DEFINATION: -

A process of lifting a load or connecting a load to source of power so that it can

be lifted and moved safely and predictably.
S.W.L: Safe Working Load
The maximum allowable working load established by the manufacturer.
SHEAVE:
A wheel with a grooved circumference over which a rope bent.
BRIDDLE SLING:
A Sling composed of multiple legs gathered together in a lifting
that goes over a hook.
GRAVITY BALL:
It is a mass of weight hanging from the lifting gear to provide a
firm balance in the process of lifting.
BALANCED:
Load equally distributed on each side of the point of support.
BREAKING STRENGTH:
The approximate point when under maximum load, the load handling device falls.
SLINGS:
It is the equipment used to tie the load to lifting hook.

FACTOR OF SAFETY:
The ratio between breaking strength to the force to be applied.
BANKS MAN:
He is a signaling person who is responsible to give hand signals to the
crane operator in the process of rigging.

TYPES OF SLINGS:
In general there are three types of slings
1. Chain sling,
2. Wire rope slings,
3. Synthetic web slings,

Sling load capacity:- Greater the angle between the slings lesser the load lifting
capacity.
NOTE: 29 CFR 1910.184 it refers slings safety .

INSPECTION OF SLINGS:-
I. CHAIN SLING INSPECTION :-
 a) Check for cracks, stretches; sever nicks, deformed master links, couplings, chains or
other components.
b) One leg of double or triple bridle sling is longer than the others should be replaced.
c) Chain size at any point of any point of any link is less than stated sling shall be
replaced.
d) Hooks have been opened more than 25% of the normal size or twisted more than
10o from the place of the un bent hook.
e) SWL should be visible [safe working load]
f) Chain slings should never be altered or modified to cut short the size by means of
knots, bolts or other make shift devices.
g) Where of edges of links must be above 1/3rd .
II. WIRE ROPE SLINGS :-
a) If any there randomly broken wires in one strand that slings should be replaced or
ten randomly broken wires in many strands that sling should be replaced.
b) Where off or scrapping of 1/3rd the original diameter of outside individual wires.
c) Kinking, crushing or any damage resulting in distention of wire rope than the sling
should be replaced.
d) End attachments that are cracked, worn or deformed.
e) Corrugation of rope or end attachments.
f) Bird caging

III. SYNTHETIC WEB SLINGS:-

a) Acid or caustic burns on the slings.
b) Melting at any part of the sling surface.
c) Snags, punctures, tares or cuts.
d) Stitching is broken or worn
e) The sling is too much stretched

NOTE: To check if a sling is stretched the manufacturer incorporate a red

ware card inside of the sling.
HAZARDS IN RIGGING :-
1) Falling Hazards
2) Hitting Hazards
3) Electrical overhead hazards
4) Atmospheric hazards.

SAFE RIGGING PRACTICES :-

1) Always adhere to manufacturer recommended SWL (Safe Working Load).
2) Barricade the entire area [Boom radius area]
3) A banks man must be available.
4) Ensure the load weight prior to lift.
5) Men should not move around or below the loads.
6) Isolate or De energize the electrical line.
7) Rigging should not be done in atmospheric conditions like snow, rain and high wind
not exceeding 25 NOTS.
8) Always adhere to the permit and complete it.
9) Regular inspection of slings should be done before each use.
10) Inspect lifting gear before each use.
11) A tag line must be used to avoid collision of load to adjacent structures.
12) Slings should never be pulled while load is resting on them.
13) Protect the sling by padding from the sharp edges of the load.

14) Slings should always be stored on higher levels like racks or should be hanged,
whenever possible keep in clean, dry, dust proof areas.
15) Never shock load slings.
16) Keep loads balanced to prevent over loading of slings and always lift loads straight
up.

TYPESOF HITCHES:-
1) Vertical hitch.
2) Basket hitch.
3) Shocker hitch.

TYPES OF CRANES:-
1) Carrier mounted cranes.
2) Crawler mounted cranes.
3) Tower cranes.
4) Overhead cranes.
5) Hydraulic cranes.
6) E.O.T Cranes. Etc.,