NC Telecoms Curriculum PDF

TELONE CENTRE FOR LEARNING
2017
REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE
CERTIFICATE
IN
INFORMATIOM COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Course Code:
Implementation date:
CERTIFICATE IN NFORMATIOM COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PREAMBLE
The course is designed to produce a Telecommunications Assistant possessing the requisite knowledge,
skills and attitudes to satisfy the needs of the Industry and Commerce.
The minimum entry requirement to the course is five ordinary level subjects including English
Language, Mathematics and Science (excluding Biology and Human and Social Science) or equivalent.
The duration of the course is 1400 hours spread over one year including 2 months’ work-related
learning. The mode of training is full time, part time basis or block release. Assessment will be through
written and practical examinations, continuous assessment and work-related learning.
CONSULTATION YEAR
1. Econet 2017
2. NetOne 2017
3. Telecel 2017
4. Mukonitronics 2017
5. Air Force of Zimbabwe 2017
6. Zimbabwe Republic Police 2017
7. World Radio Systems 2017
8. Zimbabwe National Army 2017
9. Nokia 2017
10. Commaf 2017
11. Rorach Pvt Ltd 2017
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PART I: REGULATION
1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD
Certificate in Information Communication Technology: Telecommunications.
2. COURSE AIM
The aim of the course is to produce a Telecommunication assistant with knowledge, skills and
attitudes to satisfy the needs of Industry and Commerce.
3. COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course student should be able to:
3.1 Analyse different types of transmission media, broadband and configure modems.
3.2 install, operate and repair communication equipment.
3.3 explain, fault find and repair analogue and digital electronic circuits.
3.4 demonstrate knowledge of DC and AC circuits’ theories and apply such knowledge in
simple networks.
3.5 communicate at operational and supervisory levels.
3.6 produce and interpret communication systems block and schematic diagrams.
3.7 identify with the nation by being patriotic and participating in the national development.
3.8 set up and operate a business.
3.9 acquire and apply relevant skills as related to telecommunications engineering theory
imparted during tenure at the institution.
3.10 configure basic network settings and install local area network devices.
3.11 develop programs.
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4. COURSE STRUCTURE
SUBJECT CODE DURATION
1 Data Communications and Internet Protocols TBA 120 hours
2 Elements of Telecommunication Systems TBA 180 hours
3 Workshop Practice TBA 120 hours
4 Engineering Mathematics I TBA 180 hours
5 Electronics I TBA 180 hours
6 Electrical Engineering Technology I TBA 180 hours
7 Programming I TBA 160 hours
8 Communication, Computer Skills and Engineering TBA 120 hours

Drawing
9. Entrepreneurial Skills Development TBA 120 hours
10. National Studies TBA 80 hours
TOTAL 1440
5. COURSE DURATION
The course duration is 1400 hours plus 2 months’ work-related learning.
6. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
The minimum entry qualifications for the course are five (5) Ordinary level passes at grade C or
better including English Language, Mathematics and Science (Excluding Biology and Human
and Social Biology).
4
7. MODE OF STUDY
7.1 Full time: 1400 hours plus 2 months’ work-related learning.

7.2 Part Time or Block release students - 1400 hours plus 2 months’ work-related learning.
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8 ASSESSMENT SCHEME
EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT

SUBJECTS EXAMINATION CONTINUOUS TOTAL
WEIGHTING ASSESSMENT
70% WEIGHTING
30%
1 Data Communications and 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%
Theory • 2 Assignments
Internet Protocols examination • 2 Theory Tests
30 minutes • 2 Practical Tests
Practical
Examinations
2 Broadband Access Networks Submit marks A minimum of: 100%

• 3 Assignments
• 3 Theory Tests
• 2 Practical Tests
3 Workshop Practice 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%
• 2 Assignments
• 2 Theory Tests
4 Engineering Mathematics 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%
examination • 3 Theory Tests
30 minutes
Practical
Examination
5 Electronics 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%

examination • 3 Theory Tests
Practical
Examination
6 Electrical Engineering 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%

Technology examination • 3 Theory Tests
Practical
Examination
7 Programming 1 3-hour theory A minimum of: 100%

paper • 2 Assignments
• 2 Theory Tests
6
8 Work Related Learning Submit Log Book Field Evaluation 100%
Report
9 Communication, Computer A minimum of: 100%
Skills and Engineering • 3 Assignments
Drawing • 3 Theory Tests
10. Entrepreneurial Skills 3-hour theory A minimum of: 100%
Development • 3 Theory Tests
11. National Studies 3-hour theory A minimum of: 100%
• 3 Theory Tests
9. GRADING
Below 60% - Fail

60% - 69% - C
70% - 79% - B
80% and above - A
10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD
10.1 A candidate must attend at least 85% of the course’s learning sessions to qualify for the
final examinations.
10.2 Both continuous assessment and final examinations must be passed to aggregate in
accordance with the current stipulated weightings for both components. Therefore,
failure to pass one or both components result in deferment.
10.3 Non-submission of continuous assessment marks will result in the candidate being
deferred.
10.4 All subjects are examinable and must be passed for an award of the National Certificate
in Telecommunications Engineering.
11 RE WRITES
11.1 A candidate is considered for a re-write if he/she passes at least two thirds of the subjects
at one sitting.
11.2 Re-writes shall conform with current syllabus regulations and content.
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11.3 A candidate is given two-year time limit in which to re-write the failed subjects.
12. EXEMPTIONS
12.1 A candidate will be exempted in subjects already passed in an accredited qualification

for which a certificate has been awarded.
12.2 Exemptions should be applied for at the time of enrolment.
13. RESOURCES
13.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications
The minimum qualification for a lecturer is at least a Telecommunication Engineering

degree or equivalent. Experience in telecommunications industry is an added advantage.
13.2 Tools and Equipment
The following are the minimum equipment requirements for the course:
MICROPHONES:
1. Several carbon microphones

All equipment in (a) for dismantling and assembling as part of training in construction
and operation.
1.1 Audio generator
1.2 Audio oscilloscopes and spectrum analyser

