DAWOOD UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Batch: 2017
Subject: Fuel and Energy
Teacher: Sir Sharukh Memon
 TOPIC

FUEL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN

 GROUP MEMBERS

Rao Rayan D-17-CH-03

Muslim Aziz D-17-CH-19
Zohaib Nadeem D-17-CH-45
 CONTENT

• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Petroleum
• Renewable Energy
• Nuclear Energy
• Hydropower Energy
• Wind Energy
• Solar Energy
COAL
 INTRODUCTION

Coal is a brown or black, carbon-rich material that most often

occurs in stratified sedimentary deposits. It is one of the most
important of the primary fossil fuels.

➢Coal is the fuel of industrial revolution.

➢Coal has a long history of use as an energy source.
➢It still is an important fuel for electrical generation.
➢Historically, the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese were early users
of coal.
FORMATION OF COAL

Coal is formed when peat is altered physically and chemically.

This process is called coalification.
CONTINUED…

Peat is buried by sediment. Burial compacts the peat and consequently water is
squeezed out.

Continued burial and the addition of heat and time cause the complex
hydrocarbon compounds in the peat to break down and alter in a variety
ways.

The gaseous products expelled from the deposit, and the deposit becomes
more and more carbon-rich.

The stages proceed through plant debris to peat, lignite, sub-bituminous

coal, bituminous coal, anthracite coal to graphite(a pure carbon mineral).
 COAL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan has emerged as one of the leading countries—

seventh in the list of top 20 countries of the world after
the discovery of huge lignite coal resources in Sindh.
The economic coal deposits of Pakistan are restricted
to Paleocene and Eocene rock sequences. It is one of
the world's largest lignite deposits discovered by GSP in
1990s, spread over more than 9,000 km2
COAL RESOURCES FOUND IN EACH REGION

Coal
Region
(billion tonnes)
Sindh 184.623

Punjab 0.235

Balochistan 0.217

Khyber PakhtunKhwa 0.091

Grand Total: 185.166
 TYPES OF COALS FOUND IN PAKISTAN

The types of coals commonly found in

Pakistan are:
➢Lignite
➢Sub-Bituminous
➢Bituminous
COAL RESOURCES IN SINDH

The Sindh province has total coal resources of 184 billion tonnes. The quality of coal is mostly
Lignite-B to sub-bituminous A-C. Brief description of two major deposits is given as under:

THAR
• Has a resource potential of 175 Billion
tonnes.
• The coal field extends over 9,000 sq.km.
• Has a coal bed thickness ranging from 12
to 21 meters.
• Has a depth of 170 meters, upper 50
meters being loose sand.
• The coal quality ranges from Lignite-B to
Sub-Bituminous-A
LAKHRA
• The total reserves of the deposit have
been estimated to be 1.33 billion tonnes.
• It covers an area of approximately an
area of about 200sq.km.
• It has bed thickness of 0.75 meters to 2.5
meters.
• Coal quality ranges from Lignite-A to
Sub-Bitminous C.
• The coal is dull black and contains amber
resin and 30% moisture.
CONTINUED…

Other Coal Mines of Sindh are:

➢ SONDA-THATTA COAL MINE: The Sonda-Thatta Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Sindh. The mine
has coal reserves amounting to 3.7 billion tonnes of coal.
➢ INDUS EAST COAL MINE: The Indus East Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Sindh. The mine has coal
reserves amounting to 1.78 billion tonnes of coking coal.
➢ JHERRUCK COAL MINE: The Jherruck Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Sindh. The mine has coal
reserves amounting to 1.82 billion tonnes of coking coal.
➢ JHIMPIR COAL MINE: The Jhimpir Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Sindh. The mine has coal reserves
amounting to 161 million tonnes of coking coal.
➢ ONGAR COAL MINE: The Ongar Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Sindh. The mine has coal reserves
amounting to 312 million tonnes of coking coal.
COAL RESOURCES IN BALOUCHISTAN

The coal seams in Balochistan are found in Ghazig formation of Eocene age. The quality of the coal
is sub-bituminous A to high volatile B bituminous. The following are significant:

