REMOTE CONTROL CAR CONTROLLED WITH SMART PHONE

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree of

DIPLOMA
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BY
B.shivani (17556-EE-012)
B.saikiran (17556-EE-010)
B.phanindra kumar (17556-EE-008)
O.jaya prakash (17556-EE-042)
SK.sana (17556-EE-053)
V.rajesh (17556-EE-057)

Under the Esteemed guidance of

MS.S.RODA VISHAL,Assistant proffessor ,EEE Dep
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
NARSAMPET, WARANGAL-506331, TELANGANA
2019-2020
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
NARSAMPET, WARANGAL-506331, TELANGANA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Report entitled ”REMOTE CONTROL CAR CONTROL WITH
SMART PHONE” is a bonafied record carried out by B.Shivani (17556-EE-012),B.Phanindra kumar
(17556-EE-008),B.Saikiran (17556-EE-010),SK.Sana (17556-EE-053),0.Jaya prakash (17556-EE-
042),V.Rajesh (17556-EE-057).of final year in electrical and electronics engineering during the academic
year (2018-19) in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award from state board of technical
education and training, Hyderabad T.S.

Ms.S.RODA VISHAL Ms.R.SWATHI REDDY

(Asst.Professor) (Asst.Professor)
Internal Guide HOD Dep,EEE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure toacknowledgement the perennial inspiration of Prof. V.S.

HARIHARAN, Principal, BalajiInstitute of Technology and Science and Asst. Prof.Ms.R.SWATHI
REDDY, Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for the kind of cooperation
and encouragement in bringing out this task.
This rightfully belonged to him to facilitate the completion of this academic task.
We express my gratitude to my guide Ms.S.RODA VISHAL Assistant professor, of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering,for the unflagging zeal with which her guided us in carrying out the project
work am deeply indebted for his invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, constructive criticism
and inspiring suggestions throughout the course of my project work.
We express my gratitude to the entire faculty and the staff members of EEE department forthe
cordial co-operation throughout the fulfillment of this work.

B.Shivani (17556-EE-012)
B. Sai kiran (17556-EE-010)
B. Phanindra kumar (17556-EE-008)
O. Jaya prakash (17556-EE-042)
SK. Sana (17556-EE-053)
V.Rajesh (17556-EE-057)
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project entitled “ARDUINO BASED ON TEMPERATURE DISPLAY ON
NOKIA 5110 LCD USING LM35 SENSOR’’ the work during the period November to march and is
submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award in diploma. The results embodied in this
project have not been submitted to any other university or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

B.Shivani (17556-EE-012)
B. Sai kiran (17556-EE-010)
B. Phanindra kumar (17556-EE-008)
O. Jaya prakash (17556-EE-042)
SK. Kalyan (17556-EE-053)
V.Rajesh (17556-EE-057)

Date:
Place: Warangal
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CERTIFICTE
This is to certify that the above declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief

Ms.S.RODA VISHAL
Assistant Professor
Place: BITS,Narsampet
Date;
 ABSTRACT

A remote control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by means that does not
restrict its motion with a origin external to the device. This is often a radio control device, cable between
control and vehicle or an infrared or Bluetooth controller. A remote control vehicle (Also known as RCV)
is always controlled by a human and takes no positive action autonomously. It is vital that a vehicle should
be capable of proceeding accurately to a target area; maneuvering within that area to fulfill its mission and
returning equally accurately and safety to base.

In this project we are using Bluetooth wireless technology to control our robot car which is a very simple
communication system. The remote in this project is an android device which has Bluetooth feature built
in. The user install an application on his/her mobile and turn on the Bluetooth in the mobile phone user can
perform various actions like moving Forward , Backward, move left and move right using commands that
are sent from the android mobile. The Bluetooth is serial communication medium through which can be
connect two devices wirelessly. Here we have used a Bluetooth module in our robot car which gets
connected to the phone’s Bluetooth that allows us to communicate and allows to cake command over it.
The task of controlling the car is done by the Arduino UNO which houses the microcontroller
ATMEGA32.Arduino has played a major role in the robotic section and has made it easier to convert
digital and analog signal to physical movements. The project is Bluetooth based because it gives us wider
range of control and more efficiency. It also gives us the advantage of charging the remote anytime,
meaning that we can use any android devices including phones, tablets, computers physical barriers like
walls doors, etc. do not effect in controlling the car.
 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

