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Almost every town in archipelago, except Born in Binan Laguna, on May 11, 1818.
the Islamic Mindanao and Sulu and in pagan He studied Latin and Philosophy at the
hinterlands, was ruled by a friar curate. college of San Jose Manila. He is a hardy
and an independent-minded man, who
Forced Labor talked less and worked more. He died in
Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of
Compulsory labor imposed by spanish 80.
colonial authorities on adult filipino males in the
construction of churches, schools, hospitals, Dona Teodoras family descended
buildings and repair of roads and bridges, from Lakandula , the last native king of
building of ships and other public works. Tondo. Her great grandfather (Rizal
maternal great-great-grandfather) was
Haciendas owned by friars Eugenio Ursua (of Japanese Ancestry),
During Rizal’s times the Spanish friars Married Filipina named Benigna. Their
belonging to different religious orders were the daughter Regina married Manuel de
riches land lords, for they owned the best Quintos, a Filipino Chinese lawyer from
haciendas in the Philippines. Pangasinan. One of their daughter was
Brigada, who married Lorenzo Alberto
Guardia civil Alonso, a prominent Spanish-Filipino
Had rendered meritorious services in mestizo of Binan.Their children were
suppressing the bandits in the provinces, they Narcisa,
later became infamous for their rampant Teodora(Rizal’s mother),
abuses, such as maltreating innocent people, Gregorio, Manuel and Jose.
looting their carabaos, chicken, and valuable
belongings and raping women.
Rizal himself witnessed the Teodora Alonso Realonda
discrimination of how the Guardia civil treated Born in manila on November 8, 1826
the Filipinos. and was educated at college of Santa
CHAPTER 1 Rosa. She was a remarkable woman,
possessing refine culture, Literary talent
ADVENT OF THE NATIONAL HERO and business ability.
The Birth of the National Hero She knows literature and she speak
Spanish better thahas read many books.
Domingo Lamco She died in Manila on August 16, 1911,
at the age of 85.
- Jose great-great grandfather on his father
side. Chinese immigrant from the Fukien city of
Changchow arrived in Manila about 1960.
The Surname Rizal He was a physician, poet, dramatist,
essayist, novelist, historian, architect,
The real surname of Rizal family was painter, sculptor, educator, linguist,
Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by musician, naturalist, ethnologist,
Domingo Lamco (the paternal great- surveyor, engineer, farmer, business
great-grandfather of Jose Rizal), who man, economist, geographer,
was full blooded Chinese, Rizal family cartographer, grammarian, folklorist,
acquired second surname Rizal which translator, inventor, magician, traveler,
was given by Spanish alcalde mayor and prophet. He is the national hero of
(provincial governor) of Laguna, who was the Philippines.
a family friend. Thus said Dr. Jose Rizal,
in his letter to Blumentritt (without date or Jose Rizal
place).
He was born on June 19, 1861, between
Jose Rizal eleven and the midnight in the lakeshore
town of Calamba, Laguna Province,
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Philippines. He was baptized in the Catholic
Realonda Church on June 22, 1861, aged 3 days old,
He has the blood of both East and West, by the parish priest, Father Rufino
Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Collantes, who was a Batangeno. His
Japanese and Spanish. Predominantly godfather (ninong) was Father Pedro
he was a Malayan. Casanas.
His name Jose was chosen by his mother 8. Conception (1862-1865)- Concha was her
who was a devotee of the Christian saint nickname, died of sickness at the age of 3. Her
San Jose (St. Joseph). death was Jose first sorrow in life.
The Rizal Children 9. Josefa (1865-1945)- nicknamed Panggoy.
She died an old maid at the age of 80.
• Francisco and Teodora has 11 children
– two boys and nine girls. 10. Trinidad (1868-1951)- nicknamed Trining .
She died an old maid at the age of 83.
1. Saturina (1850-1913) - oldest, nicknamed
Neneng She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of 11. Soledad (1970-1929)- Soleng was her
Tanawan, Batanggas. nickname. She married Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba.
2. Paciano – (1851-1930)-older brother and
confidant of Jose Rizal. He joined the Philippine The Rizal Home
Revolution of 1898 and became a combat
general. He died on April 13,1930. The house of Rizal family, where hero
was born was one of the distinguished
3. Narcisa- Her pet name was Sisa and married stone houses in Calamba during Spanish
Antonio Lopez,a school teacher of Morong. times. It was two storey building,
rectangular in shape, built of adobe
4. Olympia 1855-1887)- Ypia was her pet stones and hard woods, and roofed with
name. She married Silvester Ubalde, a red tiles. It is descripted by Dr. Rafael
telegraph operator from Manila. Palma.