Space components to be included in each item above
RECEIVER KITS
Loud Speakers:
2. Several loud speakers as follows:
2.1 4 ohm loud speakers
Bits and pieces of each type of loud speakers to be provided for students’ use in an effort
to make them understand the construction and operation of the equipment
Power Units
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3. 3.1 Several power meters with appropriate ranges for example 10W, 20W, 25W,
50W etc.
3.2 Several units of known loss for example filters I & II networks etc. and several
amplifiers (units) of known gain.
These items usable to demonstrate the concept of power gain singly and in
cascade; hence the need to use dB.
SIGNALS:
1. 1.1 as above, audio generators and frequency Spectrum analysers
1.2 microphones
1.3 tape recorders/playback (audio) with accessories.
2. TV Signals:
2.1 Several Band I and Band III and Band IV Signal generators.
2.2 Several oscilloscopes and freq. Spectrum analysers in Band I, III and IV.
2.3 Several TV monitoring units (colour O#).
2.4 Several TV cameras (colour).
2.5 Relative coaxial cables and aerials.
3. Telegraphy and Telephony
Several demonstration units for:
3.1 telex signals
3.2 fax telegraphy
3.3 telephony
4 Radio Waves
4.1 Signal generators in band II, FM and HF.
4.2 Oscilloscopes in Band II, FM and HF.
4.3 Spectrum analysers in Band II, FM and HF.
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4.4 Demonstration unit for propagation modes.
4.5 Field strength measuring equipment and relevant calibrating equipment.
4.6 Different types of aerials for example dipole (single and folded), Yagi, Whip, log-
periodic etc
Transmission Lines: Several demonstration kits with accessories
Radio Frequency Communication
1. 1.1 Signal generators, oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers in the HF, MF and VHF
Radio Bands.
1.2 Modulation demonstration kits for AM, FM, PcM and DSBSc, 55B, 15B, VSB
1.3 De-modulation demonstration kits as in 1.2 above
1.4 An FM, AM, PM spectrum analyser
1.5 Several high frequency pulse counters for example for FM detection.
RF Transmitters and Receivers
Several demonstration kits for AM and FM transmitters and receivers. For transmitters,
demonstration kit should be able to show
- high level transmitter

- low level transmitter
Several low to very high frequency oscillators
Several demonstration kits/units on multiplexing that is f.d.m. and t.d.m.; modulations,

de-modulation, radio receiver etc.
14.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Beasley J &Garry, M.M (2014) Modern Electronic Communication, Pearson Education Ltd,
Essex
Frenzel E.L (2016) Principles of Electronic Communication Systems 4 th Edition McGraw Hill
Education New York
10
George K. (2015) Electronic Communication Systems 5th Edition McGraw Hill Education New
Dehli
Wayne T. (2014) Advanced Electronic Communication Systems Pearson Education Ltd Essex
Gorshe S, Raghavan A, Thomas S &Gall, S (2014) Broadband Access: Wireline and

Wireless, John Wiley and Son, West Sussex
Govind P.A (2011) Fibre-Optic Communication Systems.4th Edition, John Wiley

& Sons, Indiana
Mendez A & Morse T.F (2007) Speciality Optical Fiber Handbook. Academic Press,
London
Olivero A.& Woodward B, (2014) Gabling: The Complete Guide to Copper and Fiber –
Optic Network 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Indiana
Senior J, M (2009) Optical Fiber Communication 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, London
Venghaus H (2012) Fibre Optic Communication Springer, Berlin.
PART II
SYLLABI CONTENT
COURSE STRUCTURE
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SUBJECT CODE DURATION
1 Data Communications and Internet Protocols TBA 120 hours
2 Broadband Access Networks TBA 200 hours
3 Workshop Practice TBA 120 hours
4 Engineering Mathematics TBA 160 hours
5 Electronics TBA 180 hours
6 Electrical Engineering Technology TBA 180 hours
7 Programming 1 TBA 160 hours
8 Work Related Learning TBA 2 months
9 Communication, Computer Skills and Engineering TBA 120 hours

Drawing
10. Entrepreneurial Skills Development TBA 80 hours
11. National Studies TBA 80 hours
TOTAL 1400
SUBJECT: DATA COMMUNICATION & INTERNET PROTOCOLS

SUBJECT CODE: TBA
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM
This subject will enable the student to configure basic settings and to install local area network
devices.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of the course the student should be able to:
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2.1 Outline communication principles in relation to the open systems interconnection model
2.2 Differentiate LAN logical and physical architectures
2.3 Configure IP properties on a device and install it on the LAN.
LABORATORY
2.4 Install operating systems and application programs on a computer
2. 5 Install peripheral devices and related drivers on a computer
2.6 Configure networking parameters on a computer
2.7 Configure basic settings on a switch or router
2.8 Install devices in a Local Area Network
3.0 TOPICS
3.1 DATA COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES
3.2 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
3.3 INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE & PROTOCOLS
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 DATA COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

4.1.1 Represent information using telegraph codes (Morse, ASCIL, EBCDIC)
4.1.2 Discuss different transmission modes:
- Serial and parallel.
- Synchronous and asynchronous.
4.1.3 Analyse the different types of data circuits 2-wire and 4-wire (Point to point and
switched)
4.1.4 Analyse Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) seven Layer Reference Model.
4.1.5 Discuss various transmission Media and their respective interfaces/ connectors
4.2 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
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4.2.1 Examine Local Area Network (LAN) protocols.

4.2.2 Explain the LAN terminals and Intermediary devices.
4.2.3 Discuss error detection and correction methods in Data communication
4.2.4 Analyse the various disaster recovery mechanism/techniques in Data network.
4.2.5 Explain the purpose and functions of operating systems and application software
4.3 INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE & PROTOCOLS

4.3.1 Discuss the different internet infrastructures.
4.3.2 Analyse the internet Protocol (IP) header.
4.3.3 Explain and illustrate IP addresses and subnetting
4.3.4 Analyse Transport Layer Protocols
- Transmission Control Protocols (TCP).
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
4.3.5 Describe the function of the Domain Name System.
4.3.6 Analyse the Application Layer Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, FTP, HTML, Telnet,
ICMP, URL).
4.3.7 Explain Voice Over IP (VoIP).
4.3.8 Explain the techniques used to troubleshoot common internet problems
5.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING

1 DATA COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES 30
2 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 30
3 INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE & 40
PROTOCOLS
TOTAL 100%
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6.0 REFERENCES
SUBJECT TITLE: BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORKS
SUBJECT CODE:
DURATION: 200 HOURS
1.0 AIM
The aim of the course is to equip the learners with knowledge and skills of various transmission
media used in the telecommunications industry.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
2.1 Demonstrate knowledge of safety practices

2.2 Describe different types of transmission media
2.3 Compare and contrast different types of transmission media
2.4 Describe all the broadband technologies
2.5 Configure customer modems
3.0 TOPICS
SAFETY
CO-AXIAL CABLE
2 WIRE PAIR
OPTICAL FIBRE
TWISTED PAIR
WIRELESS
BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 SAFETY
4.1.1 demonstrate safety precautions and first aid procedure.