CHAPTER-3 HISTORY 5

CHAPTER-4 PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION 7

CHAPTER-5 ENERGY INVOLVES 8

CHAPTER-6 EXPERMENTAL WORK 11

6.1 ARDUINO UNO 11

6.2 HC05 BLUETOOTH MODULE 12

6.3 BO MOTOR DRIVER 12

6.4 L293M MOTOT DRIVER IC 13

6.5 WHEELS 14

6.6 ZERO PCB 14

6.7 CASE 15

6.8 SCREWS 15

6.9 WIRES 16

6.10 FLOW CHART 17

CHAPTER-7 ANALYSIS 18

CHAPTER-8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 19

&APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER-9 BREAD BOARD LAYOUT OF BLUETOOTH CONTROL 20

CAR

CHAPTER-10 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 21

CHAPTER-11 SOURCE CODE 22

CHAPTER-12 ARDUINO BLUETOOTH CONTROL 24

CHAPTER-13 CONCLUSION 25

CHAPTER-14 REFERENCES 25
 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

List of tables

Table.1. Components used

List of figures

Fig.1. Toy grade RC car

Fig.2. Nitro power models

Fig.3. Rc car

Fig.4. Bluetooth controller

Fig.5. Electrical Energy

Fig.6. Mechanical Energy

Fig.7. Energy conversion

Fig.8. HC05 Bluetooth module

Fig.9. BO Motor 60 rpm

Fig.10. L293D Motor driver

Fig.11. Wheels

Fig.12. Zero PCB

Fig.13.Case

Fig.14. Screws

Fig.15. Wires
Fig.16. flow chart

Fig.17. Bread board layout of Bluetooth control car

Fig.18. circuit diagram

Fig.19. Bluetooth control app

Fig.20.output result
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Toy-grade R/C cars are typically manufactured with a focus on design coupled with reducing
production costs. Where as a hobby-grade car has separate electronic components that are individually
replaceable if they fail, toy grade cars are typically made with components harder to find as spare parts and
a single electronic circuit board integrated into the design of the vehicle. Although hobby-grade enthusiasts
look down on toy-grade R/C cars, their maintenance is much easier than that of the hobby-grade models
since number of components is drastically smaller, and parts can be harvested at almost no cost from any
R/C toy car of the similar size. Performance tends to depend on price, but with addition of hobby-grade
type of batteries (LiPo) toy R/C cars can get up to 1/2 the speed of comparable hobby-grade car for 1/5 of
the price. Stock toy-grade cars are equipped with weaker motors and are powered by alkaline or NiCad
batteries which means their top speed is usually only 5–15 mph (8–24 km/h). Cheaper ones lack any form
of a suspension and the ones that do feature a suspension have very primitive or rudimentary designs.
Steering is typically not proportional (with only three positions: straight, full left, and full right) and there
is typically no proportional "throttle" either, with stopped and full power usually being the only options.
With all the disadvantages, toy-grade R/C cars are a great intro to the hobby, especially for ages 5–10, and
are cheap platform for modifications and tuning even for older enthusiasts.