5. Lucia (1857-1919)- she married Mariano A Good and Middle Class Family
Herbosa of Calamba.
Rizal family belong to the principalia, a
6. Maria (1859-1896)- Biang was her nickname. town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.
She married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, It was one of the distinguish families in
Laguna. Calamba. Rizal parents was able to live
7. Jose - Greatest Filipino hero. His nickname well.
was Pepe;
From the farm which were rented from Jose at the early age of 3, he takes part
the Dominican Order, they harvest rice, of the family prayers because of his devoted
corn and sugar cane. They raised pigs, Catholic Mother. At the age of 5, he was able to
chickens, and turkeys in their backyard. read the Spanish family bible. He loved to go to
In addition to farming and stock raising, Church, participate in novenas and join in
Dona Teodora managed a general goods religious procession.
store and operated a small flour-mill and
homemade ham press. Pilgrimage in Antipolo
They owned a carriage, which was a In June 6, 1868 Jose and his Father left
status symbol of the ilustrados in Spanish to Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo. It
Philippines and a private library (the was his first trip accross the Laguna bay and
largest in Calamba) which consisted of also his first pilgrimage.
more than 1,000 volumes. They sent
their children to colleges in Manila. After praying in the Shrine of the Virgin of
Antipolo, Jose together with his Father went to
Manilan and visited Saturnina his sister who is a
CHAPTER 2 boarding student in La Salle Concordia College
in Santa Ana.
THE CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA
The Young Moth and the Old one
In memory of my town
When Rizal was with his Mother, while
Jose Rizal loved his hometown Calamba, learning to read the old Spanish book entitled “El
when he was 15 years old, he wrote a poem Amigo de Los Niños” (The Children's friend).
entitled “Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” or In my Later that night, her mother grow impatiently
memory of my town. hearing his poor Spanish reading.
She took the book and scolded her son
for drawing funny pictures in the page.
Jose and the Beatiful Nature
Then She started to read, Rizal was
During Rizal's infancy, he has happy amazed how skillful his mother was for reading
days in their family garden when he was 3 years and understanding the book well. However, he
old. because he was frail, sickly and under sized again lost his attention to his mother and
child he was given a lot of attention and care by focused on the moths circling around the flame.
his family. Then his mother noticed and said “I am going to
Jose and the Daily Evening Activities tell you story.”
One of the childhood memory of Rizal is Rizal never expect to find some stories in
having a daily Angelus Prayer with his Mother the book which he read without understanding.
together with other children in their house. The tragic fate of the moth which “died a
After the Nightly rosary, in their azotea martyr to its illusion,” left a great impress on
their Aya would tell stories about fairies; tales Rizal's mind. he justified such noble death,
about the buried treasure and trees blooming asserting that “to sacrifice one’s life for it”
with diamonds. meaning for an ideal is a “Worthwhile”. And like
the young moth he was fated to die as a martyr
The Hero's First Sorrow for noble ideals.
In 1865 when Jose is only 4 years old, his
beloved younger sister Concha (Conception)
died at the age of 3.
Devoted son of the Church
Artistic Talents
Since early childhood Rizal revealed his
God-given talent for art. At the age of five, he
began to make sketches with his pencil and to
mold in clay and wax objects which attracted his
fancy.
First Poem by Rizal
Aside from sketching and sculpturing
talent, Rizal possessed a God-given gift for
literature. Since early boyhood, he had scribbled
verses on loose sheets of paper and on the
textbooks of her sister.
His mother, who was a lover of literature,
noticed his poetic inclination and encouraged
him to write poetry.
At the age of 8, rizal wrote his first poem
in the native language entitled Sa Aking Mga
Kababata”
First Drama by Rizal
At age eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic
work which was a Tagalog Comedy. It is said
that he was staged in Calamba festival and was
delightfully applauded by the audience.
Rizal as Boy Magician
Since early manhood Rizal had been
interested in magic. With his dexterous hands,
he learned various tricks, such as making a coin
appear or disappear in his fingers and making
handkerchief vanish in thin air.
