Java Annotations

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ava Annotations Tutorial

An annotation is a kind of meta data
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in java which can be applied at
various elements of java sourcecode Join 4000+ Happy Learners and receive
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Interview Preparation". This book will
application program can take
help you in taking your interview
advantage of these annotations; and
preparation to next stage, where you will
help analyzing the program in positive
outshine your competitors.
and constructive way. Just to
mention, we can annotate classes,
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methods, variables, parameters and
packages in java OR in one word
almost everything. It is important to
learn that the annotations applied on
d into bytecode with other class members, and using re¡ection SUBSCRIBE
meta data information to decide the appropriate action to
ing all important concepts which you should keep handy with
s wonderful feature of java language.
ava Annotations
To Other Annotations
1 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
To Java Code
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notations
Rs. 20 Rs. 109 Rs. 60
Using Re¡ection
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erview of Java Annotations

troduced as “A Metadata Facility” through JSR 175. The JSR
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he Java-TM Programming Language would allow classes,

ethods to be marked as having particular attributes”.
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data multiple times. What is this metadata in java language

about them? Let’s understand the need to metadata with an
ass which is declared as nal:
d in class declaration. And the impact of this declaration is

ass or make a child class of it. How compiler understand
‘ keyword. Right? Well, this is called metadata.
t data. Metadata adds some additional ¡ags on your actual
2 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
he class MyFinalClass), and in runtime either you or JVM

ags, can utilize this metadata information to make
sed on context.
ons to denote metadata. We can annotate classes, interface,

ven packages also. We have to utilize the metadata
these annotations in runtime usually.
ions in Java
our own but java does provide some in-built annotations too
section, we will learn about these in-build annotations and
mportant to remind that annotations are metadata and they

of sourcecode and even on other annotations as well. I will
ions which should be applied on other annotations because it
we start discussing annotations applicable on java
plied To Other Annotations

ve annotations are used inside other annotations to hint
otation should be treated by JVM. Let’s explore these 5
ow the marked annotation is stored in java runtime. Whether it

ly, embedded into the generated class le, or it will be
ection as well.
Retention;
RetentionPolicy;
3 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
hat new annotation should be included into java documents

t generator tools.
Documented;
notation {
restrict the usage of new annotation on certain java elements

methods. After specifying the targets, you will be able to use
n elements only.
ElementType;
.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,

.ANNOTATION_TYPE, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
.PACKAGE, ElementType.PARAMETER})
notation {
tion to any other annotation i.e. @MyCustomAnnotation; and

applied of any class MyParentClass then
l be available to all child classes of MyParentClass as well. It
n you try to lookup the annotation @MyCustomAnnotation on
ent classes of X unto n level are queried for
d if annotation is present at any level then result is true, else
annotations applied on parent class are not available to child
Inherited;
notation {
4 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
applied on a java element only once. But, by any requirement,

ion more than once, then use @Repeatable annotation on your
ed in latest java 8 release.
as below:
)
p() { ... }
plied To Java Code

notation which were meant to be applied on other annotations.
-built annotations which are primarily targeted towards java
t the annotated method is overridden method. It causes a

nnotated method is not found in one of the parent classes or
ry useful annotation and I will recommend to use it frequently.
5 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
hods or classes which you need to mark as deprecated. Any

s deprecated class or method, will get a compiler “warning“.
he compiler to suppress the compile time warnings speci ed in

e.g. to ignore the warnings of unused class attributes and
arnings("unused") either for a given attribute or at class level
s and unused methods.
ted options to @SuppressWarnings, please refer to speci c

n. e.g. for Eclipse refer to this complete list of values.
notation ensures that the body of the annotated method or

m potentially unsafe operations on its varargs parameter.
a method or constructor suppresses unchecked warnings
le arity (vararg) type and suppresses unchecked warnings
creation at call sites.
final T... items )
6 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
mark an interface as functional interface which are introduced

functional interfaces please follow the linked post.
tionalInterface {
tions in Java
given examples above are in-built java annotations and you
ourcecode directly. Java allows you to create your own
m annotations. You can create your own annotations for
hem as well. Let’s learn how to do create custom annotations.
m Annotations
ion, you must use the keyword “@interface“. Other important
reating custom annotations are listed below:
nes an element of the annotation type.

must not have any parameters or a throws clause.
icted to primitives, String, Class, enums, annotations, and
g types.
fault values.
otaion de nitions and their usage can be listed as:
emoAnnotation without any value
7 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
"Gupta")
"[unassigned]";
"[unimplemented]";
Annotations
dea of how annotations should be used in above examples.
detailed example which we can later use in next section where
values through re¡ection.
, I have created one annotation @JavaFileInfo, which has two

. This can be applied on java class, interface, enum OR
lues are provided to if it’s not there then also we print
ElementType;
Retention;
RetentionPolicy;
lementType.METHOD})
8 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
on, all we have to do is to annotate any class/interface of

hor name, and version of le if any.
, version = "1.0")
e annotations, right?
notations Using Reflection

ed the annotation and then used it. The main reason we are
use they are metadata. So it means we should be able to fetch
annotation information when we need it.
ection API to access annotations on any type (i.e. class or

learn how to do this with an example.
Annotation;
otatedElement;
onExample
tring[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
lassObj = DemoClass.class;
lassObj);
assObj.getMethod("getString", new Class[]{});
nOn(AnnotatedElement element)
"\n Finding annotations on " + element.getClass().getName());

tions = element.getAnnotations();
otation : annotations)
nstanceof JavaFileInfo)
fileInfo = (JavaFileInfo) annotation;

