DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR UNDER GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- Rectangular Sump freee board 0.50m , above GL 0.3 0.25 15.10 m 0.25
1 Tank size 15.10 x 11.33 x 6.30 m
2 Tank capacity 991843.5 ltr 0.266 m
3 Angle of repose 30 Degree Saturated soil unit wt 17.00 kN/m3
4 Conrete M 25 unit weight 25000 N/m3 8 mm f bars 10 mm f bars 40 mm
scbc 8.5 N/mm 2
m 11 70 mm c/c 10 mm f bars 20 mm
5 Steel fy 500 Tensile stress 130 N/mm 2
short span
0.266
6 Nominal Cover 30 mm Water unit wt 9.81 kN/m3 top roof
7 Thickness Walls 250 mm 0.25 m 20 mm f bars 11.33 m
Top roof 150 mm 15 cm 0.15 m 150 mm c/c 12 mm f bars 150 mm
Bottom slab 300 mm 0.30 m 10 mm f bars 200 mm
8 Depth of ground water from soil 1.00 m
Height of tank above Ground level 0.30 m
Saturated depth of soil 5.30
7 Reinforcement Wall 4.89 20 mm f bars 150 mm 4.89
Long out side vertical 20 mm F 150 mm c/c 2.65 m height
Out side vertical 20 mm F 300 mm c/c upto top 0.30
in side vertical 16 mm F 100 mm c/c 2.65 m height
in side vertical 16 mm F 200 mm c/c upto top Bottom slab steel detail
Distribution 8 mm F 150 mm c/c on each face
Short out side vertical 12 mm F 150 mm c/c 2.10 m height 0.25 16 mm f bars 250 mm c/c 0.25
Out side vertical 12 mm F 300 mm c/c upto top 8 mm f bars 150 mm c/c
in side vertical 12 mm F 150 mm c/c 2.10 m height 20 mm f bars 300 mm c/c
in side vertical 12 mm F 300 mm c/c upto top 4.20 m 16 mm f bars 250 mm c/c
Out side Horizontal 16 mm F 125 mm c/c 4.69 m height 12 mm f bars 300 mm c/c
Out side Horizontal 16 mm F 250 mm c/c upto top 16 mm f bars 200 mm c/c
In side Horizontal 16 mm F 125 mm c/c 4.69 m height 12 mm f bars 300 mm c/c
In side Horizontal 16 mm F 250 mm c/c upto top 12 mm f Bars 150 mm c/c
8 Roof 16 mm f bars 125 mm c/c
Main 10 mm F 20 mm c/c 2.10 m 16 mm f bars 100 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F 70 mm c/c 16 mm f bars 125 mm c/c
8 Base Main 20 mm F 150 mm c/c at the Bottom face 20 mm f bars 150 mm c/c
Main 12 mm F 150 mm c/c at the top face 12 mm f bars 150 mm c/c
Distribution 10 mm F 200 mm c/c
0.30

long wall steel deail Short wall steel detail

Drawing not to the scale
 DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR UNDER GROUND WATER TANK
Name of work :- Rectangular Sump
Tank size 15.10 x 11.33 x 6.30 m
Tank capacity 992 cubic meter = 991843.5 ltr
Angle of repose 30 Degree Saturated soil unit wt
= 17.00 kN/m3 17000
Conrete M 25 unit weight = 25000 N/m3
Steel fy 500 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 130 N/mm2
scbc 8.5 N/mm2 m = 11
Nominal cover 30 mm unit wt. of water = 9.81 N/mm3 9810

###
Solution, general:- There are four components of design.
(I) Design of long wall (II) Design of short wall
(III) Design of roof slab (IV) Design of base slab
The design of walls will be done under two condition.
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill out side.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to saturated earth fill.
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the hole tank is to be tasted against floatation. As the L/B ratio is
greater than 2 the long wall will be designed as cantilever. The bottom one metre ( >H /4) of short walls will be designed as cantilever
while the top portion will designed as slab supported by long walls .

### Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 25

sst = 130 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2
scbc = 8.5 N/mm 2 m = 11
m*c 11 x 8.5
k= = = 0.418
m*c+sst 11 x 8.5 + 130
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.418 / 3 = 0.861
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 8.5 x 0.861 x 0.418 = 1.530

### Design of Long wall :-

(a) Tank empty with pressure satureted soil from outside.
Pa = KaY'H +YwH
1 - sin 30 1 - 0.5 0.5 1
Here, Ka = = = = = 0.333
1 + sin 30 1 + 0.5 1.5 3
Y' = 17.00 - 9.81 = 7.19 kN/m3 = 7190 N/m 3

Yw = 9.81 kN/m3 = 9810 N/m3

\ Pa = 0.333 x 7190 x 6.45 + 9810 x 5.30 = 67451.5 N/m2
6.45 6.45
Maximum B.M. at the base of wall = 15458.5 x x = 107185.3744 N-m or 107185374.375 N-mm
2 3

5.30 5.30
Maximum B.M. at the base of wall = 51993 x x = 243413.895 N-m or 243413895 N-mm
2 3
350599269.375 350599269
Required depth = = 479 mm
1.530 x 1000
Provide total depth = 479 + 30 = 250 mm so that available d = 220 mm
350599269.375
Ast = = 14245 mm 2
130 x 0.861 x 220
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 314 / 14245 = 22 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
Cutailment of reinfocrement. Since B.M. is proportional to h3, we have:
Asth h 3 Asth 1/3
= = From which h = H x
Ast H3 Ast

If Asth =1/2. Ast (i.e.half the bars being curtailed). H= H(1/2)'1/3 = 6.45 x( 0.5 )1/3 = 5.117 m
\ Height from the base = 6.45 - 5.117003 = 1.33 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 20 = 240 mm or d = 220 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 1.33 + 0.6 = 2.20 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 6.45 x( 0.25 )1/3= 4.06
\ Height from the base = 6.45 - 4.06 = 2.39 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 20 = 240 mm or d = 220 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 2.39 + 0.22 = 2.65 m from base.
250 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.2571 %
450 - 100
250 x 1000
Min = 0.257143 x = 643 mm2
100
This is < Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . O.K.
Hence the reinforcement will be provided as under,
(I) At base : 20 mm f bars @ 150 mm c/c
(II) At 2.20 m above base , up to top : 20 mm f bars @ 300 mm c/c
Distribution steel :-
250 - 100
% of distribution steel = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.257 %
450 - 100
250 x 1000
Astd = 0.257 x = 643 mm2, Area of each face = 321.5 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 322 = 156 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c on Each face,
1000 x 50.2
having, Ast = 2x = 670 mm2
150
Direct compression in long walls:- The earth pressure acting on short walls will cause compression
in long walls, because top portion of shorts walls act as slab supported on long walls
At h = 6.45 / 4 = 1.6125 or 1.61 m above the base of walls .
Pa=KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.333 x 7190 x( 6.30 - 1.61 )+ 9810 x 4.69 = 57219
This direct compression devloped on long walls and wall section. N/m2
11.33
PLC =Pa.x B/2 57219 x = 324001 N
2
This will be well taken by distribution steel and wall section
(b) Tank full with water and no earth fill out side.
P = Y x wh = 9810 x 5.80 = 56898 N/m2
HxH 5.80 x 5.80
M=p x = 56898 x = 319008.12 N-m or 319008120 N-mm
2x3 2 x 3
319008120
Ast = = 12962 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 220
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 12962 = 16 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 100 mm c/c at the in side face.
Curtailement of reinforcement:-
Asth h3 Asth 1/3
= = From which h = H x
Ast H3 Ast
If Asth =1/2. Ast (i.e.half the bars being curtailed). H= H(1/2)'1/3 = 5.80 x( 0.5 )1/3 = 4.601 m
\ Height from the base = 6.45 - 4.601336 = 1.85 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 220 mm,

whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 1.85 + 0.22 = 2.10 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 6.45 x( 0.25 )1/3= 4.06
\ Height from the base = 6.45 - 4.06 = 2.39 m However as per code requirement,
the bars are to be continued further for distance of 12 F = 12 x 16 = 192 mm or d = 220 mm,
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at 2.39 + 0.22 = 2.65 m from base.
250 - 100
Minimum, % Reinforcement = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.2571 %
450 - 100
 250 x 1000
Min = 0.257143 x = 643 mm2
100
This is < Than 0.25 % of Ast at bottom . O.K.
Hence the reinforcement will be provid as under,
(I) At base : 16 mm f bars @ 100 mm c/c
(II) At 2.10 m above base , up to top : 16 mm f bars @ 200 mm c/c

