved from
http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/crops/vegetables/pdf/BitterMelon.pdf on October 12,
2013.




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ACADEMY OF ST.

JOSEPH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

Academy of St. Joseph

Presented to the Faculty and Staff

Mr. Mark Anthony T. Domingo

A. Background of the Study …………………………………………..…..…4-6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………13-33

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design …………………………………………………….34-35

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

talents, efforts, and times to make this study into reality;

the preparation and conduct of the study;

they have extended in order to make this study a successful venture.

during the course of the study.

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

This research study titled, “THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY

LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE MIXTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE

FACIAL SOAP” prepared and submitted by ASHLEY VALIENTE, EDITHEL

MANGOBA, MARVELYN BALUSCANG and SHAIRA CACPAL in partial

recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.

MARK ANTHONY TAGALA DOMINGO

Approved by the panel of oral examination with a grade of ___%

Approve in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research II

(Introduction to Quantitative Research).

MARK ANTHONY TAGALA DOMINGO REMAR P. AGCAOILI, MAED

FR. JEROME A. ADRIATICO, SVD

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

2018: The Feasibility of Malunggay Leaves and Calamansi Juice Mixture as an

effect whether it is an oily skin or dry skin.

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

oxidants, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, malunggay leaves are

considered as a natural pain reliever.

properties and an excellent cleansing ability which makes it an active ingredient in

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

powerful antioxidants to the skin cells (Sa, 2012).

In the local context, according to Wanderer (2011) he found that citrofortunella

orange, chinese orange, acid orange, calamondin, or calamandarin in English.

commercial products. (Timpson, 2012)

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

in the cosmetic industry for its unique property.

kill acne causing bacteria.

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

juice as facial soap.

Specifically it attempts to answer the following questions:

1. How feasible is malunggay leaves and calamansi mixture as a facial soap?

different skin types?

3. What is the level of acceptance of malunggay and calamansi juice mixture as

C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

can be used for skin care product.

This is primarily important to the readers to have deeper knowledge regarding

open-mindedness to innovate in making alternative and natural remedies.

to pursue this research study.

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

familiarize and introduce to themselves the implication of organic ingredients in the

making of facial soap in treating acne.

“THE FEASIBILITY OF MALUNGGAY LEAVES AND CALAMANSI JUICE

D. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

have acne problems.

that they have the most experience in having acne problems.