SOR-RANGE; DEGARI;
SINJIDI
• They cover a area of about 50sq.km
• The northern half of the field is known as
Sor-Range, Degari is situated at the southern
end.
• They have a coal bed thickness varying from
1m to 2m, but in Sor-Range seams sections
upto 5m have been encountered.
• The coal contains low quantity of ash and
Sulphur content.
• The quality of coal is high sub-bituminous A
to high volatile B bituminous
CHAMALANG
• They cover an area of over 500sq. Miles.
• A total of 500 million tonnes of coal
deposits have been confirmed which are
worth about $19 Billion.
• Coal quality ranges from high volatile C
Bituminous to high volatile A Bituminous.
• The quality of Chamalang coal is better
than the rest of coal being mined from
different coalfields in Balochistan
COAL RESOURCES IN PUNJAB

The Punjab's coal fields comprise the eastern, central and western Salt Range between Khushab,
Dandot and Khewra while Makerwal coal-field lies in Trans-Indus Range (Sanghar Range). The rank
of the coal is sub-bituminous A to high volatile bituminous.

SALT RANGE MAKERWAL/GULLAKHEL

• The coal-field covers an area of • The coal field covers an area
about 260sq. Km. of 75sq. Km.
• The top seam varies in thickness
from 0.22m to 0.3m while the middle
• The quality of coal is better
seam is up to 0.60m thick. The lower than that of the Salt Range.
seam is up to one meter thick and is • Total reserves of the deposits
relatively of better quality
are over 20 million tonnes.
• The mine has coal reserves
amounting to 213 million tonnes of
coal.
LIST OF COAL POWER PLANTS

Station Location Capacity (MWs) Status

Lakhra Power Plant Jamshoro, Sindh 150 Operational

Sitara Chemical Industries Ltd. Faislabad, Punjab 40 Operational since 2016

Fauji Fertilizer Power Plant Karachi, Sindh 118 Operational since 2017

Sahiwal Coal Power Project Sahiwal, Punjab 1320 Operational since 2017

Maple Leaf Power Ltd. Mianwali, Punjab 40 Operational since 2017

Port Qasim Coal Power

Karachi, Sindh 1320 Operational since 2017
Project

DG Cement Coal Power Plant DG Khan, Punjab 30 Operational since 2017

660MW Operational since

Hub Coal Power Project Hub, Balochistan 1320 2018, 660MW to be
operational by 2019
NATURAL GAS
 INTRODUCTION

Natural gas is a fossil energy source that formed deep

beneath the earth’s surface. Natural gas contains many
different compounds. The largest component of natural gas is
methane.
Natural gas also contains smaller amounts of natural gas
liquids, and non-hydrocarbon gases, such as carbon dioxide
and water vapor.
We mainly use natural gas as a fuel
HOW DID NATURAL GAS FORM?
NATURAL GAS RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN

Although Pakistan does not have a particularly large

proved natural gas reserves base, they are able to
effectively turn out good production in relation to their
total proved reserves.
Furthermore, although Pakistan’s proved natural gas
reserves have been falling in recent years (27.5% drop
from 2004 to 2014), the country’s natural gas
production has remained fairly consistent. Pakistan
produced 42 bcm of natural gas in 2014, which was only
a drop of 0.7 bcm compared to the previous year.
 KADANWARI GAS
FIELD

Kadanwari Gas Field located in the

Middle Indus Basin of Pakistan, was
discovered in 1989 and is currently
operated by OMV Pakistan.
Kadanwari plant gas processing
capacity has been enhanced to 232
MMscfd
 QADIRPUR GAS
FIELD

Qadirpur gas field is one of the major gas reserves of

Pakistan. The Qadirpur gas field is currently one of
OGDCL largest operated gas producing fields,
accounting for 34%, 32% and 29% of OGDCL net gas
production for 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.
Average net daily production at this field was 250.56
MMscfd of purified gas with 67 MMscfd of permeate
gas.
The field’s main customers are Sui Northern Gas
Pipeline Company Limited, Engro Powergen Limited
near Ghotki and Liberty Power Limited Dahrki (320
mw power supply generating).
 SAWAN GAS FIELD

