Prezentul simplu

To be = a fi
Afirmativa Negativa
I am; I’m Eu sunt I am not; I’m not Eu nu sunt
You are; You’re Tu esti You are not; You’re not; You aren’t Tu nu esti
He is; He’s El este He is not; He’s not; He isn’t El nu este
She is; She’s Ea este She is not; She’s not; She isn’t Ea nu este
It is; It’s El, Ea este It is not; It’s not; It isn’t El, Ea nu este
We are; We’re Noi suntem We are not; We’re not; We aren’t Noi nu suntem
You are; You’re Voi sunteti You are not; You’re not; You aren’t Voi nu sunteti
They are; They’re Ei sunt They are not; They’re not; They aren’t Ei nu sunt

Interogativa Interogativ - negativa

Am I? Eu sunt? Am I not? Eu nu sunt?
Are you? Tu esti? Are you not? Aren’t you? Tu nu esti?
Is he? El este? Is he not? Isn’t he? El nu este?
Is she? Ea este? Is she not? Isn’t she? Ea nu este?
Is it? El, Ea este? Is it not? Isn’t it? El, Ea nu este?
Are we? Noi suntem? Are we not? Aren’t we? Noi nu suntem?
Are you? Voi sunteti? Are you not? Aren’t you? Voi nu sunteti?
Are they? Ei/Ele sunt? Are they not? Aren’t they? Ei nu sunt?

To have = a avea
Afirmativa Negativa
I have; Eu am I have not, I haven’t Eu nu am
You have Tu ai You have not, haven’t Tu nu ai
He has El are He has not, hasn’t El nu are
She has Ea are She has, hasn’t Ea nu are
It has El, Ea are It has, hasn’t El, Ea nu are
We have Noi avem We have, haven’t Noi nu avem
You have Voi aveti You have, haven’t Voi nu aveti
They have Ei/Ele au They have, haven’t Ei/Ele nu au

Interogativa
Have I? Am eu?
Have you? Ai tu?
Has he? Are el?
Has she? Are ea?
Has it? Are el?
Have we? Avem noi?
Have you? Aveti voi?
Have they? Au ei/ele?
 Have in expresii:
Have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner = a lua micul dejun….
Have a break = a lua pauza
Have a class = a avea ore
Have a cup of coffee/tea = a servi o ceasca de cafea/ceai
Have a cold = a avea o raceala
To work
Afirmativa Negativa
I work; Eu lucrez I do not, don’t work Eu nu lucrez
You work You do not, don’t work
He works He does not, doesn’t work
She works She does not, doesn’t work
It works It does not, doesn’t work
We work We do not, don’t work
You work You do not, don’t work
They work They do not, don’t work

Interogativa
Do I work? Eu lucrez?
Do you work?
Does he work?
Does she work?
Does it work ?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work?

Nota:
1. verbele care se termina in: s, ss, ch, sh, tch, o : primesc la pers. III sg – es
Ex: watch – watches; go – goes
2. verbele care se termina in: y precedat de consoane schimba “y” in “i” si la pers. III sg
devine - ies
Ex: study – studies; play – plays (e precedat de vocala)

Se foloseaste atunci cand:

- descrie actiuni obisnuite si repetitive (always, often, seldom, ever, never, sometimes,
usually):
He gets up early every day. I usually take the bus to work
- descrie evenimente sau situatii permanente:
My parents live in Italy.
- exprima adevaruri generale:
All men die. Three and five make eight.
- A povesti o intamplare, un film, un fapt:
The books tell the story of a young woman.
- Indica orare de sosire si placari:
The train for Oxford leaves a 8 o’clock. The concert begins at 9.
 Prezentul continuu

Afirmativa Negativa
I am going Eu merg I am not going Eu nu merg
You are going Tu mergi You are not (aren’t) going
He is going He is not (isn’t) going
She is going She is not (isn’t) going
It is going It is not (isn’t) going
We are going We are not (aren’t) going
You are going You are not (aren’t) going
They are going They are not (aren’t) going

Interogativa Interogativ - negativa

Am I going? Merg eu?
Are you going? Mergi tu?
Is he going?
Is she going?
Is it going?
Are we going?
Are you going?
Are they going?