4.1.2 demonstrate safety precautions when:
- Working with microwave equipment.
- Working with CMOS devices
4.2 CO-AXIAL CABLE
4.2.1 Describe structure of a co-axial cable
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4.2.2 Describe characteristics of a co-axial cable

4.2.3 State merits and demerits of co-axial cable
4.2.4 Carry out co-axial cable termination
4.3 OPTICAL FIBRE
4.3.1 Define optical fibre

4.3.2 Describe with the aid of a diagram the structure of optical fibre
4.3.3 Analyse the principle of operation
4.3.4 State the type and mode of optical fibres
4.3.5 Splice cable according specification
4.3.6 State applications of optical fibre
4.3.7 State merits and demerits of optical fibre
4.4 TWISTED PAIR
4.4.1 Define twisted pair

4.4.2 Describe with the aid of a diagram the structure of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
4.4.3 Analyse the principle of operation
4.4.4 Splice UTP per specification
4.4.5 State applications of UTP
4.4.6 State merits and demerits of UTP
4.5 FREE SPACE
4.5.1 Define Free Space

4.5.2 State merits and demerits of Free Space
4.6 BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES
4.6.1 Describe the following wireless access technologies:

- WiMAX
- WLAN
- Cellular
- Satellite
4.6.2 Define broadband
4.6.3 State Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies
4.6.4 Describe the principle of operation of ADSL and SHDSL
4.6.5 Illustrate with the aid of a diagram the generic ADSL and SHDSL architecture
4.6.6 State merits and demerits of ADSL and SHDSL technologies
4.6.7 Define Pone
4.6.8 State different Pone technologies
4.6.9 Describe principle of operation of GPone
4.6.10 Illustrate with the aid of a diagram GPone structure
4.6.11 State merits and demerits of GPone
4.6.12 Configure customer modems
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& Sons, Indiana
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Optic Network 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Indiana
TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING

NO.
1 SAFETY 10
2 CO-AXIAL CABLE 16
3 OPTICAL FIBRE 21
4 TWISTED PAIR 11
5 FREE SPACE 10
6 BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES 32
TOTAL 100%
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SUBJECT TITLE: WORKSHOP PRACTICE
SUBJECT CODE:
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM
1.1 The aim of the subject is to equip the student with the relevant practical skills in installing
and servicing communication equipment in a safety conscious manner.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 operate radio equipment.
2.2 install radio equip.
2.3 Carry out maintenance work.
2.4 rectify simple faults on radios
2.5 interpret electrical and radio circuits
2.6 communicate and write reports.
2.7 construct and assemble circuits.
2.8 apply safety procedures.
2.9 use basic hand tools.
3.0 TOPICS
SAFETY, HEALTH, SAFETY
MATERIALS AND TOOLS
COMPONENT TESTING
WIRING
SOLDERING
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FAULTS
MEASUREMENTS
MAINTENANCE
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
4.1.1 State human and environmental factors leading to accident

4.1.2 Identify locational hazards in the workplace
4.1.3 Inspect tools and equipment before commencing any task
4.1.4 Demonstrate use of Personal Protective Equipment and clothing
4.1.5 Identify types of fire and suitable fire extinguishers
4.1.6 State relevant First Aid procedures and treatment in case of an accident
4.2 MATERIALS AND TOOLS
4.2.1 Use basic hand tools.

4.2.2 Identify and use electronic special tools as follows:
- Soldering
- Desoldering
4.2.3 Identify the use of electronic equipment:
- Multimeters
- Oscilloscope
- Signal generator
- Hot air stations
- Frequency counters
- Wattmeter
- Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
- Copper Optical Splicer
- Dynatel
4.3 COMPONENT TESTING
4.3.1 Identify, handle and test the following components:

- Resistors
- Fuses
- Capacitors
- Transformers
- Inductors
- Relays
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- Diodes, Transistors, Thyristors

- IC (TTL and CMOS)
4.3.2 Use data blocks/ data sheets to determine pin configurations, parameters and equivalent
of components.
4.4 WIRING
4.4.1 Identify different of cables:

- Co-Axial cable
- Twisted Cable
- Optical Fibre (two pair, open wire, overhead and underground cables)
- Outdoor wire
4.4.2 Identify different types of connectors and wire them:
- Three-pin plug
- Male coaxial cable connector
- F connectors
- BNC connectors
- Amphenol connectors
- Chalk blocks
4.4.3 Identify the following types of connectors and wire them:
- LC
- ST
- FC
- MU
- RJ 45
- RJ 11
- B connectors
4.5 SOLDERING
4.5.1 Identify different types of connectors and wire them:

4.5.2 Identify different types of soldering wires.
4.5.3 Carry out tinning of soldering tip and terminals.
4.6.4 Carry out:
- Desoldering of discrete components.
- Desoldering of Intergrated Circuits.
4.6 TROUBLESHOOTING
4.6.1 Find the following faults on UTP:

- Short circuit
- Disconnection
- Earth
- Split pair
- Partial loop
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- Bunched pair
4.6.2 Demonstrate the ability to test, locate and repair the above faults.
4.6.3 Repair telephone receivers
4.7 MEASUREMENTS
4.7.1 Demonstrate the use of simple measuring equipment

4.7.2 Maintain stand-by power supplies.
EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
1. Cutting tools
2. First aid kit
3. Hacksaw
4. Hot air station
5. Insertion and exertion tools
6. Multimeters
7. Oscilloscope
8. Power/Wattmeter
9. Protective Clothes
10. Electronic tool kit
11. Signal generator
12. Soldering station
13. Spectrum analysers
14. Attenuator
15. Power supplies
16. Laser Power meter
17 OTDR
18 Dynatel
19. Ladder
20. Fire equipment


& Sons, Indiana
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Optic Network 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, nIndiana
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TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING

1 SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT 15
2 MATERIALS AND TOOLS 20
3 COMPONENT TESTING 15
4 WIRING 15
5 SOLDERING 10
6 TROUBLESHOOTING 15
7 MEASUREMENTS 10
TOTAL 100%
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SUBJECT : ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
CODE :
DURATION : 160 hours
1.0. AIM
To enable the student to identify, formulate, and solve typical electrical mathematical engineering
problems.
.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 perform basic arithmetic and algebra calculations at National Certificate standard.
2.2 illustrate the relationship of algebraic equations and associated graphs.
2.3 define trigonometric functions, describe their properties and use them in calculating some basic
electrical engineering relationships.
2.4 define the base of a number and perform basic calculations in various number systems.
2.5 apply various methods to simplify simultaneous equations.
2.6 apply complex number arithmetic to periods phenomenon.
2.7 define position and rotating vectors and illustrate their applications in electrical engineering.
2.8 define a function and its derivative and use the derivatives to find extremes and rates of change,
applying the techniques to problems in electrical engineering.
2.9 define definite and indefinite integrals and perform basic integration with applications,
determination of areas under curves.
2.10 explain motion in terms of time, displacement, velocity and acceleration in a straight line as
well as a circle and perform basic relevant calculations.
2.11 define work, power, energy and efficiency and perform relevant calculations in electrical
energy, heat energy, kinetic energy and potential energy.
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3.0. TOPICS
Geometrical Construction
Algebra
Indices and logarithms
Trigonometry and circular measure
Differential calculus
Integral calculus
Number systems
Complex numbers and vectors
Displacement, velocity and acceleration
Circular motion
Work, power, energy and efficiency
Equipment and tools
CONTENT
4.1 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION
4.1.1 - Bisect a line.

- Construct a perpendicular from a given point to a line.
- Divide a line into proportional parts.
4.1.2 - Define an angle.

- Identify the different types of angle.
- Bisect and angle.
- Construct specific angles without a protractor.
- Copy an angle.
4.1.3 - Define a circle.

- Identify parts of a circle.
- Find the centre of a given arc or circle.
- Draw a circle through any three point.
- Join straight lines with arcs.
- Join two or more arcs and circles.
4.1.4 a) Identify types of triangles.

b) Construct a triangle given
- The sides.
- Two angles and sides.
- Perpendicular height and the base.
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c) Construct the following triangle:
- Inscribed
- Circumscribed
- Escribed
4.1.5 - Define a tangent.

- Construct internal and external tangents to any two circles.
4.1.6 a) Name the regular polygons up to eight sided.
b) Construct the above polygons using common and particular methods
given:
- The length of the sides.

- Outside a given circle.
- Inside a given circle.
c) Solve problems requiring application of the above constructions.
4.1.7 a) Describe an ellipse and state its parts.
b) Construct an ellipse given major and minor axes using:
- Trammel methods
- Auxiliary circle method
- Rectangular method
- Approximate method
- Focal point method
4.2 ALGEBRA
4.2.1 Plot a graph of a linear function and determine the gradient and intercept.
4.2.2 Determine the equation of a straight line given:
- Two points on a graph.

- Gradient and one point on a line.
4.2.3 Solve algebraically simple equations.
4.2.4 Solve algebraically linear simultaneous equations up to two unknowns by:
- Elimination
- Substitution
- Graphical method
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- Determinant
- Matrix
4.2.5 Sketch curves related to:
-
-
4.2.6 Determine and classify turning points of a quadratic function from 4.1 to 4.5.
4.2.7 Solve simple quadratic equations in one unknown by:
- Factorization
- Quadratic formula
- Completing the square
- Graphical method
4.2.8 Determine the discriminant of a quadratic equation.
4.2.9 State the nature of roots of a quadratic equation.
4.2.10 State the difference between direct and inverse proportionality and solve related
problems including joint and partial variation.
4.2.11 Sketch graphs to illustrate direct and inverse proportionality.
4.2.12 State and illustrate properties of:
- Hyperbola
- Ellipse
- Circle
4.3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
4.3.1 Define indices and state the laws.
4.3.2 Evaluate and simplify expressions involving real number indices.
4.3.3 Define surds and rationalize denominators with surds.
4.3.4 Express numbers in standard form.
4.3.5 Define logarithms and state the laws of logarithms.
4.3.6 Evaluate and simplify expressions involving logarithms.
4.3.7 Define exponential functions and sketch graphs of exponential functions.
4.2.8 Define the natural number and establish it as a base for natural logarithms.
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4.3.9 Sketch the graphs of ex and e-x.
4.3.10 Solve logarithmic and exponential equations.
4.3.11 Determine experimental laws in the form:
-
- by application of straight line graphs.
4.4 TRIGONOMETRY AND CIRCULAR MEASURE
4.4.1 Define the six trigonometrical ratios of an angle.
4.4.2 Sketch graphs of sine, cosine and tangent.
4.4.3 Determine:
- Period
- Angular frequency
- Amplitude
- Phase angle of a sinusoidal function.
4.4.4 Convert radians to degrees and vice versa.
4.4.5 Apply relationships:
-
-
- θ = wt
4.4.6 Convert -axis to time-axis in waveforms leading to Y = Asin (wt ± )and determine
frequency and periodic time of waveforms and establish the relationship between
angular frequency (w), frequency (f) and period (T) of a function.
4.4.7 Determine trigonometrical ratios of any size of angle and associate them with the four
quadrants.
4.4.8 Derive and apply the fundamental trigonometrical identities:
-
-
-
4.4.9 State and apply:
- Compound angle formulae.

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- Double angle formulae.

- Factor formulae.
- T-angle formulae in proving simple identities.
4.4.10 State and apply sine and cosine formulae.
4.4.11 Solve trigonometrical equations of the form:
-
-
- + sin
4.4.12 Sine, cosine and tangent approximation for small angles.
4.4.13 Basic application of trigonometry to A. C. theory.
4.5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
At the end of the unit the student should be able to:
4.5.1 Draw a curve and show tangent and normal at a point.
4.5.2 Determine the equation of tangent and normal at a given point on a curve.
4.5.3 - Define and show that it is the gradient function of
- Apply the gradient function to obtain gradients of functions at particular points

of the function.
4.5.4 Differentiate from first principles functions with powers of x up to x3, sin x,
cos x,1n x and ex.
4.5.5 Differentiate by rule, a function of the form ___
4.5.6 Differentiate:
- Function of a function
- Product
- Quotient
4.5.7 Determine and classify stationary points of a function using first and second
derivatives.
4.5.8 Apply differentiation in rates of change of quantities in the electrical engineering