Sawan Gas Field is located in Sindh, Pakistan. It is

a joint venture of OMV, ENI, PPL and
Government Holdings (Pvt.) Ltd.
A total of 15 wells have been drilled in Sawan
Field and 14 are supplying 7,600,000 m3 gas to Sui
Northern Gas Pipelines and 1,100,000 m3 to Sui
Southern Gas Company. The total volume of gas
sold from Sawan field during 2009-2010 was
2.9663×109 m3.
Sawan was and still is one of the largest
discoveries of gas reserves in Pakistan.
 SUI GAS FIELD

Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in

Pakistan. It is located near Sui in Balochistan
Province, in southwestern Pakistan.
Sui gas field accounts for 6% of Pakistan's gas
production. Remaining reserves are estimated
to be at about 2 trillion cubic feet (57×109
m3) and the daily production is around 604
million cubic feet (17.1×106 m3).
The operator of the field is Pakistan
Petroleum Limited.
LIST OF NATURAL GAS PLANTS IN PAKISTAN

Stations Location Capacity (MWs)

Guddu Thermal Power Plant Guddu, Sindh 2,402

Foundation Power Company Daharki Ltd. Daharki, Sindh 185

UCH-I, II Power Plant Dera Murad Jamali, Balochistan 1,000

Nandipur Power Project Gujranwala, Punjab 425

Habibullah Coastal Power Pvt Company Quetta, Balochistan 140

WAPDA Quetta Thermal Power Station Quetta, Balochistan 35

Liberty Power Project Daharki, Sindh 235

Pakistan Power Plant Kabirwala, Punjab 450

Engro Powergen Qadirpur Ltd. Ghotki, Sindh 227

Halmore Power Generation Company Ltd. Sheikhupura, Punjab 225

CONTINUED…

Stations Location Capacity (MWs)

Orient Power Company Ltd. Kasur, Punjab 229

Saif Power Ltd. Sahiwal, Punjab 229

Bin Qasim Power Plant II Karachi, Sindh 560

Fauji Kabirwala Power Company Kabirwala, Punjab 157

Sapphire Electric Company Ltd. Muridke, Punjab 234

Sindh Nooriabad Power Company Pvt. Ltd. Jamshoro, Sindh 100

Haveli Bahadur Shah Power Plant Jhang, Punjab 1,230

Bhikki RLNG-based Power Project Sheikhupura, Punjab 1,180

Balloki Power Plant Balloki, Punjab 1,223

PETROLEUM
 INTRODUCTION

According to the United States Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Pakistan may have over 9 billion barrels
(1.4×109 m3) of petroleum oil and 105 trillion cubic feet (3.0
trillion m3) in natural gas (including shale gas) reserves. As
per BP' Statistical Review of World Energy 2016, at the end
of 2015 Pakistan had the following proved reserves of fuels:
0.5 Trillion cubic meters of natural gas and 2.07 Billion tons
of coal (sub-bituminous and lignite).
 MAJOR OIL FIELDS IN PAKISTAN

• TAL BLOCK: Tal Block is an oil and gas field located in

Kohat District, Pakistan. The field accounts for 20% of
Pakistan's oil production, amounting to 17,000 barrels per
day. Six discoveries have been made in the block, the first in
2002 and the most recent in 2011. Oil and Gas
Development Company, Pakistan Petroleum Limited and
Pakistan Oilfields hold ownership stakes of 28, 28 and 21
percent, respectively, in Tal Block.
MOL Group is responsible for making further discoveries
and has added 145 million cubic feet of natural gas per day.
CONTINUED…

• TOOT OILFIELD: The Toot Oilfield is located approximately 135 km southwest of the capital city of
Islamabad.
The field was discovered in the early 1960s. Pakistan Petroleum and Pakistan Oilfields explored the field in
1961. In 1964 the first well was drilled. The commercial production started in 1967. There are about 60
million barrels (9,500,000 m3) of oil in place with 12%-15% of which is recoverable.
At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400-barrel (380 m3) of oil per day.
It has grown steadily since then, producing both oil and, to a lesser degree, natural gas. Oil
production was entirely confined to the Potwar Plateau till 1981, when Union Texas Pakistan
discovered its first oil-field in Lower Sindh. By 1998-1999, the Lower Sindh gas-fields were
producing more oil than the Potohar Plateau.
Since then, new deposits have also been found here.
 OIL REFINERIES IN PAKISTAN