Direct tensio on long wall:- Since the top portion of short wall act as slab supported on long walls,
the water pressure acting on short walls will cause in long walls.
B 11.33
PL= P x Where p= 9810 x = 55549.13 N/m2 at 1.61 m height
2 2
11.33
\ PL = 55549 x = 314546.9203 N, As required = 314546.9 / 130 = 2420 mm2
2
Area of distribution steel provided in horizontal direction = 670 mm2
Hece distribution steel will take direct tension.
### Design of short walls :-
(a) Tank empty, with pressure of satureted soil from outside.
(I)
Top Portion . The bottom 1.61 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 4.69 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
Pa = KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h) = 0.33 x 7190 x 4.84 + 9810 x 3.69 = 11594 + 36174.375
= 47768 N/m2
PaL2 47768 x 11.58 2
Mf (at supports ) = = = 533332 N-m (causing tension out side )
12 12
PaL2 PaL2 47768 x 11.58 2 N-m (causing tension in
M ( at centre ) = - Mf = = = 266666
8 24 24 side )
d = 250 - ( 30 + 16 ) = 204 mm
533332000
At Supports, Ast = = 23369 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 204
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 23369 = 9 say =125 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 125 mm c/c at the out side face at 4.69 m below the top
At mid span, Ast = 23369 x 0.5 = 11685 mm2 minimum Ast = 11684.5 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 11685 = 17 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at inner side face
(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.61 m will bend as cantilever.
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom = 67451.5 N/m2
1 1
\ M = x 67451.5 x 1 x = 11242 N-m
2 3 (with tension at out side face)

11242 x 1000
\ Ast = = 457 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 220
Minimum steel @ 0.257 % "= 643 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 643 = 176 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 2.10 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
(III) Direct compression in short walls:-
Though the long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that end 2.10 metre
width of long wall contributes to push in short walla, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC = Pa x 2 = 47768 x 2 = 100313 N
This is quite small, and hence its effect has not been considered.
(b) Tank full with water , and no earth fill out side.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.61 m act as cantilever, while the remaining 4.69 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
 p = w (H-h) = 9810 x( 5.80 - 1.61 )= 41079.375 N/m2
PB 2
41079.38 x 11.58 2
causing tension at
Mf (at supports ) = = = 458653.361 N-m
12 12 the inside
PB2 41079.38 x 11.58 2 causing tension at
Mc (At centre) = = = 229326.681 N-m
24 24 the outside
Direct tension in short wall:- Due to water pressure on the end 1.61 metre width of long wall is
pB = w (H-h) x1 = 9810 x( 5.80 - 1.61 )x 1.0 = 41079.375 N/m2
Effective d, for horizontal steel = 204 mm
\ Distance = (x - d ) x T / 2 = 204 - 250 / 2 = 79 mm
Mf - PB.x PB
Hence net B.M. = M - PB. x \ Ast1 = Ast2 =
sst,j.d ss
At inside face (end of short walls)
Mf - PB.x 458653 x 1000 - 41079.38 x 79
Ast1 = = = 19955 mm2
sst,j.d 130 x 0.861 x 204
PB 41079.38
Ast2 = = = 316 mm2 \ total Ast = 19955 + 316 = 20271 mm2
ss 130
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 20271 = 10 say = 125 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 125 mm c/c at the inner face,
At the out side face (middle of short walls)
Mc - PB.x 229327 x 1000 - 41079.38 x 79
Ast1 = = = 9906 mm2
sst , j . d 130 x 0.861 x 204
PB 41079.38
Ast2 = = = 316 mm2 \ total Ast = 9906 + 316 = 10222 mm2
ss 130
Minimum reinforcement required = 10222 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = = 201 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 201 / 10222 = 20 say = 250 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at the outside face,

(III) Bottom portion The bottom 1.61 m will bend as cantilever.