Fig.1. Toy grade RC car

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

1
 NITRO POER MODELS

Nitromethane nitro powered models utilize a single servo for throttle and braking control; rotation
of the servo in one direction will cause the throttle on the carburetor to open, providing more air and fuel
mixture to the internal combustion engine. Rotation of the servo in the other direction causes torque to
be applied to a linkage and cam which causes friction with the braking material. The brake is commonly
located on the driveshaft or spur gear in some cases and applies stopping power only to the driven wheels.
Some models will also use an additional servo to control a transmission box, enabling the vehicle to drive
in reverse.
Fuel engine sizes most often range between 0.12–0.35 cubic inches (2.0–5.7 cm3). This is due to
restrictions by the main sanctioning bodies for radio-controlled racing. Many "outlaw" engines are
manufactured larger than these, mainly intended for vehicles which will not be used in sanctioned races
and therefore do not need to comply with these regulations. Engine size is related to the class of car; 1/10
scale on and off-road vehicles usually are equipped with .12–.18 cubic inch engines, with 1/8 scale
vehicles using .21–.32 cubic inch engines. There are exceptions, with many Schumacher and Thunder
Tiger/Team Associated RC models being good examples of unusually large engines coming as standard
equipment on certain models.
Fuel-powered engines allow model cars to reach moderate speeds unmodified. Maximum power is
generally achieved at medium to high speeds, and a slightly slower throttle response than electrically
powered vehicles is to be expected due to clutching and lack of torque. Electric motors effectively produce
instantaneous torque, whereas nitro engines, like full-sized gasoline engines, take time for the engine to
spool up and for the clutch to engage. Nitro- (and fuel) powered cars may be refueled and returned to
action in a few seconds, as opposed to electrics which require removal of the body shell and battery
fasteners to replace a discharged battery. Nitro cars are cooled some by air, some by the oil mixed in with
the fuel and may be run continuously with no need to take breaks for cooling down assuming they are
properly tuned.

Fig.2. Nitro power models

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

2
 `

CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Various researches have been made by different researchers in developing this project. However,
they serve a different application and have different technologies implemented. Some of those papers are
mentioned below stating their technology and application. Jorge Kazacos Winter [2] has developed android
controlled robot automation. Main aim of his project was the transfer of information wirelessly between a
smartphone and the robot and developing the robot and its communication system underneath a low price
and open source philosophy. He used 3D design technique to style the structure of the robot with the
facilitation of parametrical modeling software. The style, when fed to the 3D printer can print the parts of
the robot in a layered manner one by one and can then use these parts to assemble the robot simply. He has
used Arduino micro-controller and Wi-Fi technology in this robot.

M.Selvam [4] in his paper has projected design to develop a robotic system which has a wireless camera
attached to it for surveillance. Bluetooth was implemented in his project for providing connection between
robot and smartphone. Wireless night vision camera was used for providing remote surveillance. The video
which is recorded by camera is then transmitted to TV unit through Radio Frequency signal. He used 8051
micro controller for the robotic unit.

Vito M Guardi [1] has evolved the method of Bluetooth technology by developing an android app for a
robot which is driven by a microcontroller. The central idea of his work is to show that one android app
can be operated using totally different electronic devices. Vito M Guardi has invented a communication
protocol for android smartphone and robotic platform over a Bluetooth.

Ranjith Kumar Goud and B.Santhosh Kumar [3] have invented a pick and drop robot. They wanted it to be
used for diffusing a bomb remotely with safety. For the robotic arm, they used a pair of motors and another
pair as the wheels of the robot for controlling the movement. Connectivity is established using Bluetooth.
The micro-controller used is LPC2148. They had also attached a wireless camera for remote surveillance.
They have worked on this project mainly for industrial and military applications.

Xiao Lu, Wenjun Liu, Haixia Wang, Qia Sun [8] have published a paper based on a project in which the
smartphone is capable of IFLYTEK voice as well as handwritten input. The design is therefore robust,
suitable, and practical for use and it also ensures the reliability of the full system. For connectivity between
the smartphone and robot, wifi is used. Use of wifi makes it easy and absolutely convenient for controlling
the robot so that it can act according to the commands.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

3
 `

Arpit Sharma, Reetesh Verma, Saurabh Gupta, Sukhdeep Kaur Bhatia [9] have configured an android
smartphone which can control a robot via Bluetooth technology. The phone uses motion sensors and
records the gestures sent via an android mobile phone. It also has an inbuilt accelerometer and Bluetooth
module for controlling the movements of a robot.

Conventional Wireless Robotics:

A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent; usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by
a computer program or electronic circuitry in conventional robotics, the controlling and operation of robots
is usually done by using RF [Radio Frequency] circuits.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

4
 `

CHAPTER-3
HISTORY
Early commercial products

Several early commercially viable RC cars were available by mid-1966, produced by the Italian
company El-Gi (Elettronica Giocattoli) from Reggio Emilia. Their first model, a 1:12 Ferrari 250LM was
available in the UK in December 1966, through importers Motor Books and Accessories, St. Martins,
London, and early in 1967 through Atkinson's model shop in Swansea. This model was followed by El-
Gi's 1:10 Ferrari P4, first shown at the Milan Toy Fair in early 1968. R/C cars became possible around this
time solely because of the development of 'proportional' radio control. Previously all radio was of the
'bang/bang' variety, i.e. steering was either left, center, or right and speed was either stop or go. This was
usable for aircraft or boats but not for cars.