Lakeshore Reveries
During the twilight hours of summer time
Rizal, accompanied by his pet dog, used to
meditate at the shore of Laguna de Bay on the
sad conditions of his oppressed people,
Influences on the Hero's Boyhood
1. Hereditary Influence
2. Environmental Influence
3. Aid by Divine Providence
CHAPTER 3 He was not quarrelsome by nature, but
he had never run away from a fight.
Early Education in Calamba and Binan
Painting Lesson in Binan
The Hero’s First Teacher
Near the school was the house of an old
Dona Teodora was his first teacher painter, called Juancho, who was the
He learned at the age of three the father-in-law of the school teacher
alphabet and the prayers He was impressed by the artistic talent of
Private Tutors the Calamba lad.
Jose and his classmate. Jose Guevara,
1. Maestro Celestino who also loved painting, became
2. Maestro lucas Padua apprentices of the old painter.
3. Leon Monroy (teach him Spanish and
Latin Language) Daily Life in Binan
Rizal’s prize-winning and inspiring poem The year before, (1879), he composed a
of flawless form. poem entitled Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma, which
was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise Fernandez, on the night of December 8, 1879 in
from the lethargy; to their genius mind fly swiftly honour of the Ateneo’s Patroness.
the wind and descent with art and science to
break the chains that have long bound the spirit Later in 1881, he composed a poem
of the people. entitled Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo
Rector, who had been so kind and helpful to
Reasons why Rizal’s Poem was a Classic in him.
Philippine Literature:
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN
1. It was the first great poem in
Spanish written by a Filipino, SUMMER OF MAY 1881
whose merit was recognized by Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of
Spanish Literary Authorities. Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria
2. It expressed for the first time the de los Dolores.
nationalistic concept that the He was accompanied by his sisters-
Filipinos were the “fair hope of the Saturnina, Maria and Triniada and their
Fatherland.” female friends.
The took a casco (flat-bottom sailing
vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna
“The Council of the Gods” (1880) and stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas
The Artistic- Literary Lyceum opened was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
another literary contest to commemorate Rizal and his companions were
the fourth centennial of the death of fascinated by he famous Turumba
Cervantes (Spains glorified man-of- (people dancing in the streets during the
letters and famous author of Don procession in honor of the miraculous
Quixote. Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl Anatomy 2 - Good
colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who
Dissection 2- Good
skilfully played the harp at the Regalado
home Physiology - Good
Reasons why Rizal and his company made Private Hygiene - Good
side trip to the neighbouring town of
Pagsanjan: Public Hygiene - Good
1. It was the native town of Leonor 1880 – 1881 (Medicine) – 3rd Year
Valenzuela General Pathology- Fair
2. To see the world fames Pagsanjan Therapeutics - Excellent
Falls.
Surgery - Good
Champion of Filipino Students
1881 – 1882 (Medicine) 4th Year
In 1880, he founded a secret society of
Filipino students in the University of Santo Medical Pathology - Very Good
Tomas called Companerismo (Comradeship), Surgical Pathology - Very Good
whose members were called “Companions of
Jehu”, after the valiant Hebrew general who Obstetrics - Very Good
fought the Armacans and ruled the Kingdom of DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
Israel for 28 years (843-816 B.C).
After finishing the Fourth Year of his
He was the chief of this secret student medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain.
society, with his cousin from Batangas, He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
Galicano Apacible, as secretary. discrimination, and hostility in the University of
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST Santo Tomas.
1. The Dominican were hostile to His older brother readily approved his
him. going to Spain and so did his two sisters
Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia, Uncle Antonio
2. The Filipino students were racially Rivera, the Valenzuela family and some friends
discriminated by the Spaniards
He did not seek his parent’s permission
3. The method of instruction was and blessings to go abroad; and even his
obsolete and repressive. beloved Leonor.
Results:
Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of CHAPTER 6
Ateneo failed to win high scholastic grade.
In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)
RIZAL’S SCHOLASTIC RECORDS IN THE
UST (1879-1882) Rizal is being disgusted with the
antiquated method of instruction of the
1877 – 1878 (Philosophy & Letters) Dominican professors to Filipino students
Cosmology & Metaphysics- Excellent so he decided to continue his studies in
Spain.
Theodicy - Excellent
At that time the government of spain was
History of Philosophy - Excellent a constitutional monarchy under a written
1878 – 1879 (Medicine) – 1st Year constitution which granted human rights
to the people, particularly freedom of
Physics - Fair speech, freedom of the press, and
freedom of assembly.