➢Byco Petroleum
➢National Refinery Limited
➢Pak-Arab Refinery
➢Pakistan Refinery Limited
➢Attock Refinery Limited
➢Khalifa Costal Refinery Limited
NUCLEAR ENERGY
 INTRODUCTION

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that

release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most
frequently is then used in steam turbines to
produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
Presently, the vast majority of electricity from
nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of
Uranium and Plutonium.
 NUCLEAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

As of 2017, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by 5

commercial nuclear power plants. The Pakistan Atomic
Energy Commission(PAEC), the scientific and
nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for
operating these power plants.
As of 2012, the electricity generated by commercial nuclear
power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity
generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel and
~33% from hydroelectric power.
 URANIUM PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan has had a long history of exporting small

amounts of uranium to the West.
The Wahi Pandi, Karunuk (Sehwan), and Rehman Dhora
(Aamri) mines in the, Kirthar Range, Sindh and the
Shanawah Deposit, Karak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province are being opened up to meet Pakistan's rising
need for uranium, which these sources are issuing at an
ore grade: 0.04% Uranium mineral purity rate.
Pakistan produced about 45 tonnes of uranium in 2006.
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Station Location Capacity (MWs) Status

KANUPP-I Karachi, Sindh 85 Operation since 1972

CHASNUPP-I Mianwali, Punjab 320 Operational since 2000

CHASNUPP-II Mianwali, Punjab 320 Operational since 2011

CHASNUPP-III Mianwali, Punjab 340 Operational since 2016

CHASNUP-IV Mianwali, Punjab 340 Operational since 2017

Under construction. To be
KANUPP-II Karachi, Sindh 1100
operational by Dec, 2020
Under construction. To be
KANUPP-III Karachi, Sindh 1100
operational by Oct, 2021

CHASNUPP-V Mianwali, Punjab 1100 Letter of Intent issued

HYDROPOWER
 INTRODUCTION

Hydropower, or hydroenergy, is a form of renewable energy that

uses the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to
create electricity in hydropower plants.
Like other forms of electricity generation, hydropower uses a
turbine to help generate electricity; using the energy of falling or
flowing water to turn the blades.
The rotating blades spin a generator that converts the mechanical
energy of the spinning turbine into electrical energy. The amount
of electricity generated from each power plant depends on the
quantity of the flowing water and the height from which it falls.
 HYDROPOWER IN PAKISTAN

The total Hydropower resource in Pakistan is

estimated at about 50,000 MW. Most of the resources
are located in the North of the country, which offers
sites for large scale (100 MW to 7,000 MW) power
projects. Smaller (less than 50 MW) sites are available
throughout the country.
As of 2012, Hydroelectric power constituted roughly
~33% of electricity generated in Pakistan.
MAJOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN

Stations Location Capacity (MWs)

Tarbela Dam Tarbela, KPK 4,888

Ghazi-Barotha Hyrdro-
Attock, Punjab 1,450
Power Project

Mangla Dam Mirpur, Azad Kashmir 1,150

Neelum-Jhelum Hydro- Muzaffarabad, Azad

969
power Plant Kashmir
WIND ENERGY
 INTRODUCTION

Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into

mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for
specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water), or
can be converted into electricity by a generator.

In Pakistan, wind power makes up more than 6% of the total

electricity production in the country. As of 2018, wind power
capacity in Pakistan was 1,237 MW. The government was looking
to increase the share of renewable energy and plans to add
around 3.5 GW of wind energy capacity by the end of 2018.
WIND POWER STATIONS IN PAKISTAN

• Jhimpir Wind Power Plant

The Jhimpir Wind Power Plant was developed in Jhimpir, Sindh by Zorlu Energy Pakistan. The
total cost of project is $136 million. Completed in 2002, it has a total capacity of 50 MW. This
wind Corridor has a 50000-megawatt potential with average wind speeds over 7 meter per
second. The government has announced upfront tariff and ROI of 17 percent which is highest in
the world.
• Foundation Wind Energy I & II
Fauji Foundation setup two wind projects (50 MW each) at Gharo,Thatta District. The EPC
contractors were Nordex and Descon with Nordex as the lead contractor.
• Three Gorges First Wind Farm
Three Gorges First Wind Farm Pakistan has started the operation of 50 MW wind power
project on 24 November 2014 at Jhimpir, Sindh. Contract of supply and installation of wind
turbines was given to GOLDWIND and EPC contractor in the project was CWE (China
International Water & Electric Corporation). Three Gorges have also built another wind power
projects of 50 MW in Jhimphir, Sindh in 2018.
WIND POWER STATIONS IN PAKISTAN