In the mid-late 1960s a British company, Mardave, based in Leicester, began to produce commercially
viable RC Cars. Their first cars were nitro- or gas-powered cars sold in the local area in the early 1970s.

In the early 1970s several commercial products were created by small firms in the US. Most of these
companies began as slot car companies and with the wane in popularity of that genre moved into the R/C
field. Among these were Associated Electrics, Thorp, Dynamic, Taurus, Delta, and Scorpion. These early
brubs were 1/8 scale nitro-powered (then called gas) aluminum flat pan cars powered by a .21 or smaller
engine. The bodies for these cars were made of polycarbonate (the most popular made of Lexan). The most
popular engine was the K&B Veco McCoy. The primary sanctioning body for races for these cars was
Remotely Operated Auto Racers (ROAR). In 1973-74, Jerobee, a company based in Washington State,
created their 1/12 nitro car using a Cox .049 engine. Over 54,000 were sold "Ready to Run" W/Radio
control system of which 25K were made by EK Product of Texas and the balance by JoMac when they
bought the company from Rocket Research Corp. Several aftermarket companies created parts for this car
including clear Lexan bodies, heat sinks, and larger fuel tanks. This scale evolved into 1/12 scale electric
racing when Associated Electrics created the RC12E in 1976-77. Jerobee became Jomac and created their
own electric kit called the Lightning 2000 that won the "ROAR" National Championships in 1981& 82 for
6-Cell Modified and 82 the 6-Cell Production classes. The Lightning 2000 was designed by Don McKay
and Jon Congdon.

By the late 1970s, interests in 1/12 scale electric racing began to grow as 1/8 scale IC racers, the sole
racing category at the time, needing to race throughout the winter as an alternative to their impractical IC
cars began to race 1/12 cars, therefore a winter national series was developed. As a result, the series grew
into popularity as a large number of scratch built cars started to appear in these meetings. Again, electric
r/c cars were enabled by one revolutionary development, that of the NiCad rechargeable battery. Prior to
the mid-1970s, batteries were either heavy lead acid or expensive throw away dry cells. In 1976, the
Japanese firm Tamiya, which was renowned for their intricately detailed plastic model kits, released a
series of elegant and highly detailed, but mechanically simple electric on-road car models that were sold as
"suitable for radio control". Although rather expensive to purchase, the kits and radio systems sold rapidly.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

5
 `

Tamiya soon began to produce more purpose-built remote-controlled model cars, and were the
first to release off-road buggies featuring real suspension systems. It was this progression toward the off-
road class that brought about much of the hobby's popularity, as it meant radio-controlled cars were no
longer restricted to bitumen and smooth surfaces, but could be driven virtually anywhere. The first true
Tamiya off-road vehicles were the Sand Scorcher and the Rough Rider, both released in 1979, and both
based on realistic dune buggy designs. Tamiya continued to produce off-road vehicles in increasing
numbers, featuring working suspensions, more powerful motors, textured off-road rubber tires and various
stylized "dune buggy" bodies. They also produced trucks, such as the Toyota HiLux Pickup, that featured
realistic 3 speed gearboxes and leaf-spring suspension systems. All of these models were realistic, durable,
easy to assemble, capable of being modified, and simple to repair. They were so popular that they could be
credited with launching a boom in radio-controlled model cars in the early to mid 1980s, and provided the
basis for today's radio-controlled car market. Popular Tamiya models included the Grasshopper and
the Hornet dune buggies as well as the Blackfoot and Clodbuster monster truck models. The earliest
Tamiya models, particularly the early off roaders, are now highly sought after by vintage R/C collectors
and can fetch prices of up to US$3000 on internet auction sites if still in mint, unbuilt form.
Acknowledging their continued popularity, several of the early kits have even been re-released by Tamiya
during 2005–2007, with a few alterations.