P (at bottom) = 56898 N/m2 (stap 3)
1 1
\ M = x 56898 x 1 x = 9483 N-m
2 3 with tension at in side face
9483 x 1000
\ Ast = = 385 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 220
Minimum steel @ 0.257 % = 643 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 643 = 176 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at inside side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 2.10 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
( C) Summary of reinforcement in short walls.
(I) Horizontal reifocement at inner face:
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 16 mm f @ 125 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 125 mm c/c at inner face at, 4.69 m from top.
At top 2 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at for the top 1.61 m height.
(II) Horizontal reinfocement for outer face;
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is 16 mm f @ 125 mm c/c at the ends.
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c in the mid span
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 125 mm c/c at inner face at, 4.69 m from top.
 At top 5 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c at for the top 4.69 m height.
(III) Vertical reinforcement at inner face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at the inner face, for bottom 2.10 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
(IV) Vertical reinforcement at outer face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at the Outer face, for bottom 2.10 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
### Design of bottom slab:- If ther is no sub-soil water nominal reinforcement would required .
However, because of saturated sub-soil, there will uplift pressure on the bottom slab, of the magnitude given by.
Assuming the minimum groundwater depth keeping in grevelly soil condition from ground level as 1 m
pu = wH1 = 9810 x 5.30 = 51993 N/m2 (assuming base slab thickness = 300 mm)
Chech against flotation.; The hole tank must be check against flotation when the tank is empty.
Total upward flotation force. = Pu = pu x B x L
Pu = 51993 x 11.83 x 15.60 = 9591149 N
Total down ward force consists of weight of tank. Base slab thickness = 300 mm
Weight of walls = 0.25 x 2.00 x( 11.83 + 15.60 )x 6.30 x 25000 = 2159719 N
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.2 x 11.83 x 15.60 x 25000 = 922350 N
Weight of base slab = 0.3 x 11.83 x 15.60 x 25000 = 1383525 N
Total weight W= 4465594 N
9591149 > 4465594 upward force is more than dpown ward force

hence provide projection in slab, beyond the face of vertical walls, by an amount x m alround, so that weight of soil column supported by
projection will provide additional down war force. It is assumed that if the tank is floted, the earth would rupture on vrtical planes shown by
dotted lines. (fig ) .Most soil would tend torupture on an inclined planes, thus tendind to increase the effective down ward load from the
earth but this might be small in waterlogged non-cohesive ground.

Weight of soil supported by projection:

x = 2(L+B)x H.Ysat = 2 x( 11.83 + 15.60 )x 5.30 x 17000 = 4941985 xN
Weight of roof slab and finishing = 0.2 x 11.83 x 15.60 x 25000 = 922350 N
Weight of walls = 0.25 x 2.00 x( 11.83 + 15.60 )x 6.30 x 25000 = 2159719 N
Total "= 3082069 N
Weight of base slab=( 11.33 + 2 x 0.25 + 2 x)
( 15.10 + 2 x 0.25 + 2 x) 0.3 x 25000
=( 11.825 + 2 x)( 15.6 + 2 x) 7500 =
Assuming that S.F. = 1.10 is needed because
(I) concrete may weight less than 25000 N/m3
(II) Earth may weight les than 17000 N/m3
(III) Ground water may turn saline weight more than 9810 N/m3
Total up lift force = 1.10 x 51993 x( 11.825 + 2 x)( 15.6 + 2 x)
Equating total upward force to the total down ward force, we get
11.825 + 2 x) ( 15.6 + 2 x)= 4941985 x + 3082069 )/ 49692
4 x2+ 54.85 x + 184.47 )= 99.452 x + 62.02
4 x2 + -44.60 x + 122.45 = 0
1 x2 + -11.15 x + 30.61 = 0 hence x = 4.89
No Projection required however provide a minimum of 0.25 m
Projection is maxm both 4.89
Chech : width B1 = 11.83 +( 2 x 4.89 ) = 21.61 m
Length = 15.60 +( 2 x 4.89 ) = 25.38 m
\ Weight of soil suppoted on projection: x = 2 x( L 1 +B1)x Hysat
x = 2 x( 16.72 + 20.49 )x 4.89 x 5.30 x 17000 = 32784227 N
The Bottom slab will be design as one way slab. Cosidered one metre length
Upward water pressure Pu = 51993 N/m2
Self weight of slab : 1 x 1 x 0.3 x 25000 = 7500 N/m2
\ Net upward pressure, p = 51993 - 7500 = 44493 N/m2
Weight of wall per m. run = 0.25 x 6.30 x 1 x 25000 = 39375 N/m
weight of roof slab, transferred to each wall, per m run
= 0.20 x( 2 + 0.25 )x 1 x 25000 = 11250 N
Weight of earth projection = 17000 x 5.30 x 1 x 4.89
= 90100 x 1 x 4.89 = 440589 N/m
\ Net unbalanced force/m run = 51993 ( 14.28 x 1 )- 2 x( 39375 +
440589 + 11250 = -239968 N
\ Reaction on each wall = -239968 / 2 = -119984 N
Pa '= Ka yH +wH = 67452 N/m2 \ pa = 49854 + ### = ### N/m
Acting at = 350599.3 / ### + 0.3 = 2.1685163171 m above the bottom of base slab
B.M. at the edge of 44493 x 4.89 2
+ 440589 x 4.89 2
187635 x 2.1685 -
cantilever portion '= 2 2.00
= -4328854 N-m or -4328854000 N-mm Causing tension at bottom face
B.M. At center of span = 44493 x 14.28 2
+ 2E+05 x 2.168516 -( 39375 + -119984
2 x 2
4.25 14.28
+ 11250 )x - 440589 x 4.89 x( - 2.45 )'=
2 2
= 1134118 + 406890 "- -147388 - 1E+07
= -8426889 N-m or -8426889000 N-mm Causing tension at top face
8426889000
Required depth = = 2347 mm
1.530 x 1000
total depth = 2347 + 50 = 2400 mm so that available d= 2370 mm
Provided Depth D 2400 mm
8426889000
Ast = = 31783 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 2370
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 314 / 31783 = 10 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c at bottom Face
For top face,
8426889000
Ast = = 31783 mm2
130 x 0.861 x 2370
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = = 113 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 113 / 31783 = 4 say = 150 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 150 mm c/c
 Disrtibution reinforcement in longitudinal direction
2400 - 100
= 0.30 - 0.1 x = -0.36 %
450 - 100
Area of steel = -0.36 x 1000 x 2400 = -8571 mm2 On each face = -4286 mm2

3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = = 78.5 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / -4286 = -18 say = 200 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 200 mm c/c. on each face

### Detail of reinforcement:-

Shown in drawing
 DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR UNDER GROUND WATER TANK

Name of work :- Rectangular Sump

20 mm f @ 150 mm c/c
8 mm f @ 150 mm c/c
0.25 11.33 0.25
0.25
0.266
16 mm f @ 100 mm c/c 8 mm f @
150 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 11.33 4.20 20 mm f @ 300 6.30
16 mm f @ mm c/c 16 mm f @ 200
mm f @ mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 2.10 20 mm f @ 150
16 mm f @ 125 mm c/c 0.25 16 mm f @ 100 0.25

0.30
0.25
mm f @ mm c/c

0.25 15.10 m 0.25

10 mm f @ 40 mm c/c
8 mm f @ 70 mm c/c
10 mm f @ 20 mm c/c

0.266
12 mm f @ 300 mm c/c
16 mm f @ 500 mm c/c
mm f @ mm c/c 4.69 m
6.30 mm f @ mm c/c
16 mm f @ 125 mm c/c
12 mm f @ 150 mm c/c
16 mm f @ 125 mm c/c 1.61 m
0.25 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c 0.25

0.3

Reinforcement detail for short wall

 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table t v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permissi