• Sapphire Wind Power Plant

A 52.8 MW wind power plant attained commercial operation date in a record time of only 14 months on
22 November 2015. Its availability in RRT (Run Reliability Test) was also a record in Pakistan. Hydro
China, a Chinese EPC contractor using 33x1.68 MW GE wind turbines constructed the power plant.
SWPCL is the first wind project of General Electric in Pakistan and it was also a first project of
Hydrochina.[1]
• Tapal Wind Farm
The Tapal Wind Farm is located at the province of Sindh. HydroChina, a subsidiary of China Power
Construction Corporation, is constructing the project. It will be run by three local Pakistani companies.
The deal is for 20 GW82 1.5MW turbine. The machines will be customized to suit the local wind and
climate conditions. The TWF has been operational since 2016
• Metro Power Company Limited
Metro Power Project, a 50 MW wind power project of Metro Power Company Limited located in
Jhimpir, district Thatta, Sindh, achieved financial close on 19 February 2015. The project has been
operational since 2016.[2]
 OTHER WIND STATIONS IN PAKISTAN

Station Location Capacity (MWs) Status

Jhimpir Wind Energy Project Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2012
Yunus Energy Ltd. Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2016
Tenaga General Ltd. Gharo, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2016
Gul Ahmed Wind Power Ltd. Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2016
Master Wind Energy Ltd. Jhimpir, Sindh 52.8 Operational Since 2016
Zorlu Enerji Pakistan Jhimpir, Sindh 56.4 Operational Since 2016
HydroChina Dawood Power Ltd. Gharo, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2017
Sachal Energy Wind Farm Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2017
United Energy Ltd. Jhimpir, Sindh 100 Operational Since 2017
Hawa Energy Ltd. Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2018
Burj Capital Jhimpur Project Jhimpir, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2018
Tricon Boston Corporation Jhimpir, Sindh 150 Operational Since 2018
Zephyr Power Ltd. Gharo, Sindh 50 Operational Since 2018
SOLAR ENERGY
 INTRODUCTION

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is
harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar
heating, solar thermal energy and artificial photosynthesis.
It is an important source of renewable energy
The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly
appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development
Program in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the
annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ).
This is several times larger than the total world energy
consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.
 SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan has some of the highest values of insolation in the world, with eight to
nine hours of sunshine per day, ideal climatic conditions for solar power
generation. However, the country has been slow to adopt the technology.
Pakistan has solar plants in Pakistani Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan.
Initiatives are under development by the international Renewable Energy
Agency, The Japan International Cooperation Agency, Chinese companies
and Pakistani private sector energy companies.
Pakistan aims to build the world’ largest solar power park, The Quaid-e-Azam
Solar Power Park in the Cholistan Desert, Punjab by 2017 with a 1GW capacity.
A plant of this size would be enough to power 320,000 homes
SOLAR POWER STATIONS

Station Location Capacity (MWs) Status

Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park Bahawalpur, Punjab 400 Operational since 2016

Harappa Solar Pvt. Ltd. Sahiwal, Punjab 18 Operational since 2018

Bukhsh Solar Pvt. Ltd. Lodhran, Punjab 10 Operational by March 2018

Access Electric Pvt. Ltd. Punjab 10 Operational by March 2018

Safe Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. Punjab 10 Operational by March 2018

AJ Power Pvt. Ltd. Sahiwal, Punjab 12 Operational by March 2018

Scatec Solar Goth Gagrawa, Sindh 50 Operational by March 2018

Oursons Pakistan Ltd. Gharo, Sindh 50 Operational by Dec 2018

Under construction. Operational

Enertech Quetta, Balochistan 50
by June 2019
THE END