Fig.3.Rc car

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

6
 `

CHAPTER-4
PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION

Radio-controlled cars use a common set of components for their control and operation. All
cars require a transmitter, which has the joysticks for control, or in pistol grip form, a trigger for
throttle and a wheel for turning, and a receiver which sits inside the car. The receiver changes
the radio signal broadcast from the transmitter into suitable electrical control signals for the other
components of the control system. Most radio systems utilize amplitude modulation for the radio
signal and encode the control positions with pulse-width modulation. Upgraded radio systems are
available that use the more robust frequency modulation and pulse code modulation. Recently
however, 2.4 GHz frequency radios have become the standard for hobby-grade R/C cars. The radio is
wired up to either electronic speed controls or servomechanisms (shortened to "servo" in common
usage) which perform actions such as throttle control, braking, steering, and on some cars, engaging
either forward or reverse gears. Electronic speed controls and servos are commanded by the receiver
through pulse width modulation; pulse duration sets either the amount of current that an electronic
speed control allows to flow into the electric motor or sets the angle of the servo. On these models
the servo is attached to at least the steering mechanism; rotation of the servo is mechanically changed
into a force which steers the wheels on the model, generally through adjustable turnbuckle linkages.
Servo savers are integrated into all steering linkages and some nitro throttle linkages. A servo saver
is a flexible link between the servo and its linkage that protects the servo's internal gears from
damage during impacts or stress.

fig.4.Bluetooth controller
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
7
 `

CHAPTER-5
ENERGIES INVOLVED

ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

Electrical Energy
When energy is stored in charged particles which are in an electric field, that energy is
known to be electrical energy. The regions or areas which form an envelope around these
charged particles are called as electric fields. The electric fields are a result of charged
particles, and they exert force on other charged particles causing them to move in the electric
field.
The basic energy conversion taking place is first from kinetic energy to mechanical
energy and then from mechanical energy to electrical energy. The kinetic energy of the vehicle
which is wasted at the speed breaker is converted to mechanical energy of the unit below speed
breaker by the rack and pinion mechanism. This mechanical energy is later converted to
electrical energy by a generator.

Fig.5.Electrical Energy
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
8
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

MECHANICAL ENERGY

In physical sciences, mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is
the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. The principle of conservation of
mechanical energy states that in an isolated system that is only subject to conservative forces, the
mechanical energy is constant. If an object moves in the opposite direction of a conservative net force, the
potential energy will increase; and if the speed (not the velocity) of the object changes, the kinetic energy
of the object also changes. In all real systems, however, nonconservative forces, such as frictional forces,
will be present, but if they are of negligible magnitude, the mechanical energy changes little and its
conservation is a useful approximation. In elastic collisions, the mechanical energy is conserved, but
in inelastic collisions some mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy. The equivalence between
lost mechanical energy (dissipation) and an increase in temperature was discovered by James Prescott
Joule.
Many devices are used to convert mechanical energy to or from other forms of energy, e.g. an electric
motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, an electric generator converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy and a heat engine converts heat energy to mechanical energy.

Fig.6.Mechanical Energy

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

9
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

ENERGY CONVERSION
ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY
The electrical energy is given to the motors by using the 9 volts batteries then as per we giving
instructions by using the application then the motor moves then in hear the electrical energy is converted
into mechanical energy.

Fig.7.Energy conversion

ADVANTAGES

Advantages of remote controlled car controlled with smart phone

 Easy to operate.
 Low cost.
 Simple construction.
 Life time is also high
 The good response.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

10
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

CHAPTER-6

EXPERMENTAL WORK

Table.1.components used

S.NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY

1 Arduino UNO 1
2 HC05 Bluetooth module 1
3 BO motor 60 rpm 4
4 L293D motor driver IC 1
5 Wheels 2
6 Zero PCB 1
7 case 1
8 Screws 8
9 Wires 15

6.1 .ARDUINO UNO

Fig.8. Arduino UNO

ArduinoUno isan opensource microcontrollerboard basedonthe Microchip ATmega328P micro

controller and developed by Arduino.cc.[2][3] The board is equipped with sets of digital and
analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other
circuits.[1] The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable.[4] It can be powered by the USB
cable,

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

11
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
6.2. HC05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

Fig.8. HC05 Bluetooth module

 It is used for many applications like wireless headset, game controllers, wireless mouse, wireless
keyboard and many more consumer applications.
 It has range up to <100m which depends upon transmitter and receiver, atmosphere, geographic &
urban conditions.
 It is IEEE 802.15.1 standardized protocol, through which one can build wireless Personal Area Network
(PAN). It uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio technology to send data over air.
 It uses serial communication to communicate with devices. It communicates with microcontroller using
serial port (USART).