trade.
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4.6 INTEGRAL CALCULUS
4.6.1 State indefinite integrals of functions such as .
4.6.2 Integrate by substitution functions such as:
- Sin
4.6.3 Perform integration of functions leading to logarithmic expressions.
4.6.4 Determine the area under a curve.
4.6.5 Determine the mean and root mean square value of a sine wave.
4.7 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND VECTORS
4.7.1 define a complex number.
4.7.2 evaluate the powers of the imaging number up to .
4.7.3 add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers in Cartesian form (include
powers and roots).
4.7.4 represent complex numbers in cartesian form on an argand diagram.
4.7.5 interconvert between Cartesian and polar form.
4.7.6 divide, multiply, complex numbers in polar form.
4.7.7 apply complex numbers in solution of AC circuitry problems.
4.7.8 distinguish among free vector, position vector, unit vector and component vector.
4.7.9 distinguish between scalar and vector quantities giving examples.
4.7.10 add and subtract vectors by:

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- Triangular rule
- Parallelogram rule
- Polygon rule
4.7.11 determine the scalar product of two vectors.
4.7.12 construct a phasor from a sine wave.
4.7.13 determine the resultant of a number of phasors
4.8 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
4.8.1 Define:
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
4.8.2 Construct the velocity/time graphs and apply them to solve problems associated
with linear motion.
4.8.3 Apply the following equations in solving problems associated with linear motion:
4.8.4 Adapt equations in 4.8.3 for vertical motion under gravity.
4.9 CIRCULAR MOTION
4.9.1 State and apply Newton’s three Laws of motion.
30
4.9.2 Define angular velocity and constant angular acceleration.
4.9.3 Convert angular velocity to speed in revs per minute.
4.9.4 Connect frequency and period with angular velocity.
4.9.5 Relate angular motion to linear motion.
4.9.6 Apply the following equations of angular motion:
-
-
-
4.9.7 Relate torque to angular motion.
4.10 WORK, POWER, ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY
4.10.1 Define:
- Work done
- The Joule
4.10.2 Represent and determine work done on a force/distance graph for a constant and
uniformity variable force.
4.10.3 Determine work done by an oblique force.
4.10.4 Determine work done by a torque.
4.10.5 Define power.
4.10.6 Determine power required for rotation given torque and rotational speed.
4.10.7 Define efficiency in terms of:
- Power ratio
- Work ratio
4.10.8 Determine output power of a machine or system by brake pulley test.

31
4.10.9 Calculate efficiency of machine or system.
4.10.10 Define energy.
4.10.11 State and describe the relationship between energy and work done.
4.10.12 State and describe the common forms of energy:
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Heat
- Electrical
- Chemical
4.10.13 Apply the following formulae to calculate the following forms of energy:
- - kinetic energy.
- - heat gained d
- VI - electrical energy
4.10.14 State and apply the principle of conservation of energy.
4.11 EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
4.11.1 Scientific Calculator.

Mathematical Set
Ruler
Sharp pencil
TOTAL NO. TOTAL WEIGHTING%

1 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION 10
2 ALGEBRA 10
3 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 10
4 TRIGONOMETRY AND CIRCULAR 10
MEASURE
5 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 10
6 INTEGRAL CALCULUS 10
7 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND VECTORS 10
32
8 DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND 10

ACCDERATION
9 CIRCULAR MOTION 10
10 WORK, POWER, ENERGY AND 10
EFFICIENCY
TOTAL 100%
1 Bostock and Chandler - Core Course - -

Mathematics
2 Celia - Advanced - -
Mathematics (1; 2)
3 J.O. Bird - Technical - -

Mathematics 1 – 5
4 Bostock and Chandler - Further Mathematics - -
5 Tranter and Lambe - Advanced Level - -

Mathematics
33
SUBJECT TITLE : ELECTRONICS
SUBJECT CODE :
DURATION : 180 Hours
1.0. AIM
To enable the student to know and apply the fundamental principles of operation of analogue and
digital electronic systems
2.0. OBJECTIVES
2.1 select the right passive components appropriate for the particular application
2.2 explain doping and the effect of temperature and light on semiconductor materials
2.3 apply the pn junction as a rectifier diode, clipper/clamper zener regulator and opto
electronic devices
2.4 explain fault find and rectify repair BJT amplifier and switching circuits
2.5 Explain, fault find and rectify repair FET amplifier and switching circuits.
2.6 apply the operational amplifier as voltage follower, inverting, non-inverting summing
and differential amplifier integrator and comparator.
2.7 demonstrate knowledge of typical power semiconductor devices and select appropriate
components for specific control application.
2.8 demonstrate knowledge of fundamentals digital electronics
34
3.0 TOPICS
Introduction to Electronics
Passive Electronic Components
Basic Electronic Materials
The PN junction diode
The Bipolar Junction Transistor
The Field Effect Transistor
The Operational Amplifier
Power Electronics
Digital Fundamentals
CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS
4.1.1 State that Electronics is that branch of Electrical Engineering which deals with design,
manufacture, operation and application of devices that handle electrons.
4.1.2 Give examples of application of electronic devices in Telecommunication

Engineering, Power Engineering, Instrumentation and Control, Communications and
Electronic Servicing.
4.1.3 Explain the concept of systems in Electronics:
- Audio (for example, Radio Communication)

- Computer (for example, Data Communication)
4.2 PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
4.2.1 RESISTORS
- State that resistors are passive components.

- State and draw the circuit symbols for the different types of resistors used in
electronic circuits.
a) Fixed Resistors
- Carbon composition
- Wire-wound
- Metal oxide
b) Variable Resistors
35
- Linear
- Logarithmic
c) Preset Resistors
- State and explain resistor specifications.

a) Nominal value (Use the E12 series).
b) Power rating.
c) Stability
d) Tolerance
- Tabulate the resistor colour and printed code (BS1852).