"Author :" + fileInfo.author());
"Version :" + fileInfo.version());
9 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
lang.Class
lang.reflect.Method
ations, you don’t need to de ne your sourcecode metadata

le. Now, they can directly de ne this meta-data information
used this feature wisely (as it is used in latest java
), bene ts are countless.
g from this post in some bullet points:
data which can be applied on either annotations OR other java
rectly affect program semantics, but they do affect the way

by tools and libraries, which can in turn affect the semantics
ead from source les, class les, or re¡ectively at run time.

nnotations as of today. 5 of them are meant to be applied on
and other 5 are meant to be applied on java source code
ctive sections for more details.
ypes are compiled and stored in byte code les just like
ons returned by these methods can be queried just like any
ou saw an example above.
very powerful feature i.e. Annotation. Let me know of your

nts section.
10 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
nd Tech News for FREE !!!
and receive my free ebook "5 Steps Guide for Java

This book will help you in taking your interview
ge, where you will outshine your competitors.
SUBSCRIBE
okesh Gupta
HowToDoInJava.com in late 2012. I love computers,

ming and solving problems everyday. A family guy with
nd me on Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus.
11 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
015 at 5:19 pm
aFileInfo annotaion in my code on 100 classes then I have to

hen whts the fun in annotaion?
27, 2015 at 5:22 pm
… not data. You would like to process your classes

ons.. there is difference.
5 at 12:31 am
15 at 1:27 pm
ning aboubt java metadata.
12 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
at 5:14 pm
thanks for it…but how to process the class or source
015 at 5:54 pm
5 at 3:41 pm
.thanks Lokesh…
at 6:19 pm
the article.
7:15 pm
s wonderful feature Annotation topic. I need small
13 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
en you write Jersy REST services we use @Path annotation

h should be unique . if we de ne same path twice jersey
nd throws exception . question is : is there any way to catch
14 at 7:29 pm
ompilation is very complex process and JVM does a lot of

validates business rules for any application of framework.
mpossible to validate the duplicate path annotations at
n detect them only in runtime, when class loaders have
n memory for execution.
7:01 am
ection concept and requested about its practical

ply,,,plse sir do complete operation of re¡ection.
14 at 7:30 am
ve missed your previous request. Please allow me some time

ection is on top priority.
14 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
5, 2014 at 7:30 pm
java.com/2014/06/12/real-usage-examples-of-re¡ection-
5:33 am
s article ….
& Share Feedback

be published. Required elds are marked *
ts? Please use [java] ... [/java] tags otherwise code may not
15 of 17 3/5/2016 6:07 PM
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Complete Java Annotations Tutorial - HowToDoInJava http://howtodoinjava.com/core-java/annotations/complete-java-annotation...

Interview Questions Popu lar Guides Core J ava More Topics

Annotations / Complete Java Annotations Tutorial

ava Annotations Tutorial

Rs. 249 Rs. 9 Rs. 125

Rs. 795 Rs. 10 Rs. 99

erview of Java Annotations

he Java-TM Programming Language would allow classes,

data multiple times. What is this metadata in java language

ass which is declared as nal:

d in class declaration. And the impact of this declaration is

t data. Metadata adds some additional ¡ags on your actual

he class MyFinalClass), and in runtime either you or JVM

ons to denote metadata. We can annotate classes, interface,

mportant to remind that annotations are metadata and they

plied To Other Annotations

ow the marked annotation is stored in java runtime. Whether it

hat new annotation should be included into java documents

restrict the usage of new annotation on certain java elements

.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,

tion to any other annotation i.e. @MyCustomAnnotation; and

annotations applied on parent class are not available to child

applied on a java element only once. But, by any requirement,

ed in latest java 8 release.

plied To Java Code

t the annotated method is overridden method. It causes a

hods or classes which you need to mark as deprecated. Any

he compiler to suppress the compile time warnings speci ed in

ted options to @SuppressWarnings, please refer to speci c

notation ensures that the body of the annotated method or

final T... items )

mark an interface as functional interface which are introduced

nes an element of the annotation type.

otaion de nitions and their usage can be listed as:

emoAnnotation without any value

, I have created one annotation @JavaFileInfo, which has two

on, all we have to do is to annotate any class/interface of

notations Using Reflection

ection API to access annotations on any type (i.e. class or

tring[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException

"\n Finding annotations on " + element.getClass().getName());

fileInfo = (JavaFileInfo) annotation;

ations, you don’t need to de ne your sourcecode metadata

g from this post in some bullet points:

data which can be applied on either annotations OR other java

rectly affect program semantics, but they do affect the way

ead from source les, class les, or re¡ectively at run time.

very powerful feature i.e. Annotation. Let me know of your

nd Tech News for FREE !!!

and receive my free ebook "5 Steps Guide for Java

HowToDoInJava.com in late 2012. I love computers,

aFileInfo annotaion in my code on 100 classes then I have to

27, 2015 at 5:22 pm

… not data. You would like to process your classes

ning aboubt java metadata.

thanks for it…but how to process the class or source

s wonderful feature Annotation topic. I need small

en you write Jersy REST services we use @Path annotation

ompilation is very complex process and JVM does a lot of

ection concept and requested about its practical

ve missed your previous request. Please allow me some time

& Share Feedback

JSON Formatter and Mini er

Be Informed And Stay Updated !!