Chemistry- Excellent
Another reason for his study in spain is
Natural History- Good
his “secret mission”, which many Rizalist
Anatomy I-Good biographers (including Austin Craig and
Wenceslao E. Retana) never mention in
Dissection I - Good
their writings.
1879 – 1880 (Medicine) – 2nd Year
Rizal’s Secret Missions The Salvadora docked at Singapore.
Rizal landed, registered at Hotel de la
He went to Spain to observe keenly the
Paz, and spent two days on sightseeing
life and culture, languages and customs,
soiree of the city, which was a colony of
industries and commerce, and
England. He saw the famous Botanical
governments and laws of the European
garden, the beautiful Buddhist Temples,
nations to prepare himself in the mighty
the busy shopping district, and the statue
task of liberating his oppressed people
of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (founder
from Spanish tyranny.
of Singapore).
Secret Departure For Spain
From Singapore to Colombo
He’s departure in Spain was kept secret
In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another
to avoid detection by Spanish authorities
ship Djemnah, a French steamer, which
and the friars. His parents don’t even
left Singapore for Europe on May 11. It
know because he knew that his mother
was larger and cleaner vessel which
won’t allow him to go.
carried more passengers.
Only his older brother (Paciano), his
On board were British, French, Dutch,
uncle (Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor
Spaniards, Malays, Siamese and
Rivera), his sisters (Neneng and Lucia),
Filipinos (Mr. and Mrs. Salazar, Mr.
the Valenzuela family (Capitan Juan and
Vicente Pardo and Jose Rizal), because
Capitana Sanday and their daughter
it was a French vessel, and the majority
Orang), Pedro A. Paterno, his compadre
of the passengers were French-
Mateo Evangelista, the Ateneo Jesuits
speaking. He attempted to conversed
fathers, and some intimate friends,
with his fellow passengers with French,
including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio).
but he was surprised and embarrassed
He used the name Jose Mercado, a because he found out his book that he
cousin from Binan learned at the Ateneo could not be
understood.
Before his secret departure, he wrote a
farewell letter to his parents and to his By conversing daily with the French
sweetheart Leonor Rivera. passengers he was able to improve his
knowledge of different languages.
May 3,1882
May 17
He departed on board the Spanish
steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore The Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
with tears in his eyes and gloom in his seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri
heart. Lanka). On his travel diary, he wrote “The
general appearance of Point Galle is
Singapore picturesque but lonely and quiet at the same
During the voyage to Singapore, he time sad”
carefully observed the people and things Djemnah weighed anchor and resumed
on board the streamer. There were 16 the voyage to Colombo, the capital of
passengers including himself. He was Ceylon.
the only Filipino, the rest were Spaniards,
British and Indian Negroes He delightfully scribbled on his diary:
To remove or ease his boredom, Rizal “Colombo is more beautiful, smart and
played chess with his fellow passengers elegant than Singapore, Point Galle, and
who were older than him and because he Manila.”
was good at chess he defeated them all. First Trip Through Suez Canal
May 8, 1882 From Colombo, the Djemnah continued
Rizal saw a beautiful island. Fascinated the voyage crossing the Indian Ocean to
by its scenic beauty, he remembered the Cape of Guardafui, Africa.
“Talim island with the Susong Dalaga”. For the first time, Rizal sighted the barren
May 9, 1882 coast of Africa, which he called an
“inhospitable but famous.”
The next stopover – in Aden – he found Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish and
the city, hotter than Manila. He was Tagalog)
amused to see the camels.
“Amor Patrio” was under his pen-name
From Aden, the Djemnah proceeded to Laong Laan, appeared in print Diaryong
the city of Suez, the Red Sea Terminal of Tagalog on August 20, 1882. It was
the Suez Canal. published in two texts – Spanish and
Tagalog. The Spanish one was originally
Rizal was thrilled because it was his first
written by Rizal in Barcelona. The
trip through the canal which was built by
Tagalog text was Tagalog translation
Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-
made by M.H. del Pilar.
engineer). It was inaugurated on
November 17, 1869. Rizal wrote the second article for Diariong
Tagalog entitled “Los Viajes” (Travels). His third
At Port said, the Mediterranean terminal
article entitled “Revista de Madrid” (Review of
of the Suez Canal, Rizal landed in order
Madrid), which he wrote in Madrid on November
to see the interesting sights.