- Draw circuit symbols and explain the characteristics and applications of non-
linear resistors:
a) NTC and PTC thermistors.
b) Voltage dependent resistors.
c) Light dependent resistors.
d) Magneto-dependent resistors.
4.3 CAPICITORS
4.3.1 State the different types of capacitors (polarized and non-polarised).
- Fixed Capacitors
a) Paper
b) Mica
c) Ceramic
d) Polyester
e) Electrolytic
- Variable capacitors (i.e. air capacitors).
- Preset capacitors.
4.3.2 Explain capacitor specifications:
- Nominal values (use E12 series)
- Working voltage
- Tolerance
- Types of dielectrics
36
4.3.3 Describe the capacitor colour code and use it to determine the value of a capacitor.
4.3.4 Describe the operation of the basic capacitor in DC and AC circuits (DC blocking, AC
bypass).
4.4 INDUCTORS
4.4.1 Briefly explain the concept of inductance.
4.4.2 Explain the principles of AC blocking/DC bypass as applied to the inductor.
4.4.3 State and describe the different types of inductors used:
- Air-cored.
- Iron-cored.
- Dust/ferrite cored.
- Laminated-core inductors.
4.4.4 Explain inductor specifications.
- Nominal value
- Frequency range
- Working current
4.5 BASIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
4.5.1 State the basic materials used in Electronics, for example, conductors, semiconductors
and insulators. Give examples in each case.
4.5.2 Using Bohr’s model of the atom with its constituent particles (electrons, protons and
neutrons), explain the energy band theory.
- Valence band
- Conduction band
- Forbidden gap
4.5.3 Doping.
- Doping materials used and how to create P-type and N-type
semi-conductor materials.
- Majority and minority charge carriers.
4.5.4 Describe conduction in electronic materials energy band theory.
- Intrinsic and extrinsic conduction.
- Effect of thermal agitation and lights on the conductivity of
37
semi-conductors.
4.6 THE PN JUNCTION DIODE
THE PN JUNCTION
4.6.1 Explain the formation of a PN junction.

4.6.2 Describe the formation of potential barrier and the depletion layer in an unbiased
junction.
4.6.3 Explain the effects of forward/reverse biasing a PN junction (using block symbol) on:
- Currents
- Depletion region
- Barrier potential
4.6.4 Describe the effect of minority charge carriers on blocking current (reverse bias).
4.6.5 Describe the effect temperature on both the reverse and forward currents of a diode.
4.6.6 Explain the Zener and avalanche effects.
4.6.7 Sketch typical forward and reverse-vias static characteristics of a PN diode and draw the
test circuit to obtain them.
4.6.8 Effect of temperature on the static characteristic of a diode.
4.6.9 Explain:
- Power dissipation in a diode, Pd.
- Maximum forward voltage, VF max.
- Maximum forward current, IF max.
- Peak inverse voltage, PIV.
4.6.10 Draw the equivalent circuit and characteristic of:
- An ideal diode.
- A diode when assuming a constant forward voltage drop V f.
- A diode when assuming a constant forward voltage drop and a constant forward
resistance R1.
4.6.11 Derive the equation and draw the d.c. load line for a PN junction
diode.
4.6.12 Define and show how to obtain:
- Static resistance Rd.

- AC or dynamic resistance.
4.7 APPLICATION OF THE RECTIFIER DIODE
4.7.1 Perform simple calculations and sketch the current and voltage waveforms
for diode in DC and AC circuits.
4.7.2 Demonstrate understanding of diode circuits in DC polarity protection.

38
4.7.3 Describe, with the aid of sketches, the operation of diode AC circuits:
- DC power supply block diagram.
- The half wave rectifier.
- The centre-tap full wave rectifier.
- The full-wave bridge rectifier.
- Three-phase rectifiers.
4.7.4 Draw the input and output waveforms for the rectifier circuits above, assuming
sinusoidal inputs and a purely resistive load.
4.7.5 Calculate, for the rectifier circuits in 4.11.3 above:
- The average voltage Vdc and average current Idc.

- Root-mean-square voltage Vrms and root-mean square current Irms.
- Efficiency
4.7.6 Explain the need for filters in rectifier circuits.
4.7.7 Explain the operation of:
- Capacitor filter.
- Choke filter.
- Choke-capacitor (LC) filter.
4.7.8 Define peak-to-peak ripple voltage Vrpp and the ripple factor.
4.7.9 Perform simple DC output and ripple voltage calculations assuming linear
discharge and zero charge time.
4.7.10 Explain the effect of capacitor size on diode peak currents and
peak inverse voltage.
4.7.11 Clipping and clamping circuits:
- Simple series and parallel diode clippers.
- Biased series and parallel diode clippers.
- Partial clipping.
- Biased double diode clippers.
- Positive and negative clampers.
4.7.12 Voltage Multipliers.
- Half wave and full wave voltage doublers.
- Voltage trippler.
4.8 THE ZENER DIODE
4.8.1 Explain the operation of the zener diode.

4.8.2 Draw the Zener diode characteristics to indicate the following parameters:
- IZK, IZT, IZM
- VZ
39
- Z (or ZZT)
4.8.3 Draw the equivalent circuit and characteristics of the Zener diode assuming a constant
Zener voltage and a constant reverse resistance RZ.
4.8.4 Explain the operation of the Zener diode as a voltage stabilizer.
4.8.5 Perform simple calculations on zener diode voltage stabilizer circuits.
- Varying load, fixed supply voltage.
- Varying supply voltage, fixed load.
4.8.6 Explain that the Zener voltage is temperature dependent.

4.8.7 Describe the application of the Zener diode as a clipper and perform simple calculations.
4.9 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
4.9.1 Describe the basic construction and operation of optoelectronic devices; including
characteristics:
- Photoconductive cell (Light Dependent Resistor).
- Photoconductive cell (Light Dependent Resistor)
- Solar cell.
- Light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
4.9.2 Give applications of the optoelectronic devices in 4.14.1 above.

4.9.3 Describe operation and applications of the optocoupler; the need for isolating electronic
circuits.
4.9.4 Perform simple calculations on optoelectronic devices.
4.10 THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
4.10.1 The basic principles of operation of PNP and NPN transistors.

- Understand the construction and operation of the PNP and NPN transistors
(correct bias voltages).
- Describe transistor configurations – CBC, CEO and CCC.
- Define important transistor parameters.
a) Voltage gain (amplification).
b) Current gain.
c) Power gain.
d) Input and output impedance.
40
e) Phase relation.
4.10.2 Compare transistor configurations in terms of the parameters in 4.15.3 above.