6.3. BO MOTORS 60 RPM

Fig.9.BO Motor 60 rpm

DC motor (BO) Battery Operation. Dc motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Why DC gear motor used in robot Motor control circuit. DC MOTOR concept is where gears
reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. In DC motor is
assembled with multiple gear setup. Speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations of the soft per
minute is called RPM. RPM means Revolution Per Minute. The setup assemble helps to increasing
the torque and reduce the motor speed. All micro-controller based Robots this type of DC motor can
be used.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

12
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
6.4. L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC

Fig.10. L293D Motor driver

A H bridge is an electronic circuit that allows a voltage to be applied across a load in any
direction. H-bridge circuits are frequently used in robotics and many other applications to allow DC motors
to run forward & backward. These motor control circuits are mostly used in different converters like DC-
DC, DC-AC, AC-AC converters and many other types of power electronic converters. In specific, a
bipolar stepper motor is always driven by a motor controller having two H-bridges

A H-bridge is fabricated with four switches like S1, S2, S3 and S4. When the S1 and S4 switches are
closed, then a +ve voltage will be applied across the motor. By opening the switches S1 and S4 and closing
the switches S2 and S3, this voltage is inverted, allowing invert operation of the motor.
Generally, the H-bridge motor driver circuit is used to reverse the direction of the motor and also to break
the motor. When the motor comes to a sudden stop, as the terminals of the motor are shorted. Or let the
motor run free to a stop, when the motor is detached from the circuit. The table below gives the different
operations with the four switches corresponding to the above circuit.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

13
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
6.5. WHEELS

Fig.11. Wheels
A wheel is a disc- or circle-shaped mechanical device. Its main purpose is to allow things to roll;
in other words, the wheel spins, and object on the wheels moves more easily along the ground. It is
a simple machine. Most land vehicles roll on wheels. Wheels are often used in pairs, connected by a rod
of wood or metal known as an axle. Many machines have wheels with teeth, known as gears.

6.6. Zero PCB

Fig.12. Zero PCB

 General purpose PCB's are widely used to embed circuits randomly for running of hardware.

 Its layer is coated with copper and allows proper soldering without any short circuit.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

14
 6.7.CASE Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Fig.13. Case

 In this case is used to fix the all parts.

 This is used to support the vehicle.

6.8. SCREWS

Fig.14. Screws

A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque (rotational
force) to a linear force. It is one of the six classical simple machines. The most common form consists of a
cylindrical shaft with helical grooves or ridges called threads around the outside.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

15
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

6.9. Wires

Fig.15. Wires

 A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

 Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals.

 Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate.

 Although usually circular in cross-section, wire can be made in square, hexagonal,

flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes.

 Two or more wires may be wrapped concentrically, separated by insulation, to

form coaxial cable.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

16
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

6.10. FLOW CHART

Fig.16. Flow chart

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

17
 CHAPTER-7

ANALYSIS

BLUETOOTH MODULE (HC-05)

ARDUINO

MOTOR DRIVER

DC MOTORS

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

18
 CHAPTER-8
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

8.1 Advantages:-
1. Simple construction, mature technology, and easy maintenance.
2. No manual work necessary during generation.
3. No fuel transportation problem.
4. No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of energy.
5. Maximum utilization of energy.
6. No fuel storage is required.
7. It will work with light weight and heavy vehicle.
8. There is no usage of any fossil fuel hence electricity is generated by renewable means.
9. Simple construction, mature technology and easy maintenance.
10. This method requires less measure of floor area and also the traffic is not obstructed.
11. It is economical and not difficult to install.
12. This method is promising due to its good efficiency and energy recovery criteria.