29, 1882 but was returned to him because
Naples and Marseilles Diariong Tagalog was ceased publication for
lack of funds.
On June 11, Rizal reached Naples. This
Italian city pleased him because of its Manila Moves to Madrid
business activity, its lively people and its
While sojourning in Barcelona, Rizal
panoramic beauty. He was fascinated by
received a news about the cholera that
Mount Vesuvius, the Castle of St. Telmo,
was ravaging Manila and the Provinces.
and other historic sights of the city.
On the night of June 12, the steamer Many people had died and more were
docked at the French harbor of dying daily.
Marseilles. He visited the famous
Another sad news from the Philippines
Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of the
was that chatty letter from Chengoy
Count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned.
recounting the unhappiness of Leonor
He stayed two and half days in
Rivera, who was getting thinner because
Marseilles, enjoying every day of his
of the absence of a Loved one.
sojourn.
In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882)
Barcelona
Paciano advised Rizal to finish the
On the afternoon of June 15, Rizal left Medical course in Madrid. Rizal left
Marseille by train to Spain. He crossed Barcelona in the fall of 1882.
the Pyrenees and stopped for a day at
Life in Madrid
the frontier town of Port Bou
Reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882 November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in the
Universidad Central de Madrid (Central
His first impression of Barcelona the
University of Madrid) in two courses---
greatest city of Cataluna, was
Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
unfavorable. He thought that it was ugly,
with dirty little inns and inhospitable He also studied painting and sculpture in
residents. the Academy of Fine Arts of San
Fernando took lessons in French,
Later, he changed his bad impression
German and English under private
and he found it to be really a great City, with
instructors. He also practiced fencing and
an atmosphere freedom and liberalism, and
shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y
its people where open hearted, hospitable
Carbonell
and courageous.
He budgeted and time. He lived frugally,
“Amor Patrio”
spending his money on food, clothing,
In progressive Barcelona, Rizal wrote a lodging and books--- never wasting a
nationalistic easy entitled “Amor Patrio” peseta for gambling, wine, and women.
(Love of Country), his first article written
He spent his leisure time reading and
on Spain’s soil. He sent this article to his
writing at his boarding house, attending
friend in Manila, Basilio Teodoro Moran,
the reunions of Filipino students at the
publisher of Diariong Tagalog, the first
House of Paterno Brother’s (Antonio, bookstore owned by a certain Senor
Maximo, and Pedro) and practicing Roses. He was able to build a fair-sized
fencing and shooting at the gymnasium. private library.
On Saturday evenings, he visited the His collection of books included The
home of Don Pablo y Rey who lived with Bible, Hebrew Grammar, Lives of the
his son (Rafael) and daughter Presidents of the United States from
(Consuelo). Don Pablo had been city Washington to Johnson, Complete
mayor of Manila during the administration Works of Voltaire (9 volumes), Complete
of the liberal governor general Carlos de Works of Horace (3 volumes), Complete
la Torre (1869-1871) and was later Works of C. Bernard (16 volumes),
promoted vice-president of the Council of History of the French Revolution, The
the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies Wandering Jew, Ancient Poetry, Works
(Ultramar) of Thucydides, The Byzantine Empire,
The Characters by La Bruyere, The
Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
Renaissance, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Rizal was not a handsome man but he Harriet Beecher Stowe, Works of
possesses an aura of charisma due to his Alexander Dumas, Louis XIV and His
many-splendored talents and novel Count and numerous books on medicine,
characters which made him attractive to philosophy, languages, history,
romantic young women, especially geography, arts and sciences.
Consuelo.
Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883)
Jose attracted to Consuelo’s beauty and
Rizal went to Paris from June 17 to
vivacity. He even composed a lovely
August 20. 1883. He was billeted at the
poem on August 22, 1883 dedicated to
Hotel de Paris on 37 Rue de Maubange;
her. In this poem titled A La Senorita C.O.
later he moved to a cheaper hotel on 124
y P. (To Miss C.O. y P.) he expressed his
Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter.
admiration for her.
