ETAG and ACI Design

Designing with Annex C or Appendix D

ETAG 001, Annex C ACI 318-02, Appendix D
 Basic Proof and Safety Check  Basic Proof and Safety Check
Sd  Rd Sua  Rn
 Sd … Design value of the applied loads  Sua … factored load
 Rd … Design value of the resistance  ΦRn … lowest design strength
Rk
Sk   F 
M
 Sk ... characteristc load
 F ... partial safety factor for loads
 Rk ... characteristc resistance
 M ... partial safety factor for resistances
> 2 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 Failure Modes  Failure Modes / Strength
 Tension  Tension
 Steel  Steel
 Pull-out (mechanical anchor)  Pull-out (mechanical anchor)
 Combined pull-out and  Combined pull-out and
concrete cone (bonded concrete cone (bonded
anchor) anchor)
 Concrete Cone  Concrete Breakout
 Splitting
 Shear  Shear
 Steel  Steel
 Concrete Pry-out  Concrete Pry-out
 Concrete Edge  Concrete Breakout
 Interaction  Interaction

 Safety factors  Safety factors
 Steel failure  Steel failure – Anchor governed
 Tension by strength of ductile steel
element
1.2
 Ms   1.4  Tension
f yk / fuk
  0.75
 Shear  Shear
 Ms 
1.0
 1.25
  0.65
f yk / f uk
 Steel failure – Anchor governed
for fuk ≤ 800N/mm2 and fyk/fuk ≤ 0.8 by strength of brittle steel
element
1  Ms  1.5  Tension
 0.71;
1.4 for fuk > 800N/mm2 or fyk/fuk > 0.8
  0.65
1 1
 0.8;  0.66  Shear
1.5 1.25   0.60

 Safety factors  Safety factors
 Concrete related failure  Concrete related failure
 Condition A: supplem. reinforc.
 Mc   c   1   2  Tension
  0.75 Low sensitivity to installation
γc = 1.5   0.65 Medium sensitivity to installation

γ1 = 1.0 … 1.2
  0.55 High sensitivity to installation
 Shear
 Tension
  0.75
γ2 = 1.0 – systems with high
installation safety
= 1.2 - systems with medium  Condition B: no supplem. reinforc
installation safety
1  Tension
 0.66; = 1.4 - systems with low   0.65 Low sensitivity to installation
1.5 installation safety
1   0.55 Medium sensitivity to installation

 0.55;  Shear   0.45
1.8 High sensitivity to installation
γ2 = 1.0
1  Shear
 0.46   0.70
2.16
Design Requirements for

Tensile loading

 Design Requirements for Tensile  Design Requirements for Tensile
loading loading
 Safety Check  Safety Check
N Sd  N Rd Nua  N n
 Steel strength  Steel strength
N Rk ,s  AS  f uk N sa  n  Ase, N  futa
 Pull-out strength (mechanical anchor)  Pull-out strength (mechanical anchor)
N Rk , p N pn  N p  c, p
 Two different values for  ψc,p = 1.4 for non-cracked
cracked and non-cracked  ψc,p = 1.0 for cracked
 Values given in approval
 Values given in approval

loading loading
 Pull-out strength (bonded anchor)  Pull-out strength (bonded anchor)
 The characteristic resistance in case of  The nominal bond strength
combined pull -out and concrete cone
failure
Ap, N ANa
N Rk , p  N Rk
0
,p   s , Np  re, Np  ec, Np  g , Np N ag  N a 0   ed , Na  p, Na  ec, Na  g , Na
Ap0, N ANa0
 The initial value of the characteristic  The basic strength of a single adhesive
resistance of an anchor anchor
, p    d  hef  Rk ,cr ( ucr ) N a 0    d  hef  k ,cr

0
N Rk
Ap0, N  scr , Np  scr , Np 0

ANa 0  scr , Na  scr , Na
 
0.5 0.5
 scr , Np  scr , Na
scr , Np  20  d   Rk ,ucr   3  hef ccr , Np  scr , Na  20  d   k ,uncr  ccr , Na 
 7.5  2  1,450  2

loading loading
 The characteristic resistance in case of  The nominal bond strength
combined pull -out and concrete cone
failure

loading loading
 disturbance of the distribution of  influence of edge effects
stresses in the concrete due to edges of
the concrete member if ca,min < 1.5ccr,Na ,
c ca,min
 s , Np  0.7  0.3  1  ed , Na  0.7  0.3  1
ccr , Np ccr , Na
if ca,min > 1.5ccr,Na ,
 shell spalling factor takes account of the
effect of a dense reinforcement
 ed , Na  1.0
hef
 re, Np  0.5  1
200
 uncracked concrete without
supplementary reinforcement to control
splitting
 p, Np  1
 when ca,min > cac
max ca,min ; ccr , Na
 p, Np 
 cac when ca,min > cac