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 sct.max

Shear stress tc Reiforcement %

100As 100As Value
M-20 M-20
bd bd Degree
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 1
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 1.5
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 2
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 2.5
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 3
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 3.5
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 4
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 4.5
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 5
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 5.5
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 6
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 6.5
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 7
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 7.5
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 8
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 8.5
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 9
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 9.5
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 10
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 10.5
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 11
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 11.5
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 12
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 12.5
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 13
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 13.5
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 14
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 14.5
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 15
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 15.5
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 16
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 16.5
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 17
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 17.5
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 18
0.5 0.30 18.5
0.51 0.30 19
0.52 0.30 19.5
0.53 0.30 20
0.54 0.30 20.5
0.55 0.31 21
0.56 0.31 21.5
0.57 0.31 22
0.58 0.31 22.5
0.59 0.31 23
0.6 0.32 23.5
0.61 0.32 24
0.62 0.32 24.5
0.63 0.32 25
0.64 0.32 25.5
0.65 0.33 26
0.66 0.33 26.5
0.67 0.33 27
0.68 0.33 27.5
0.69 0.33 28
0.7 0.34 28.5
0.71 0.34 29
0.72 0.34 29.5
0.73 0.34 30
0.74 0.34 30.5
0.75 0.35 31
0.76 0.35 31.5
0.77 0.35 32
0.78 0.35 32.5
0.79 0.35 33
0.8 0.35 33.5
0.81 0.35 34
0.82 0.36 34.5
0.83 0.36 35
0.84 0.36 35.5
0.85 0.36 36
0.86 0.36 36.5
0.87 0.36 37
0.88 0.37 37.5
0.89 0.37 38
0.9 0.37 38.5
0.91 0.37 39
0.92 0.37 39.5
0.93 0.37 40
0.94 0.38 40.5
0.95 0.38 41
0.96 0.38 41.5
0.97 0.38 42
0.98 0.38 42.5
0.99 0.38 43
1.00 0.39 43.5
1.01 0.39 44
1.02 0.39 44.5
1.03 0.39 45
1.04 0.39 45.5
1.05 0.39 46
1.06 0.39 46.5
1.07 0.39 47
1.08 0.4 47.5
1.09 0.4 48
1.10 0.4 48.5
1.11 0.4 49
1.12 0.4 49.5
1.13 0.4 50
1.14 0.4 50.5
1.15 0.4 51
1.16 0.41 51.5
1.17 0.41 52
1.18 0.41 52.5
1.19 0.41 53
1.20 0.41 53.5
1.21 0.41 54
1.22 0.41 54.5
1.23 0.41 55
1.24 0.41 55.5
1.25 0.42 56
1.26 0.42 56.5
1.27 0.42 57
1.28 0.42 57.5
1.29 0.42 58
1.30 0.42 58.5
1.31 0.42 59
1.32 0.42 59.5
1.33 0.43 60
1.34 0.43 60.5
1.35 0.43 61
1.36 0.43 61.5
1.37 0.43 62
1.38 0.43 62.5
1.39 0.43 63
1.40 0.43 63.5
1.41 0.44 64
1.42 0.44 64.5
1.43 0.44 65
1.44 0.44 65.5
1.45 0.44 66
1.46 0.44 66.5
1.47 0.44 67
1.48 0.44 67.5
1.49 0.44 68
1.50 0.45 68.5
1.51 0.45 69
1.52 0.45 69.5
1.53 0.45 70
1.54 0.45 70.5
1.55 0.45 71
1.56 0.45 71.5
1.57 0.45 72
1.58 0.45 72.5
1.59 0.45 73
1.60 0.45 73.5
1.61 0.45 74
1.62 0.45 74.5
1.63 0.46 75
1.64 0.46 75.5
1.65 0.46 76
1.66 0.46 76.5
1.67 0.46 77
1.68 0.46 77.5
1.69 0.46 78
1.70 0.46 78.5
1.71 0.46 79
1.72 0.46 79.5
1.73 0.46 80
1.74 0.46 80.5
1.75 0.47 81
1.76 0.47 81.5
1.77 0.47 82
1.78 0.47 82.5
1.79 0.47 83
1.80 0.47 83.5
1.81 0.47 84
1.82 0.47 84.5
1.83 0.47 85
1.84 0.47 85.5
1.85 0.47 86
1.86 0.47 86.5
1.87 0.47 87
1.88 0.48 87.5
1.89 0.48 88
1.90 0.48 88.5
1.91 0.48 89
1.92 0.48 89.5
1.93 0.48 90
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