Rizal was fascinated by Paris, such as
Before his romance with Consuelo could beautiful boulevards (particularly the
blossom to a serious affair, he suddenly Champs Elysses), the Opera House, the
backed-out for two reasons: (1) He was Place de la Concorde, the Arch of
still engaged to Leonora Rivera and (2) Triumph, the Bois de Boulogne, the
His friend and co-worker in the Madeline Church, the Cathedral of Notre
Propaganda Movement, Eduardo De Dame, the Column of Venpdome, the
Lete was madly in love with Consuelo Invalides, and the fabulous Versailles.
and he no wish to break their friendship
Rizal was mistaken by the Parisian as a
because of a pretty girl.
Japanese.
“They Ask Me for Verses”
The prices of foods, drinks, theater,
In 1882 after his arrival in Madrid he tickets, laundry, hotel accommodation
joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino and transportation were too high for his
(Hispano-Philippine Circle), a society of slender purse so that he commented in a
Spaniards and Filipinos. letter to his family: “Parish is the costliest
capital in Europe.”
He wrote a poem entitled “Me Piden
Versus” (They Ask Me for Verses). Which Rizal as a Mason
he personally declaimed during the New
Rizal came contact with Masons including
Year’s Eve held in the evening of
Miguel Morayta, statesman, professor, historian
December 31, 1882.
and writer; Francisco Pi y Margal, journalist,
Rizal as Lover of Books states-man; Manuel Becerra, Minister and
Ultramar (Colonies); and Juan Ruiz Zorilla,
A favorite pastime of Rizal in Madrid was parliamentarian and head of the Republican
reading. Instead of gambling and flirting Progressive Party in Madrid.
with women
In due time, in March 1883, he joined the
He economizes on his living expenses Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid. His
and with the money he saved he reason for becoming a mason was to secure
purchased books from a second-hand
Freemasonry’s aid in his fight against the friars He saluted Luna and Hidalgo as the two
in the Philippines glories of Spain and the Philippines,
whosed artistic achievements
He transferred to Lodge Solidaridad
transcended geographical frontiers and
(Madrid), where he become a master
racial origins, for genius in universal.
Mason on November 15, 1890.
Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations
Still later on February 15, 1892, he was
awarded the diploma as Master Mason November 20-22, 1884- the serene city
by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris. of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the
students of the Central University. Rizal
As a Mason, he played lukewarm role in
and other Filipino participated together
Free Masonry, unlike M.H del Pilar, G.
with Cuban, Mexican, Peruvian and
Lopez-Jaena, and Mariano Ponce who
Spanish students in tumult andcaused by
were very active in Masonic affairs.
the addressed by Doctor Morayta at the
His only Masonic writing was ,ecture opening ceremony on academic year on
titled “Science, Virtue and Labor” which November 20.
he delivered in 1889 at Lodge They rioted in the streets, shouting: “Viva
Solidaridad, Madrid Morayta! Down with Bishops!” practically
all students (Law, Medicines, Philosophy
Financial Worries and Letters, etc) joined the massive
After his departure for Spain, things turn demostrations, including Rizal, Valentin
from bad to worse in Calamba. Ventura, and other Filipinos.
Many university professors openly
The harvest of rice and sugarcane failed supported the student rioters. The
on account of drought and locusts and Rector, who also took the side of the
the manager of the Dominican-owned students, was forced to resign and was
Hacienda increased the rentals of the replaced by Doctor Creus, “a very
lands cultivated by the Rizal Family. unpopular man, disliked by everybody”.
Due to hard times in Calamba, the Studies Completed in Spain
monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid
were late in arrival and there were times He completed his Medical course in
when they never arrive, causing much Spain. He was conferred the Degree of
suffering to him. At one time Paciano was Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad
forced to sell his younger brother’s pony Central de Madrid on June 21,1884.
in order to send money to Madrid. The next academic year (1884-1885) He
A touching in his life in Madrid occurred studied and passed all the subjects
on June 24, 1884 because he was broke leading to the Degree of Doctor of
and unable to take breakfast that day. Medicine.
With an empty stomach he attended his Due to the fact, however, that he did not
class at the University, participated in the present the thesis required for graduation
contest in Greek language and won the nor paid the corresponding fees, he was
gold medal. In the evening of the same not awarded his Doctor’s diploma
day, he was able to eat dinner, for he was Fifth Year (1882-83): Continuation of
a guest speaker in banquet held in honor Medical Course in UST
of Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection
Hidalgo at Restaurant Ingles, Madrid. Medical Clinic 1– Good