Nota:
1. Cuvinte care cer prezentul continuu sunt:
Now, at the moment, today, this week, this month, this year.
2. Verbele “be” si ”have” nu se pot pune la prezentul simplu (exceptie cand e folosit in
expresii):
I have two sisters.
I am having lunch. I am having a great time today.
3. Verbela care exprima perceptii se pun la continuu cand exprima actiunea si la simplu cand
exprima calitatea.
I’m tasting the cake. It tastes good - a gusta, testa
We are smelling a rose. It smells beautifully.- a mirosi
I’m feeling the velvet. It feels soft. - a simti, pipai
4. Verbele to want, to know, to understand, to remember, to think se pun de obicei la
preentul simplu
I think you are right.

 Verbele like, love, adore urmate de alt verb primeste terminatia –ing
Exemple:

I like dancing .
I love listening the music.
I adore traveling .
 Trecutul simplu

Afirmativa Negativa
I arrived Eu am ajuns I did not (didn’t) arrive Eu nu am ajuns
You arrived Tu ai ajuns You did not (didn’t) arrive Tu nu ai ajuns
He arrived El a ajuns He did not (didn’t) arrive El nu a ajuns
She arrived Ea a ajuns She did not (didn’t) arrive Ea nu a ajuns
It arrived El, Ea a ajuns It did not (didn’t) arrive El, Ea nu a ajuns
We arrived Noi am ajuns We did not (didn’t) arrive Noi nu am ajuns
You arrived Voi ati ajuns You did not (didn’t) arrive Voi nu ati ajuns
They arrived Ei/Ele au ajuns They did not (didn’t) arrive Ei/Ele nu au ajuns

Interogativa
Did I arrive? Am ajuns eu?
Did you arrive? Ai ajuns tu?
Did he arrive? A ajuns el?
Did she arrive? A ajuns ea?
Did it arrive? A ajuns el?
Did we arrive? Am ajuns noi?
Did you arrive? Ati ajuns voi?
Did they arrive? Au ajuns ei/ele?

Trecutul continuu

Afirmativa Negativa
I was going Eu am mers I was not (wasn’t) going Eu nu am mers
You were going Tu ai mers You were not (weren’t) going Tu nu ai mers
He was going El a mers He was not (wasn’t) going El nu a mers
She was going Ea a mers She was not (wasn’t) going Ea nu a mers
It was going El, Ea a mers It was not (wasn’t) going El, Ea nu a mers
We were going Noi am mers We were not (weren’t) going Noi nu am mers
You were going Voi ati mers You were not (weren’t) going Voi nu ati mers
They were going Ei/Ele au mers They were not (weren’t) going Ei/Ele nu au mers

Interogativa
Was I going? Am mers eu?
Were you going? Ai mers tu?
Was he going? A mers el?
Was she going? A mers ea?
Was it going? A mers el?
Were we going? Am mers noi?
Were you going? Ati mers voi?
Were they going? Ati mers voi?
 Verbe modale

Verb modal Insemnatate Forma la Past Tense

Can A putea , A fi capabil sa Could = la past tense
To be able to
May A avea permisiunea Might = la past tense
To be allowed to
Must Ar trebui Nu are forma
Should Ar trebui Ar trebui
Ought to Ar trebui sa Ar trebui

1. Nu au infinitiv
can – to can
2. Verbele care sunt puse dupa ele sunt puse la infinitivul scurt fara particular “to”
I can swim. You must be there.
3. Nu primesc terminatia-s la pers III singular
He can dance. She may come.
4. Formeaza interogativul si negativul fara verbul auxiliary “do”
Can you swim? I can’t speak English.

Can Could
1. Capacitatea, abilitate de a face ceva 1. Abilitate in trecut
I can swim.Can you play the piano? I could ride a bicycle when I was a child.
Can they drive? Mary can’t speak French. 2. Intrebare politicoasa, rugaminte.
2. Rugaminte la interogativ Could I borrow your pen?
Can I borrow your book? As putea imprumuta pixul tau?
Can you open the windows? 3. Sugestie
3. Permisiune I need help with me English.
You can sit here. She can come, too! You could talk to my teacher.
4. Oferta 4. Probabilitate, certitudine
Can I help you? Where’s John?
5. Imposibilitate, interzicere He could be at the library.
You can’t be hungry; you’ve just dad lunch. Ar putea fi la biblioteca.
You can’t sit here.

May Might
1. Rugaminte sub forma de intrebare politicoasa 1. Probabilitate
May I borrow your pe? Pot imprumuta pixul tau? Where’s John? Unde este John?
2. Permisiune formala He might be at the library.
You may leave the room. Poti sa parasesti incaperea Poate sa fie la biblioteca.
3. Probabilitate > 50 %
Where’s John? He may be at the library.
Unde este John. Poate sa fie la biblioteca.