8.2 Disadvantages:-
1. We have to check the arrangement from time to time.
2. Only move 10 meters.

8.3 Applications:

1. Used in modern cars.

2. Used in all modern vehicles.

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

19
 CHAPTER-9

BREADBOARD LAYOUT OF BLUETOOTH CONTROL CAR

Fig.17. Bread board layout of Bluetooth control car

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

20
 CHAPTER-10
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.18.circuit diagram

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

21
 CHAPTER-11

SOURCE CODE
char t;

void setup() {
pinMode(13,OUTPUT); //left motors forward
pinMode(12,OUTPUT); //left motors reverse
pinMode(11,OUTPUT); //right motors forward
pinMode(10,OUTPUT); //right motors reverse
pinMode(9,OUTPUT); //Led
Serial.begin(9600);

void loop() {
if(Serial.available()){
t = Serial.read();
Serial.println(t);
}

if(t == 'F'){ //move forward(all motors rotate in forward

direction)
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}

else if(t == 'B'){ //move reverse (all motors rotate in reverse

direction)
digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
}

else if(t == 'L'){ //turn right (left side motors rotate in forward
direction, right side motors doesn't rotate)
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}

else if(t == 'R'){ //turn left (right side motors rotate in forward
direction, left side motors doesn't rotate)
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
}

else if(t == 'W'){ //turn led on or off)

digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
22
 }
else if(t == 'w'){
digitalWrite(9,LOW);
}

else if(t == 'S'){ //STOP (all motors stop)

digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(12,LOW);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
digitalWrite(10,LOW);
}
delay(100);
}

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

23
 CHAPTER-12

ARDUINO BLUETOOTH CONTROLLER

 RC car is control by using this app.

Fig.19.Bluetooth control app

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

24
 CHAPTER-13

CONCLUSION
The Arduino is an open source device that has been the brain for numerous projects. The Arduino
has everything that is required by user which includes its inbuilt converter to pins etc. With the
combination the Arduino and Bluetooth shield we can control over many other things, like home Lightings
air conditioner and many more through our cell phones .The Arduino can also contribute at large for the
smart Home system. By doing this project we found out a lot about Arduino, and it has made us easier to
convert digital signals into physical movements. One more advantage of Arduino is that once a program is
burned we don’t need worry about that program getting erased as long as it is not RESET. Arduino has
over all other microcontroller because of its efficiency and friendly property.

RESULT

We finally done the project and we get output and we learnt how to give connections and applying codes to
Arduino .

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

25
 CHAPTER-14
REFERENCES

BOOKS

1. Introduction to Arduino.

2. 30 Arduino project for Evil Genius Simon Monk

REFERENCES ON WEB

1. https//www.instructables.com/

2. https//circluitdigest.com/

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

26
 Project Done By
Name: B.Phanindra kumar
Father Name: B.Venumadhav
E-mail: batthulaphanindrakumar123@gmail.com
Mobile no.: 8464872633
Address: h.no: 11-22-62,Kashibugga,Warangal(urban)

Name: B.Shivani
Father Name: E.Gopal
E-mail: sindhujaejjigiri15@gmail.com
Mobile no.: 9948801075
Address: h.no: 2-36/2, Desharajupally,Kamalapur,Warangal(urban)

Name: B.Sai kiran

Father Name: B.Sampath kumar
E-mail: saikiranbolakonda@gmail.com
Mobile no.: 7989172344
Address: h.no: 3-124, Narsampet,Warangal(rural)

Name: O,Jaya prakash

Father Name: O.Raju
E-mail: rakesh9959688858@gmail.com
Mobile no.:9959688858
Address: h.no.1-116/1, Darmaram,Warangal(rural)

Name: SK.Sana
Father Name: P.Santhosh
E-mail: rahulpitta7@gmail.com
Mobile no.:6304716916
Address: Parkal,Warangal(rural)

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

27
 Name: V.Rajesh
Father Name: V.Swamy
E-mail: vankudothrajesh22@gmail.com
Mobile no.:6302459558
Address: h.no:19-34/8,Kommala,Warangal(rural)

Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences

28
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
29
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
30
Balaji Institute of Technology and Sciences
31