sct.max 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4
 Value of angle
sin Degree cos tan cot
0.017 1 1.000 0.017 57.295
0.026 1.5 1.000 0.262 56.300
0.035 2 0.999 0.035 28.644
0.044 2.5 0.999 0.044 22.913
0.052 3 0.999 0.052 19.083
0.061 3.5 0.998 0.061 16.362
0.070 4 0.998 0.070 14.311
0.078 4.5 0.997 0.079 12.707
0.087 5 0.996 0.087 11.437
0.096 5.5 0.995 0.096 10.385
0.104 6 0.995 0.105 9.563
0.113 6.5 0.994 0.114 8.777
0.122 7 0.993 0.123 8.149
0.131 7.5 0.991 0.132 7.597
0.139 8 0.990 0.140 7.119
0.148 8.5 0.989 0.149 6.691
0.156 9 0.988 0.158 6.315
0.165 9.5 0.986 0.168 5.963
0.174 10 0.985 0.176 5.673
0.182 10.5 0.983 0.185 5.396
0.191 11 0.981 0.194 5.142
0.199 11.5 0.980 0.203 4.915
0.208 12 0.978 0.213 4.704
0.819 12.5 0.976 0.839 1.192
0.225 13 0.974 0.231 4.332
0.233 13.5 0.972 0.240 4.166
0.242 14 0.970 0.249 4.011
0.250 14.5 0.968 0.259 3.867
0.259 15 0.966 0.268 3.732
0.259 15.5 0.964 0.269 3.723
0.276 16 0.961 0.287 3.488
0.284 16.5 0.959 0.296 3.376
0.292 17 0.956 0.306 3.272
0.301 17.5 0.954 0.315 3.172
0.309 18 0.951 0.325 3.078
0.317 18.5 0.948 0.335 2.989
0.326 19 0.946 0.344 2.905
0.334 19.5 0.943 0.354 2.824
0.342 20 0.940 0.364 2.747
0.350 20.5 0.937 0.374 2.674
0.358 21 0.934 0.384 2.605
0.367 21.5 0.930 0.394 2.539
0.375 22 0.927 0.404 2.475
0.383 22.5 0.924 0.414 2.414
0.391 23 0.921 0.424 2.356
0.399 23.5 0.917 0.435 2.300
0.407 24 0.924 0.440 2.271
0.415 24.5 0.910 0.456 2.194
0.422 25 0.906 0.466 2.148
0.431 25.5 0.905 0.476 2.103
0.438 26 0.898 0.488 2.049
0.446 26.5 0.895 0.499 2.006
0.454 27 0.891 0.510 1.963
0.462 27.5 0.887 0.521 1.921
0.469 28 0.883 0.532 1.881
0.477 28.5 0.879 0.543 1.842
0.485 29 0.875 0.554 1.804
0.492 29.5 0.870 0.566 1.767
0.500 30 0.866 0.577 1.732
0.508 30.5 0.862 0.589 1.698
0.515 31 0.857 0.601 1.664
0.522 31.5 0.853 0.613 1.632
0.530 32 0.848 0.625 1.600
0.537 32.5 0.843 0.637 1.570
0.545 33 0.839 0.649 1.540
0.552 33.5 0.834 0.662 1.511
0.559 34 0.829 0.675 1.483
0.566 34.5 0.834 0.679 1.473
0.573 35 0.819 0.700 1.429
0.581 35.5 0.814 0.713 1.402
0.588 36 0.809 0.726 1.377
0.595 36.5 0.804 0.740 1.351
0.602 37 0.799 0.754 1.327
0.609 37.5 0.793 0.767 1.303
0.616 38 0.788 0.781 1.280
0.623 38.5 0.783 0.795 1.257
0.629 39 0.777 0.810 1.235
0.636 39.5 0.772 0.824 1.213
0.643 40 0.766 0.839 1.191
0.649 40.5 0.760 0.854 1.171
0.656 41 0.755 0.869 1.150
0.663 41.5 0.749 0.885 1.130
0.669 42 0.743 0.900 1.111
0.676 42.5 0.737 0.916 1.091
0.682 43 0.731 0.933 1.072
0.688 43.5 0.725 0.949 1.054
0.695 44 0.719 0.966 1.036
0.701 44.5 0.713 0.983 1.018
