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Ashwani Tyagi AIR - 3, 4, 9 (AIIMS)

AIR - 10, 14 (JEE Adv.)
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States of Matter
Lecture 2

ASHWANI TYAGI
B.Tech - IIT Roorkee
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Measurement of Pressure

Pressure of a gas trapped by a Mercury Column:

Measurement of Pressure

Pressure of a gas trapped by a Mercury Column:

Measurement of Pressure

Pressure of a gas trapped by a Mercury Column:

Measurement of Pressure

Pressure of a gas trapped by a Mercury Column:

Measurement of Pressure

Pressure of a gas trapped by a Mercury Column:

Temperature of Gases

At absolute zero

a. Molecular motion in the gas ceases

b. Pressure and volume of the gas becomes zero
c. Kinetic energy of the gas becomes zero.
Amount of Gases

Moles (n):

Mass of gas sample (m)

Moles of gas (n) =
Molecular mass of gas (M)
Gas Laws

The Gas Laws The relationships, which describe the general behaviour of
gases, are called the gas laws.

At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is

Boyle’s Laws
inversely proportional to its pressure. If the pressure is
doubled, the volume is halved
Boyle’s Laws

Demonstration of Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Law

= K (Constant) ⟶ P1V1 = P2V2

Boyle’s Law

The shape of P vs V graph (isotherm) is hyperbola

Boyle’s Law

at constant T.
Boyle’s Law

The graph of pressure and PV is straight line, parallel to the pressure axis.

PV

P or V
Example A balloon is filled with one mole of helium at 00C and 1 bar pressure at which it
bursts if the pressure is decreased to 0.2 bar. What is the maximum volume of
balloon?
Example A 10L cylinder has helium at 8 atm and 320C. How many balloons of 2L each at 2
atm and 320C can be filled with the gas available from the cylinder.
Ideal Gases
Charles Law:
Ideal Gases
Charles Law:
Ideal Gases
Charles Law:

At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional

to the Kelvin temperature of absolute temperature
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