Must Have to
1. Necesitate puternica, Obligatie 1. Formeaza interog si negativul lui
I must read the book until tomorrow. “MUST”
2. Interzicere Do you have to make so much noise? Trebuie
You must not open that door. (este necesar) sa faci asa mult zgomot?
3. Cerititudine > 95 % I donn’t have to go to class today because it
Where’s John? is Sunday.
He must be at home at this hour.
Trebuie sa fie acasa la ora asta.

Should Ought to
1. O recomandare , un sfat 1. Recomandare, Conditii obiective
You should go to the dentist. Ar trebui sa mergi la I ought to finish writing the essay. I need it
dentist. tomorrow.
2. Certitudine > 90 % Ar trebui sa termin de scris eseul. Am nevoie
She should do well in her exam, because she studied de el maine.
a lot. 2. Certitudine > 90 %
Ar trebui sa faca bine la examen, deoarece a studiat She ought to do well on the test.
mult.

Substantivul (pluralul)

singular plural
Consoana -y -y -ies
Vocala -y -y -ys
Terminatia - s, ss, sh, ch, z, x, th - s, ss, sh, ch, z, x, th -es
Terminatia -f; -fe -f; -fe -es
Terminatia -o; -o -es
Terminatia -um; -um -a
Terminatia -is; -is -es
Terminatia -us; -us -i

1. Plurale regulate
Subs terminate in –y
- precedate de o consoana se transforma in – ies
Fly – flies; secretary - secretaries
- precedate de o vocala primesc terminatia – s
Boy – boys; toy – toys

Subs terminate in s, ss, sh, ch, z, x, th primesc terminatia – es

Bus – buses; class – classes; tax – taxes

Subs terminate in “f” sau “fe” primesc terminatia – ves

Wolf – wolves; knife – knives; Exceptie roof - roofs

Subs terminate in “o” primesc terminatia – es

Tomato – tomatoes; patato – potatoes; Exceptii: piano – pianos; photo - photos
 Subs terminate in “um” se transforma la plural in – a
Datum – data; memorandum - memoranda

Subs terminate in “is” se transforma la plural in – es

Basis – bases (baza); crisis – crises (criza)

Subs terminate in “us” se transforma la plural in – i

Hippopotamus – hippopotami;

2. Plurale neregulate
Man = barbat Men = barbate
Woman = femeie Women = femei
Child = copil Children = copii
Tooth = dinte Teeth = dinti
Goose = gasca Geese = gaste
Foot = picior Feet = picioare
Mouse = soricel Mice = soareci
Louse = paduche Lice = paduchi
Ox = bou Oxen = boi

3. Substantive compuse

- classroom = classrooms
- blackboard = blackboards
- school-mate = school-mates (colegi de banca)
- mother-in-low = mothers-in-low (soacra)
- man-servant = men-servants

4. Substantive defective
- au aceeasi forma si la singular si la plural
Sheep – sheep (oaie)
Deer – deer (cerb)
Aircraft – aircraft (aeronava)
- subs cu numai forma la singular se numara cu “– a piece of “
Equipment – a piece of equipment
Furniture – a piece of furniture
- subs cu forma de plural se acorda cu “ – a pair of”
Trousers – a pair of trousers (o pereche de pantaloni)
Glasses – a pair of glases

Genitivul Substantivelor

1. Genitiv sintetic (nume proprii, fiinte,tari, unitati de timp, greutate, masura,

valoare, distanta)

Se adauga –s la forma de singular si pluralul substantivelor neregulate

Posesor’ + s + obiect
 - the boy’s toy
- the children’s toy
- John’s poem
Posesori’ + obiect
- the boys’ toy
- the hands’ man
- a five minutes’ conversation
- two miles’ distance

2. Genitiv analitic

Se formeaza astfel: the + obiect + of + the + posesor

- the pages of the book
- the doors of the room
- my sister’s cousin

Particule interrogative:

Where unde
What ce / care
Who cine
When cand
Why de ce
What time la ce ora / ce ora
How cum
Which care

Formare:
Particulele + verb “to be” + subiect
Who I am ?
What time it is?
What we are doing?

Prepozitiile de loc:

Behind In spate, dupa The ball is behind the box.

