Pavia National High School

Science Department
Department of Education

Lesson Plan
GRADE 9 SCIENCE
HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
DNA Structure
I. Objectives
At the end of the class discussion, the Grade 9 learners must have:
 Defined Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
 Described the composition and structure of DNA
 Manipulated the nucleotides (basic building blocks) of DNA
II. Learning Content
A. Subject Matter
 Heredity:Inheritance and Variation - DNA Structure
B. Content Outline
 Review what is Codominance
 Define Multiple alleles
 Give example of Multiple alleles
 Identify the unknown phenotype of individuals on the basis of the known phenotypes through a punnet square.
 Crossing all possible gene pairs of a specific blood type
C. Science Concept
 Codominance occur when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote. Neither of the allele
is dominant over the other

 Multiple alleles is when more than two alleles control the inheritance of a character.
 The ABO Blood Type System is governed by Multiple alleles. It is controlled by 3 alleles, the A, B and O alleles.
 A mother who is blood type A and a child who is blood type A can have a father who is blood type A, B, AB or O. A
mother who is blood type B and a child who is blood type AB can have a father who is blood type A or AB only. A
mother who is blood type AB and a child who is blood type B can have a father who is blood type A, B, AB or O. A
mother who is blood type O and a child who is blood type O can have a father who is blood type A, B or O only.
 O is a recessive allele, two O alleles must be present for a person to have type O blood. If A allele or B allele is paired
with O allele, the resulting blood type is A or B. A and B are codominant. If a person receives an A allele and a B
allele, their blood type is type AB.
D. Science Process Skills
 Inferring
 Predicting
 Analyzing

E. Value Focus
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Science Department
Department of Education

 Participates in class discussion

 Cooperates during group works
 Value the importance of donating blood
III. Instructional Materials
A. Visual Aids
 Printed images,
 Key Concepts written in Manila paper
 Blank Punnett squares in cartolina
B. References
 Science 9 Learner’s Module, Module 2 pp. 19-21
 Science 9 Teacher’s Guide, pp. 31

IV. Lesson Development

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Teacher’s Remarks/Notes

“Everyone, please stand. Let us pray.” The students stands in
attention to pray.

“Good morning class.” “Good morning Ma’am”

“We’re already done with our topic about sex- “Sex-influenced traits are The teacher will call for a
influenced trait. Now, who can recall what is a expressed in both sexes but volunteer to recite.
sex-influenced trait?” more frequently in one than
the other sex.”

“Can you site some examples?” “The pattern of baldness in

humans Ma’am”
“Ok. Very good.”
Engagement “How is sex-influenced trait similar with sex- “Sex-limited and sex- Another student will volunteer
15 mins limited trait? influenced traits are similar in to answer.
that their expression depends
on whether the person is male
or female. And they are
generally autosomal which
means they are not found in X
or Y chromosome.
“Very good”
“We can now proceed to our next lesson about The teacher will play a video
the structure of DNA. But before anything else and let the students watch.
I am going to show to you a video regarding
this topic.” Instruct the students to take
down notes.
 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

“in the video you’ve watched, you seen there After watching, the teacher will
that the nucleus of cells contain the genetic summarize the watched video to
material called DNA. And the DNA is the students and give an activity
composed of chains of nucleotides. Nucleotides afterwards
are also composed of a sugar and a phosphate
as its backbone and the nitrogenous bases. The
nitrogenous bases are guanine, cytosine,
adenine and thymine. Guanine pairs with
cytosine, adenine pairs with thymine.

“Understood?” “Yes Ma’am”

“And now, were going to have an activity.”

“I have here the different parts of the

nucleotides. Based on the video you’ve watch
earlier, your task is to put together these parts to
form a chain of nucleotides.”

“Color and cut out all of the units needed to

make the nucleotides from the handout
provided. Color code phosphate with brown,
Exploration deoxyribose sugar with black, and nitrogenous
20 mins bases; Adenine with color yellow, Guanine with
green, Thymine with blue and cytosine with
red.”

“Using the small squares and stars as guide,

line up the phosphate and sugars.”

“Attach the bases to the sugar using the circle

as guide following the sequence to form a row
from top to bottom.”

Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
“Let this arrangement represent the left half of
the DNA molecule.”

“After you have constructed the DNA model,

proceed immediately to the guide questions and
answer it.”
Explanation “Our DNA which is the genetic material is During the discussion, the
15 mins composed of a sugar, phosphate and answers to the guide questions
nitrogenous bases. The four nitrogenous bases will be checked also.
are adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine”
The teacher will request the
“These nitrogenous bases are attach to the students to exchange their
backbone which are the phosphate and sugar.” papers.
“When an adenine is attached to the backbone,
it is called adenine nucleotide.” The teacher will call a name to
answer.
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Science Department
Department of Education

“ What are the four nitrogenous bases?” “The adenine, thymine,

“Very good” cytosine and guanine”
“Let’s answer the guide questions”

“What are the common parts of a nucleotide?” “Sugar, phosphate and

nitrogenous base.”

“What is the one part of the nucleotide that “Nitrogenous base”

differs among the other different nucleotides?”

“The Adenine pairs with Thymine in the

opposite side of the chain. Guanine and
Cytosine also pairs with each other.”
“Adenine and Guanine are called purines,
which means they have a double ring structure.
On the other hand, Thymine and Cytosine are
called pyrimidines, they are characterized by a
single ring structure.”
“The structure of the nitrogenous bases is
important in the rigidity of the DNA molecule.”
“What is the pairing arrangement of the
nitrogenous bases?”
The teacher will draw an
illustration of the structures of
each nitrogenous bases.
After discussing the structure,
the teacher will proceed to the
next guide question.
“Adenine pairs with thymine.
Cytosine pairs with guanine.”

“Very good” “Yes, because adenine can

“Are there always going to be an equal number only pair with thymine
of adenine and thymine nucleotides in a because of their chemical
molecule? Why?” structures”

“Yes, because cytosine can

“Are there always going to be an equal number only pair with guanine because
of cytosine and guanine nucleotides in a of their chemical structures”
molecule? Why?”

“Very good”

Elaboration Small alteration in your DNA can greatly affect

5 mins the individual.
Fill in the blanks: The teacher will give a short
quiz to assess students’ learning.
1. Is the genetic material that genes are
made up of. Answer key:
Evaluation 1. Another part of the DNA backbone 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
5 mins where the ribose sugar is attached to. (DNA)
2. Is paired with adenine. 2. Phosphate
3. Thymine
3. Is paired with guanine
4. Cytosine
4. Is the structure of the DNA. 5. Double helix structure

Prepared by:

Louise Meara C. Severo

 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

Noted by:

Mrs. Kriemehilda Gajo