loading loading
 eccentricity of the resulting tensile load  eccentrically loaded anchor
acting on the tensioned anchors
1 1
 ec, Np  1  ec, Na  1
1  2eN / scr , Np 1  2eN' / scr , Na

loading loading
 effect of the failure surface for anchor  effect of the failure surface for anchor
groups groups
0.5 0.5
 g , Np   0
 s 

s

   0 1  1

  s 
 g , Na   g ,Na 0  
s
  1 

 g , Na 0
 1
 cr , Na 
g , Np g , Np
 cr , Np 
     d  
 0
 n  
n 1   d  Rk 
 k  hef  f ck ,cube 

 g , Na0  n  n  1    k ,cr 
' 
 
g , Np
   k c , cr hef f c 
 k = 2.3 for application in cracked concrete  kc,cr = 17 for application in cracked concrete
25.4  k = 3.2 for application in non-cracked concrete  kc,cr = 24 for application in non-cracked
24  concrete
145.04  
25.4
3.2 
145.04

loading loading
 Bond Strength Determination
 Bond strength values are a function of
installation conditions (dry, water
saturated). The characteristic bond
strength shall be multiplied with the
strength reduction factors d
(installation in dry concrete) or WS
(installation in water saturated
concrete). The bond strength must be
modified with the factor k for cases
where the holes are drilled in water
saturated concrete as follows:
Hole drilling
permissible
installation
conditions
Associated
concrete
method
bond strength
strength reduction
factor
dry
k,uncr d
uncracked
Hammer
concrete
drilled
water-
saturated
k,uncrws ws

N
loading loading
Scr,N  Concrete cone (mechanical anchor)  Concrete Break-out
 The characteristic resistance of an  The nominal break out strength
anchor or a group of anchors,
respectively, in case of concrete cone
scr,N failure
scr,N
Ac, N ANc
N Rk ,c  N Rk
0
,c   s , N  re, N  ec, N  ucr, N Ncb  Nb   ed , N  cp, N  ec, N  c, N
Ac0, N ANc0
 The initial value for cracked concrete  The basic concrete break out strength
,c  7.2  f ck ,cube  hef1.5 Nb  kc  f c'  hef1.5

0
N Rk
k c = 24 for cast-in anchors
k c = 17 for post-installed anchors
λ … Modification factor for
lightweight concrete
 The projected concrete cone failure area  The projected concrete cone failure
of a single anchor with an edge distance
scr , N  3hef equal to or greater than ccr,N
area of a single anchor with an edge
distance equal to or greater than 1.5hef
ccr , N  1.5hef Ac0, N  scr , N  scr , N ANc0  9hef2

loading loading
 Concrete cone (mechanical anchor)  Concrete Break-out
the concrete member if ca,min < 1.5hef ,
c ca,min
 s , N  0.7  0.3  1  ed , N  0.7  0.3 
ccr , N 1.5hef
if ca,min > 1.5hef ,
 ed , N  1.0
hef
 re, N  0.5  1
200
 uncracked concrete without
supplementary reinforcement to control
splitting
cp, N  1 when ca,min > cac
ca,min
 cp, N 
 cac when ca,min > cac

loading loading
 Reinforcement  Reinforcement

loading loading
 characteristic edge distance  critical edge distance
 c cr = 1.5 hef ,  c ac = 2.5 hef , undercut anchor

 c ac = 4 hef , torque-controlled
 characteristic spacing anchor
 c ac = 4 hef , displacement-
 s cr = 3 hef , controlled anchor
 minimum edge distance and  minimum edge distance

spacing
 according to approval  c = 6 da , undercut anchor
 c = = 8 da , torque-controlled
anchor
 c = 10 da , displacement-
controlled anchor
 or both according to approval

loading loading
 Concrete cone (mechanical anchor)  Concrete Break-out
 influence of concrete condition  no cracking of concrete at service load
cracked concrete
 ucr, N  1.0
non‐cracked concrete
 ucr, N  1.4  c, N  1.4
 eccentricity of the resulting tensile load  eccentrically loaded anchor