Mingea este in spatele cutiei.
Between Intre, dintre The ball is between two boxes.
Mingea e intre doua cutii.
In La, in, inauntru The ball is in the box.
Mingea e in cutie.
In front of In fata cuiva, ceva, dinainte The ball is in front of the box
Mingea este in fata cutiei.
Near Langa, aproape de The ball is near the box.
 Mingea este in apropierea cutiei.
Next to Langa, alaturi de The ball is next to the box.
Mingea este langa cutie.
On Sus, deasupra The ball is on the box.
Mingea este pe cutie.
Out of In afara, afara din The ball is out of the box.
Mingea este in afara cutiei.
Over Deasupra, dincolo, de There is a ball over the box.
partea cealalta Este o minge deasupra cutiei.
Through Prin, The arrow cross through the box.
Sageata trece prin cutie.
Under Sub , dedesubt Tha ball is under the box.
Mingea este sub cutie.
Opposide Vis – a - vis

Este / Exista / Se afla - Sunt / Exista / Se afla

Singular
Forma afirmativa There is (There’s)… Este / exista
Forma negative There is not (There isn’t)… Nu este / nu exista
Forma interogativa Is there…? Este / Exista?
Forma interogativ - negativa Is not (Isn’t ) There…? Nu este / Nu exista?
Plural
Forma afirmativa There are … Sunt / exista
Forma negative There are not (There aren’t)… Nu sunt / nu exista
Forma interogativa Are there…? Sunt / Exista ?
Forma interogativ - negativa Are not (Aren’t ) There…? Nu sunt / Nu exista?

ADJECTIVE NEHOTARATE “some and any”

Some = cativa / cateva, niste (se foloseste in propozitii afirmative si interrogative sau ca
pronume)
Afirmative:
There is some water on the table. There are some magazines on my desk.
Interogative:
Do you want some coffee? May I have some sugar, please?
Pronume:
The coffee is on the table. Do you want some?
Any = cativa / cateva, niste (se foloseste in propozitii affirmative, negative si
interrogative)
Afirmative:
You can choose any book. You can come at any time.
Negative:
There isn’t any wine. There aren’t any cigarettes on my table.
Interogative:
Is there any work to do? Are there any pictures on the wall?

ADJECTIVE SI PRONUME DEMONSTRATIVE

 Singular Plural
This book These books.
Se foloseste cu here, de apropiere.
The book is here, on my desk. My friends are here, in my living room.
This is my book These are my friends.
That chair Those chairs
Se foloseste cu there, de departare.
Our friends’ dog is there. My colleagues are there, in that office.
Cainele prietenilor nostrii este acolo. Colegii mei sunt acolo, in biroul acela.
That is there dog. Acela este cainele lor Those are my colleagues. Aceia sunt colegii mei.

Comparatia adjectivelor

Gradul comparativ: adjectiv + terminatia -er

Gradul superlativ: the + adjectiv + terminatia -est

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlative

Big Bigger The biggest
Hard Harder The hardest
Happy Happier The happiest
hat Hatter The hottest

1. Adjective terminate in consoane si precedate de vocala, dubleaza consoana.

Hot – hotter – the hottest
2. Adjectivele terminate in “y” precedata de o consoana se transforma in –i, iar cele de
vocala ramane neschimbat

Adjectivele plurisilabice

Gradul comparativ: more + adjectiv

Gradul superlativ: the most + adjectiv

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlative

Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
Interesting More interesting The most interesting
Terrible More terrible The most terrible
Boring More boring The most boring
Charming More charming The most charming
As pretty as (la fel de/ tot atat de)
She is as pretty as her mother. Ea este la fel de draguta ca mama sa.
Not as pretty as (nu la fel de /nu atat de)
He is not as tall as his brother. El nu este la fel de inalt ca fratele sau.

Comparatie neregulata

Pozitiv Comparativ Superlative

Good Better The best
Bad/ill Worse The worst
Mach More The most
Many More The most
Little Less The last
Far Farther The farthest
Late Later The last
Old Older The oldest
Near Nearer The nearest/ the next

Numeralul Ordinal

the first the twelfth the twenty-first

the second the twelfth the thirtieth
the third the thirteenth the fortieth
the fourth the fourteenth the fiftieth
the fifth the fifteenth the sixtieth
the sixth the sixteenth the seventieth
the eighth the seventeenth the eigtieth
the ninth the eighteenth the ninetieth
the tenth the nineteenth the hundredth
the eleventh the twentieth the hundred and first