4.10.3 Define the DC amplification factors hFE ( ), and hFB ( ).
4.10.4 Derive the relationship between the two parameters in 4.15.5 above.
4.10.5 Draw and explain the static characteristics of an NPN transistor in the common emitter
mode and the circuit to obtain them. Indicate and explain cut off, saturation and active
regions.
- Determine the DC gain, hFE ( ) from the output characteristics of an NPN
transistor.
- Explain the concept of thermal runaway in transistors and its effect on (fFE).
4.11 THE TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
4.11.1 State that the large output current and voltage in a transistor circuit can be controlled by
a small input voltage; common emitter circuit with a resistive load and DC supply.
- State the bias conditions for switching the transistor on and off.
- Describe the principle of operation of transistor switching circuits incorporating
the following components:
a) Phototransistor (include construction and principles of operation).
b) Photodiode.
c) Photoconductive cell.
d) Solar cell.
e) Thermistors.
4.12 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
4.12.1 Understand the concept of small signal and power amplifiers.

4.12.2 Explain the principles of voltage and current amplification.
4.12.3 Explain the need for biasing transistor amplifier circuits; the quiescent point, Q.
4.12.4 Draw and explain the circuit diagram of a single-stage amplifier having a resistance
load, RL (CEC).
4.12.5 Show the relationship between input and output waveforms for the circuit in 4.7.4
above.
4.12.6 Describe transistor biasing methods and explain component functions:
- Fixed bias
- Self bias
- Potential-divider bias.
4.12.7 Determine bias conditions mathematically for a, b and c.

41
4.12.8 Derive the DC load line and draw it on to the output characteristics of an
amplifier (CEC).
4.12.9 Illustrate how the DC load line can be used to determine the operating point of an
amplifier.
4.12.10 Find the major BJT parameters from both characteristics and datasheet.
- PD max.
- VCE max
- IC max
- hFE
4.12.11 Draw the maximum power dissipation curve (hyperbola) on output characteristics.
4.12.12 Determine the operating region of a transistor in a given circuit.
4.12.13 Explain the function of transistor amplifier components.
4.12.14 Explain the effect of variations in the supply voltage, leakage current and load
resistance on the quiescent point, DC stabilization.
4.12.15 Graphical method for the estimation of current, voltage and power gain in a BJT
(CEC); the small signal AC amplifier.
4.12.16 Explain signal distortion in an amplifier circuit.
4.13 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
BASIC JFET OPERATION

4.13.1 State that the JFET is basically a voltage operated device.
4.13.2 State the devices’ advantages and disadvantages as compared to the BJT.
4.13.3 a) Describe, with the aid of a construction diagram, the operation of the JFET
(N channel and P channel devices).
b) Explain why thermal runaway is not a problem with FETs.
c) Sketch typical output and transfer characteristics of a JFET. Indicate the cut off,
ohmic and pinch off regions.
4.13.4 State the three FET configurations, that is, CGC, CSC, CDC.
4.13.5 Draw basic circuits to illustrate the configurations in 4.17.4 above; circuit to show
proper bias voltages.
4.13.6 Draw the circuit from which the transfer and the output characteristics of a
JFET can be obtained.
4.13.7 Define JEET parameters and determine them from output and transfer
characteristics.
- PDmax; IDSS; VDSmax; VP; Vgs(off).
- Mutual conductance gm or Yfs.
- Drain resistance rd.
42
4.13.8 State that the transfer characteristics can be approximated by the

hyperbola.
ID = IDSS = IDSS
4.13.9 State that the product rd. gm is known as the voltage amplification factor,
, of the FET, that is, = rd.gm.
4.13.10 Performs calculations on the FET using the relationship in 4.17.8 and
4.17.9 above.
4.14 BASIC MOSFET OPERATION
4.14.1 a) Understand the construction and operation of both the depletion mode
and enhancement – mode MOSFETs (P channel and N channel).
b) Find the major MOSFET parameters from both characteristics and

datasheets.
c) Draw the maximum power dissipation curve on the output
characteristics and determine the operating region of a FET in a given
circuit.
d) State that enhancement-mode MOSFETs are normally off devices whereas
depletion-mode devices are normally on.
e) Draw the circuit symbols for the four types of MOSFETs to show the
correct bias voltages.
4.14.2 Describe biasing methods for both JFETs and MOSFETs:
a) Simple bias.
b) Fixed bias.
c) Source-self bias.
d) Drain-self bias.
e) Potential divider bias.
4.14.3 Determine quiescent voltages and currents for the FET amplifier circuits
in 4.18.2 above.
4.14.4 Draw the DC load line on the output characteristics of a FET and use it to
determine the operating point, Q.
4.14.5 Explain the purpose of the input resistance R DS and the drain resistance
RDS.
4.15 THE FET AS A SWITCH
4.15.1 Draw the circuit diagram to show how the FET can be used as a switch
(CSC). Explain the operation.
43
4.15.2 Explain possible applications of the FET switch.
4.16 THE FET AS AN AMPLIFIER
4.16.1 a) Draw the circuit diagram of a simple amplifier using a JFET in the
common-source mode.
b) Explain the principle of amplification, showing the relationship

between input and output waveforms.
4.16.2 Derive the formula for the voltage gain, AV, of an amplifier in the
common-source mode, that is, AV = -gmRD.
4.17 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
INTRODUCTION TO THE IC OPRATIONAL AMPLIFIER
4.17.1 State the basic difference between discrete component circuits and
integrated circuits (ICs).
4.17.2 Define the term Operational Amplifier.
4.17.3 Draw the block symbol of an Operational Amplifier.
4.17.4 Explain that the operational amplifier is used with feedback.
4.17.5 State that the operational amplifier basically amplifies the difference
between its input signals, that is, VO = A (V 2 – V1).
4.17.6 State the ideal and practical properties of an Operational Amplifier:
- Input Resistance
- Output Resistance
- Open-Loop gain
- Bandsmith
- Offset voltage
4.17.7 Draw and explain the transfer characteristic of an Operational Amplifier.