1 1
 ec, N  1  ec, N  1
1  2eN / scr , N 1  2eN' / 3hef

loading loading
 Concrete cone (bonded anchor)
 The characteristic resistance of an
failure
Ac, N
N Rk ,c  N Rk
0
,c   s , N  re, N  ec, N
Ac0, N
 The initial value for cracked concrete
,c  k1  f ck ,cube  hef1.5
0
N Rk
k 1 = 7.2 for applications in cracked
concrete
k 1 = 10.1 for applications in non-
cracked concrete
 The projected concrete cone failure area

of a single anchor with an edge distance
equal to or greater than ccr,N
Ac0, N  scr , N  scr , N

loading loading
 Concrete cone (bonded anchor)
 disturbance of the distribution of
the concrete member
c
 s , N  0.7  0.3  1
ccr , N

hef
 re, N  0.5  1
200
 eccentricity of the resulting tensile load

1
 ec, N  1
1  2eN / scr , N

loading loading
 calculation of AC,N
0.5 scr,N 0.5 scr,N

s1 s2
c1 c2
Ac, N  (0.5  scr, N  s1  c1 )  (0.5  scr, N  s2  c2 )

loading loading
 Splitting (mechanical anchor)
failure
Ac,sp
N Rk ,sp  N Rk
0
,c  0
 s ,sp  re,sp  ec,sp  h,sp  ucr,sp
A c , sp
 the influence of the actual member

thickness
2/3
 h 
 h,sp    1.5
 2h 
 ef 

loading loading
 Splitting (bonded anchor)
failure
Ac,sp
N Rk ,sp  N Rk
0
,c   s ,sp  re,sp  ec,sp  h,sp
Ac0,sp
 the influence of the actual member

thickness
2/3
 h 
 h,sp   
 min 
h
2/ 3
 2hef 
1   h,sp   
 hmin 


Shear loading

 Design Requirements for Shear  Design Requirements for Shear
loading loading
 Safety Check  Safety Check
VSd  VRd Vua  Vn
 Steel strength  Steel strength

 without lever arm
VRk ,s  0.5  AS  f uk Vsa  n  0.6  Ase,V  f uta
 with a levelling layer of  where anchors are used with

mortar with a thickness < 3 built-up grout pads, the
mm nominal strengths shall be
multiplied by a 0.8 factor

loading loading
 Steel strength
 with lever arm
 M  M Rk ,s
VRk ,s 
l
N Sd
M Rk ,s  M Rk
0
, s (1  )
N Rd ,s
, s  1.2  Wel  f uk
0
M Rk

loading loading
 Concrete Pry-out strength  Concrete Pry-out strength
 k  NRk, p   kcp  Nag 

VRk,cp  min  Vcpg  min 

 k  NRk,c   kcp  Ncbg 
 k = 1.0 for hef < 60mm  kcp = 1.0 for hef < 2.5in.
 k = 2.0 for hef ≥ 60mm  kcp = 2.0 for hef ≥ 2.5in.

loading loading
 Concrete Edge (mechanical anchor)  Concrete Break-out strength
 The characteristic resistance for an  The nominal break out strength
anchor or an anchor group in the case of
concrete edge failure
Ac,V AVc
VRk ,c  VRk0 ,c   s ,V  ec,V  h,V   ,V  ucr,V Vcbg  Vb   ed ,V  ec,V  c,V  h,V 
Ac0,V AVco
 The initial value for cracked concrete  The basic concrete break out strength
VRk0 ,c  0.45  d nom  l f / d nom   f ck ,cube  c11.5

0.2

VRk0 ,c  7  d a  le / d a 
0.2
  f c'  c1a.15

of a single anchor at the lateral concrete
surface not affected by edges parallel to
the assumed loading direction, member
thickness or adjacent anchors
Ac0,V  4.5  c12 AVco  4.5  ca21

loading loading
the concrete member
c2 ca 2
 s ,V  0.7  0.3  1  ed ,V  0.7  0.3  1
1.5  c1 1.5  ca1
 the shear resistance does not decrease  ha < 1.5 ca1 ,

proportionally to the member thickness
(1/ 3) (1/ 2 )
 1.5c1   1.5ca1 
 h,V   1  h,V    1
 h   a 
h
 anchor groups loaded eccentrically in  anchor groups loaded eccentrically in

shear shear
1 1
 ec,V  1  ec,V  1
1  2eV /(3c1 ) 1  2eV' /(3ca1 )

loading loading
 direction of shear load  direction of shear load
  ,V  1.0 for 0° < aV < 55°  factor of 2.0 for parallel to edge
1
  ,V 
cosV  0.5 sin  v for 55° < aV ≤90°
  ,V  2.0
for 90° <aV ≤180°
 condition of concrete and reinforcement
anchorage in cracked concrete without

 ucr,V  1.0 edge reinforcement or stirrups
anchorage in cracked concrete with straight

 ucr,V  1.2 edge reinforcement (> Ø12 mm)
anchorage in cracked concrete with edge

 ucr,V  1.4 reinforcement and closely spaced  c,V 1.4no cracking of concrete at service load
stirrups (a <100 mm), anchorage in non-
cracked concrete

