CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methods used in this study. It also presents the

research design, population frame and sampling scheme, description of the

respondents, instruments used, and data gathering procedure.

Research Method

The study is a quantitative research which defines as emphasizes

objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis

of data collected through questionnaires and surveys. The researchers made use

of a descriptive method in gathering data. It involves questions concerning the

current status of the subject of the study.

Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current

status of the phenomena to describe “what exists” with the respect to variables or

conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey from which

describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship

between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes

overtime.

Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or

phenomenon being studied. It does not answer the questions about

how/when/why the characteristics occurred; rather it addresses the “what”

question. (Shields & Rangarajan, 2013)

Population Frame and Sampling Scheme

Based on the data from Alay Pag-asa Christian Foundation, as of July, the

orphanage is composed of 500 children. The researchers extracted a sample of

222 using the Slovin’s Formula.

In this research, random sampling procedure will be utilized. It is a

probability sampling technique wherein the entire population are randomly

selected and breaks down into smaller groups. The researchers used stratified

sampling to get the sample size per age and gender.

Description of Respondents

The respondents were currently living at Alay Pag-asa Christian

Foundation, Barangay Malamig, Mandaluyong City. The age of the respondents

are ranging from 8-12 years old.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use a researcher’s made questionnaire to gather the

information needed for the study. The questionnaire will be validated by an

expert of the same field.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers requested for the official total number of population of

children in Alay Pag-asa Foundation. After extracting the population through

Slovin’s formula, the researchers will use stratified sampling in determining the

sample size of students in accordance to their age and gender.

 The permission to conduct the study will be obtained from the

administration of Alay Pag-asa Foundation to administer the questionnaire to the

respondents.

The researchers will personally administer the instrument and will properly

guide the respondents. After the items will be all accomplished, the

questionnaires will be retrieved and collected. The answered questionnaires will

be analyzed using statistical treatments.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical treatment used to analyze the data for problems was shown

in the following:

1. Percentage Formula – is used to determine the percentage of the

respondents in accordance to their age, gender and courses of College of

Arts and Sciences in Rizal Technological University – Pasig Campus.

𝐟
𝐏= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐍

Whereas;

f = frequency

N = Number of Respondent

2. Mean – is used to determine the average response in the severity of

depressive symptoms.
 ∑𝑥
𝐱=
𝑛

Whereas;

∑ = the sum of all responses

N = total number of respondents

3. Pearson r – is used to measure the linear dependence between two

variables.

𝑛(∑𝑥𝑦) − (∑𝑥)(∑𝑦)
𝑟=
√[n∑𝑥 2 − (∑𝑥)2 ][𝑛∑𝑦 2 − (∑𝑦)2 ]

Whereas;

n = number of pairs of scores

∑xy = sum of the products of paired score

∑x = sum of x scores

∑y = sum of y scores

∑𝑥 2 = sum of squared x scores

∑𝑦 2 = sum of squared y scores