CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In organic systems, insecticides are used as a tool of last resort, after all non-chemical
approaches have been employed. They are not intended as basis for insect management in these
systems. These often put the products at a disadvantage because they frequently work best on
immature stages of pest’s life cycle.

Growing vegetables provides fresh produce for you and your family while giving you full
control over what is used in the care and maintenance of the vegetables. Pest control is important
in vegetable gardens to keep hungry insects from feasting on the plants. However, insecticides
often contain harsh toxins that can leave chemical residue on vegetables.

Thankfully, homemade organic insecticides are safer choice and can be made from
inexpensive items that most people have in their home.

Origanum vulgare also known as oregano is a culinary medicinal plant from the mint, or
Lamiaceae family in extract chemical composition. The chemicals that give the herb its unique
and pleasant smell are thymol, pinene, limonene, carvacrol, ocimene, and caryophyllene. One
test-tube study showed that oregano essential oil helped blocked the growth of Escherichia coli,
two strains of bacteria that can cause infection. Another test-tube study found out that oregano
was effective against 23 species of bacteria including Pseudomona aeruginosa and
Staphylococcus aureus.

Menispermum crispum linn or makabuhay is a climbing dioecious vine. It is classified in

Ayurvedic medicine as a rasayana herb, meaning “circulation of the nutrient,”. It contains a bitter
principle, columbine (2.22%); traces of an alkaloid; and a glucoside. Also contains an amorphous
bitter principle, picroretine and traces of berberine. But its bitterness is glucosidal in nature.

Thankfully, homemade organic insecticides are safer choice and can be made from
inexpensive items that most people have in their home.

So, the researcher thought of a possible, cheaper and safer substitute for insecticides
which is the origanum vulagare and menispermum crispum linn as an organic insecticide.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main objective of this study is to evaluate whether the origanum vulagare and
menispermum crispum linn as an organic insecticide can be used as an insecticides.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following:

 Is there a significant difference between the commercial insecticides and the

origanum vulagare and menispermum crispum linn as an organic insecticide in
terms of:
 Efficiency
 Duration

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant difference between the commercial insecticides and the origanum
vulagare and menispermum crispum linn as an organic insecticide
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

INSECTICIDES

Origanum vulgare also known as oregano is a culinary medicinal plant from the mint, or
Lamiaceae family in extract chemical composition. The name of the herb came from the Greek
word “oros,” meaning mountain, and “ganos,” meaning joy. It typically grows around 2 feet tall
and has a purple or green leaves around 1 to 4 centimeters in length.

The chemicals that give the herb its unique and pleasant smell are thymol, pinene,
limonene, carvacrol, ocimene, and caryophyllene. One test-tube study showed that oregano
essential oil helped blocked the growth of Escherichia coli, two strains of bacteria that can cause
infection. Another test-tube study found out that oregano was effective against 23 species of
bacteria including Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Oregano extracts have documented antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and

disinfectant properties which have been attributed to phenylcarxylic acids (Dorofeev, 1989).

In laboratory studies, oregano has demonstrated stronger anti-oxidant capacity than either of the
two synthetic anti-oxidants commonly added to processed food-BHT (Butylated
Hydroxytoluene) and BHA (Butylated Bydroxyanisole).

OREGANO AS AN INSECTICIDE

Menispermum crispum linn or makabuhay is a climbing dioecious vine reaching a height

of 4 to 10 meters. Stems are up to 1 centimeter thick and somewhat fleshy, with scattered
protuberances. Leaves are thin, ovate, 7 to 12 centimeters wide, with pointed and truncate or
somewhat heart-shaped based, smooth and shining. Petioles are 3.5 to 6 centimeters long.
Racemes are solitary or in pairs arising from axils of fallen leaves, pale green, slender, 10 to 20
centimeters long. Flowers are pale green and short pedicelled. Fruit is 8 millimeters long, in long
clusters.
 It is classified in Ayurvedic medicine as a rasayana herb, meaning “circulation of the
nutrient,”. It contains a bitter principle, columbine (2.22%); traces of an alkaloid; and a
glucoside. Also contains an amorphous bitter principle, picroretine and traces of berberine. But
its bitterness is glucosidal in nature.

Proximate analysis of stem(S), and leaves(L): protein 4.7%(L) 1.2%(S), fats 1.5%(L)
0.43%(S), carbohydrates 11.8%(L) 19.4%(S), ash 2.7%(L) 1.1%(S), moisture 79.3%(L)
77.9%(S), and fiber 1.59%(L) 0.65%(S).

MAKABUHAY AS AN INSECTICIDE

MAKABUHAY AND OREGANO AS AN INSECTICIDE