loading loading
 Concrete Edge (bonded anchor)
 The characteristic resistance for an
anchor or an anchor group in the case of
concrete edge failure
Ac,V
VRk ,c  VRk0 ,c   s ,V  ec,V  h,V   ,V  re,V
Ac0,V

of a single anchor at the lateral concrete
surface not affected by edges parallel to
the assumed loading direction, member
thickness or adjacent anchors
Ac0,V  4.5  c12

loading loading
 The initial value for cracked concrete
VRk0 ,c  k1  d   hef f ck ,cube  c11.5
k 1 = 1.7 for applications in cracked

concrete
k 1 = 2.4 for applications in non-
cracked concrete
0.5
h 
  0.1 ef 
 c1 
0.2
d
  0.1 
 c1 

loading loading
 disturbance of the distribution of
the concrete member
c2
 s ,V  0.7  0.3  1
1.5  c1
 the shear resistance does not decrease

proportionally to the member thickness
(1/ 2)
 1.5c1 
 h,V   1
 h 
 anchor groups loaded eccentrically in

shear
1
 ec,V  1
1  2eV /(3c1 )

loading loading
 direction of shear load
1
  ,V   1.0
cosV 2   sin  v 
2
 2.5 
 condition of concrete and reinforcement
anchorage in cracked concrete without

 re,V  1.0 edge reinforcement or stirrups
anchorage in cracked concrete with straight

 re,V  1.2 edge reinforcement (> Ø12 mm)
anchorage in cracked concrete with edge

 re,V  1.4 reinforcement and closely spaced
stirrups (a <100 mm), anchorage in non-
cracked concrete

loading loading
 Reinforcement  Reinforcement


Combined tensile and shear
loading

 Design Requirements for  Interaction of Tensile and Shear
Combined tensile and shear Forces
loading
 N Sd   NUa   VUa 
   1.0       1.2
 Rd 
N  N n   Vn 
 VSd 
   1.0
 Rd 
V
 N Sd   VSd 
      1.2
 Rd   Rd 
N V

 Design Requirements for  Interaction of Tensile and Shear
Combined tensile and shear Forces
loading
  5/ 3 5/ 3
 N Sd   VSd   NUa  V 
      1.0     Ua   1.0
 Rd   Rd 
N V  N n   Vn 
• α = 2.0 if NRd and

VRd are governed by
steel failure
• α = 1.5 for all other
failure modes

ETAG and ACI Design

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ETAG and ACI Design

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Designing with Annex C or Appendix D

Designing with Annex C or Appendix D

> 2 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 3 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 4 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

γc = 1.5   0.65 Medium sensitivity to installation

1   0.55 Medium sensitivity to installation

Design Requirements for

> 6 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 Steel strength  Steel strength

> 7 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

, p    d  hef  Rk ,cr ( ucr ) N a 0    d  hef  k ,cr

Ap0, N  scr , Np  scr , Np 0

> 8 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 9 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 10 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 11 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 12 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 13 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

,c  7.2  f ck ,cube  hef1.5 Nb  kc  f c'  hef1.5

ccr , N  1.5hef Ac0, N  scr , N  scr , N ANc0  9hef2

> 14 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

cp, N  1 when ca,min > cac

> 15 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 16 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 c cr = 1.5 hef ,  c ac = 2.5 hef , undercut anchor

 minimum edge distance and  minimum edge distance

 or both according to approval

> 17 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 ucr, N  1.4  c, N  1.4

 eccentricity of the resulting tensile load  eccentrically loaded anchor

> 18 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 The projected concrete cone failure area

Ac0, N  scr , N  scr , N

> 19 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 shell spalling factor takes account of the

 eccentricity of the resulting tensile load

> 20 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

0.5 scr,N 0.5 scr,N

Ac, N  (0.5  scr, N  s1  c1 )  (0.5  scr, N  s2  c2 )

> 21 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 the influence of the actual member

> 22 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 the influence of the actual member

> 23 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

Design Requirements for

> 24 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

VSd  VRd Vua  Vn

 Steel strength  Steel strength

VRk ,s  0.5  AS  f uk Vsa  n  0.6  Ase,V  f uta

 with a levelling layer of  where anchors are used with

> 25 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

> 26 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 k  NRk, p   kcp  Nag 

> 27 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

VRk0 ,c  0.45  d nom  l f / d nom   f ck ,cube  c11.5

 The projected concrete cone failure area

Ac0,V  4.5  c12 AVco  4.5  ca21

> 28 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

 the shear resistance does not decrease  ha < 1.5 ca1 ,

 anchor groups loaded eccentrically in  anchor groups loaded eccentrically in

> 29 13‐Apr‐07, Dr. Jochen Buhler, Technical Director Asia Pacific

  ,V  1.0 for 0° < aV < 55°  factor of 2.0 for parallel to edge