The first - Primul = 1st

The second – Al doilea = 2nd
The third – Al treilea = 3rd
The fourth,.. – Al patrulea,… = 4th , 5th …

Exprimarea datei in engleza

Monday, 15th May, 1980 (se citeste “the fifteenth of May”)

Monday, May 15th , 1980 (se citeste “May the fifteenth”)

Mesele zilei

breakfast Mic dejun

lunch Pranz
dinner Cina
Nu se articuleaza cu articolul hotarat “the”

Zilele saptamanii

Monday Luni
Tuesday Marti
Wednesday Miercuri
Thursday Joi
Friday Vineri
Saturday Sambata
Sunday Duminica
Nu se articuleaza cu articolul hotarat “the”
Se folosesc cu prepozitia “on”

Lunile anului

January Ianuarie
February Februarie
March Martie
April Aprilie
May Mai
June Iunie
July Iulie
August August
September Septembrie
October Octombrie
November Noiembrie
December Decembrie
Nu se articuleaza cu articolul hotarat “the” sau nehotarat
Se folosesc cu prepozitia “in”
Articolul nehotarat

A = un, o (se pune in fata substantivele care incep cu o consoana)

An = un, o (se pune in fata substantivele care incep cu o vocala)

Substantivele: hour, heir, honour primesc terminatia - an

Substantivele cere nu se numara (wine, sugar, meat, bread) si (time, weather, happiness) nu
primesc nimic.

Articolul hotarat

The (se citeste da in ptr subs care incep cu o consoana si di pentru cele care incep cu o
vocala)

- Se pune in fata subs unice: the sun, the earth

- Cand subs este precedat de o prepozitie: at the theatre, in the garden, to the cinema

Exceptii: at home, go home, in bed, go to bed

Substantivele: school, church, hospital, prison, university

- primesc the daca facem referire la activitati ce se desfasoara in ele
Mark’s mother goes to the school to talk to the teacher.
- nu primesc the daca ne referim la ele ca institutii
Mark goes to school. We go to church every Sanday morning.

ADVERBE DE FRECVENTA

Always = mereu
Every day = in fiecare zi
Usually = de obicei
Often = adesea, des
Sometimes = uneori
Occasionally = ocazional, cateodata
Seldom = rar, rareori
Rarely = rar, rareori
Never = niciodata

Folosire
Subiect + adverb de frecventa + verb
It often rains in England. In Anglia ploua adesea.

Exceptie verbul “to be”

Subiect + verb “to be” + adverb de frecventa
He isn’t often late. El nu intarzie des.

ADJECTIVE SI ADVERBE CARE EXPRIMA CANTITATEA

Enough = destul
Enough + substantive = adverb (destul)
There isn’t enough money. Nu sunt destui bani.
Adjectiv + Enough = adverb (sufficient, indeajuns)
The glass isn’t full enough. Paharul nu este indeajuns de plin.

So = asa, atat de
So + adjectv/adverb = intarire
The ticket is so expensive! Biletul este atat de scump!
The glass is so full! Paharul este asa de plin!
Se foloseste si inaintea substantivelor:
So much = atat de mult/multa ; So many = atat de multi/multe
There is so much salt in the soup. E atat de multa sare in supa asta.
There are so many people in that shop. Sunt atat de multe personae in acel magazin.

Too = prea mult

Too + adjectv/adverb = prea
This ticket is too expensive. Acest billet este prea scump.
Se foloseste si inaintea substantivelor:
Too much = pra mult/multa ; Too many = pra multi/multe
There is too much water in this glass. Este prea multa apa in acest pahar.
There are too many people in the office. Sunt prea multe personae in birou.

Adjectiv Posesiv

I my My house is big
You your Your garden is very large.
He his This is his room
She her That is her books. Her nationality is British.
It its
We our It’s our concert.
You your Your match is start in five minutes.
They their Their books are very interesting.

Pronumele Posesiv

I mine al/a/ai/ale/ The house is mine.

meu/mea/mei/mele
You yours al/a/ai/ale/ tu/ta/tai/tale The dog is yours.
He his al/a/ai/ale/ lui The dog is his.
She hers al/a/ai/ale/ ei The dog is hers.
It its al/a/ai/ale/ ei The bus has a chair. The chair
is its.
We ours al/a/ai/ale/ noastre The dog is ours.
You yours al/a/ai/ale/ lor The dog is yours.
They theirs al/a/ai/ale/ lor The dog is theirs.