0.707 45 0.707 1.000 1.000
0.713 45.5 0.701 1.018 0.983
0.719 46 0.695 1.036 0.966
0.725 46.5 0.688 1.054 0.949
0.731 47 0.682 1.072 0.933
0.737 47.5 0.676 1.091 0.916
0.742 48 0.669 1.109 0.902
0.749 48.5 0.663 1.130 0.885
0.755 49 0.656 1.150 0.869
0.760 49.5 0.649 1.171 0.854
0.766 50 0.643 1.192 0.839
0.772 50.5 0.636 1.213 0.824
0.777 51 0.629 1.235 0.810
0.786 51.5 0.623 1.262 0.792
0.788 52 0.616 1.280 0.781
0.793 52.5 0.609 1.303 0.767
0.799 53 0.602 1.327 0.754
0.804 53.5 0.595 1.351 0.740
0.809 54 0.588 1.376 0.727
0.814 54.5 0.581 1.402 0.713
0.819 55 0.574 1.428 0.700
0.824 55.5 0.566 1.455 0.687
0.829 56 0.559 1.483 0.675
0.834 56.5 0.552 1.511 0.662
0.839 57 0.545 1.540 0.649
0.843 57.5 0.537 1.570 0.637
0.848 58 0.530 1.600 0.625
0.853 58.5 0.522 1.632 0.613
0.857 59 0.515 1.664 0.601
0.862 59.5 0.508 1.698 0.589
0.866 60 0.500 1.732 0.577
0.870 60.5 0.492 1.767 0.566
0.875 61 0.485 1.804 0.554
0.879 61.5 0.477 1.842 0.543
0.883 62 0.470 1.880 0.532
0.887 62.5 0.462 1.921 0.521
0.891 63 0.454 1.963 0.510
0.895 63.5 0.446 2.006 0.498
0.899 64 0.438 2.051 0.488
0.903 64.5 0.431 2.097 0.477
0.906 65 0.423 2.145 0.466
0.910 65.5 0.415 2.195 0.456
0.914 66 0.407 2.246 0.445
0.917 66.5 0.399 2.300 0.435
0.921 67 0.391 2.356 0.424
0.924 67.5 0.383 2.414 0.414
0.927 68 0.375 2.475 0.404
0.930 68.5 0.819 1.136 0.880
0.934 69 0.358 2.605 0.384
0.937 69.5 0.350 2.674 0.374
0.940 70 0.342 2.747 0.364
0.943 70.5 0.556 1.696 0.590
0.946 71 0.326 2.904 0.344
0.948 71.5 0.317 2.989 0.335
0.951 72 0.309 3.078 0.325
0.954 72.5 0.301 3.172 0.315
0.956 73 0.292 3.271 0.306
0.959 73.5 0.284 3.376 0.296
0.961 74 0.276 3.488 0.287
0.964 74.5 0.267 3.606 0.277
0.966 75 0.259 3.732 0.268
0.968 75.5 0.250 3.868 0.259
0.970 76 0.242 4.011 0.249
0.982 76.5 0.233 4.209 0.238
0.974 77 0.225 4.332 0.231
0.976 77.5 0.216 4.511 0.222
0.978 78 0.208 4.705 0.213
0.980 78.5 0.199 4.915 0.203
0.982 79 0.191 5.145 0.194
0.983 79.5 0.182 5.396 0.185
0.985 80 0.174 5.673 0.176
0.986 80.5 0.165 5.977 0.167
 0.988 81 0.156 6.315 0.158
0.989 81.5 0.148 6.691 0.149
0.999 82 0.139 7.178 0.139
0.991 82.5 0.131 7.597 0.132
0.993 83 0.122 8.145 0.123
0.994 83.5 0.113 8.777 0.114
0.995 84 0.105 9.517 0.105
0.995 84.5 0.096 10.389 0.096
0.996 85 0.087 11.431 0.087
0.997 85.5 0.078 12.716 0.079
0.998 86 0.070 14.302 0.070
0.998 86.5 0.061 16.362 0.061
0.999 87 0.052 19.083 0.052
0.999 87.5 0.044 22.913 0.044
0.999 88 0.035 28.637 0.035
1.000 88.5 0.026 38.299 0.026
0.9998 89 0.017 57.295 0.017
0.9999 89.5 0.009 114.931 0.009
1.000 90 0.000 1.000 0.000