4.17.8 Describe single-rail and dual-rail biasing techniques for the Operational
Amplifier.
44
4.17.9 Define the following terms and give mathematical formulae:
- Bias current.
- Differential Mode gain AD.
- Common-Mode gain, AC.
- Common Mode Rejection Ratio, CMRR.
- Input offset voltage.
- Output offset voltage.
4.17.10 Perform simple calculations on items b, c and d in 2.22.9 above.
4.17.11 Use the 741 IC OP AMP as an example.
4.18 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS
4.18.1 Understand the virtual earth concept.
4.18.2 Drive the expressions and perform simple calculations for the voltage gain
of an CP-AMP when connected as a:
- Voltage follower
- Inverting amplifier
- Non-inverting amplifier
- Summing amplifier
- Differential amplifier.
4.18.3 Explain the need for matching the resistances of the inverting and non-
inverting inputs of an OP-AMP.
4.18.4 State the practical applications of the amplifier circuits in 2.24.2 above.
4.18.5 Describe how the OP-AMP can be used as a comparator (the OP-AMP as
a switch).
4.18.6 State practical applications of the OP-AMP comparator.
4.18.7 Explain the need for bypass capacitors in AC Operational Amplifiers.
4.19. POWER ELECTRONICS
THE SILICON-CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)

45
4.19.1 a) Describe the construction and operation of the SCR: Use transistor-
pair analogy.
b) State the methods for triggering the SCR:
- Using the resistance in the gate circuit.

- Using a diode.
- Using a neon discharge tube.
4.19.2 Draw and explain the conduction characteristics of the SCR.
4.19.3 Thyristor ratings:
- Voltage ratings
- Current ratings
- Gate ratings
4.19.4 Describe single phase power control and burst control. Draw input and
output waveforms.
4.19.5 Perform simple calculations on the circuits in 2.25.4 above:
- Firing angle
- Average load voltage and current
- Average power
4.19.6 Discuss commutation of SCR.
- Natural
- Anode current interruption
- Forced
4.20 APPLICATIONS OF THE SCR
4.20.1 DC/AC motor speed control

4.20.2 DC over voltage protection
4.20.3 Controlled rectification
4.21 THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR (UJT)
4.21.1 Describe the construction and operation of the UJT (including the formula
46
VEP = VD + VBB).
4.21.2 Draw the typical characteristic for the UJT.
4.21.3 Applications of the UJT:
- SCR triggering
- Relaxation oscillator: sketch waveforms to show the exponential charge
and discharge of the capacitor.
4.22 THE DIAC AND TRIAC
4.22.1 Describe construction and principle of operation.
4.22.2 Draw and explain conduction characteristics.
4.22.3 Explain triggering of SCR and TRIAC by phase-shift network and DIAC.
4.22.4 Explain simple phase shift control (TRIAC).
4.22.5 Draw voltage/current waveforms.
4.22.6 Compare the performances of the SCR and the TRIAC in phase control
applications.
4.23 DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
INTRODUCTION
4.23.1 Understand the difference between analogue and digital signals.
4.23.2 Give examples of digital systems.
4.24 DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES
4.24.1 Explain the evolution of number system: base, symbols, counting sequence and
positional weights (including both integers and fractions).
- Decimal number system

- Binary number system
- Octal number system
- Hexadecimal number system
4.24.2 Show the relationships between the number systems in 2.30.1 above.
47
4.24.3 Perform simple binary operations:
- Addition/subtraction
- Multiplication/division
- Subtraction using the 1’s and 2’s compliments.
4.24.4 Codes: Defines.
- Bit, nibble, byte, wor.

- BCD and ASCII
4.25 LOGIC ELEMENTS
4.25.1 Explain, using symbols (AMERICAN) and truth tables, the operation of
logic elements.
- AND
- OR
- NOT
- NAND
- NOR
- EX-OR
- EX-NOR
4.25.2 Realize logic gates using diodes and transistors (for AND, OR and NOT
gates).
4.25.3 Compare, TTL and CMOS logic families (speed, power, fan-in, fan-out,
current and voltage).
4.26 BOOLEAN
4.26.1 Understand the relation between Boolean Mathematics and digital signals
(voltages) on wires.
4.26.2 Introduce Boolean variables, operations and expressions.
4.26.3 State Boolean laws and theorems:
- Boolean identities
- De Morgan’s theorems
4.26.4 Prove the identities and theorems in 4.32.3 above using truth tables.
48
4.26.5 Simplify Boolean expressions using the identities and theorem in 4.32.3
above.
4.26.6 Derive Boolean expressions from truth tables (Minterms only) and logic
circuits.
4.26.7 Draw the logic circuits to generate Boolean expression.
4.27 THE UNIVERSAL PROPERTY OF THE NAND/NOR GATES
4.27.1 Demonstrate that NAND or NOR gates may be used to replace any other
gate.
4.27.2 Transform a logic network to use only one type of logic gate (NAND or
NOR).
- Graphical method: replaces each gate by its NAND/NOR equivalent.

- Analytical method using De Morgen’s Theorems.
4.28 KARNAUPH MAPS
4.28.1 Construct K-maps of up to four variables from truth tables and Boolean
expressions.
4.28.2 Simplifies Boolean expressions of up to four variables using the K-map

method.
4.29 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
4.29.1 Define the term Combinational Logic.
4.29.2 Design simple combinational logic circuits.
4.29.3 Draw the timing diagram for simple logic circuits.
4.29.4 Appreciate Combinational logic application:
- Half and full decoder

- Encoders and decoders
(a) the diode matrix

(b) two-line to four-line; four-line to ten-line decoding.
49
(c) the seven-segment display
- Multiplexers and demultiplexers (Qualitative treatment using block

diagrams).
4.30 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
4.30.1 Explain the difference between combinational and sequential logic.
4.30.2 Explain the operation of Flip Flops (using NAND logic gates).
- SR FF
- D FF
- Clocked SR FF
- JK FF
- Master-slave JK FF (Block diagrams)
4.30.3 Draw truth tables and timing diagrams for the FFs in 4.36.2 above.
4.30.4 Explain interfacing of logic circuits
4.30.5 Explain the operation of the S FF as a debouncing circuit.
4.30.6 Give practical applications of sequential logic circuits above.
4.30.7 Describe circuits to drive LEDs and relays and to obtain input from
switches.
4.31 INTRODUCTION TO MICROCOMPUTERS/MICROPROCESSORS
4.31.1 Draw the labeled block diagram of the micro-computer.
4.31.2 Explain the function of each block.
4.31.3 Give examples of input and output blocks.
4.31.4 Define:
- Address bus
- Data bus
- Control bus
- Memory
50
4.31.5 Application of logic gates as memory units.
4.31.6 Types of memories:
- RAM
- ROM
- EPROM
- EEPROM (E2PROM)
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING%

1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS 3
2 PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 3
3 CAPACITORS 3
4 INDUCTORS 3
5 BASIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 3
6 THE PN JUNCTION DIODE 3
7 APPLICATION OF THE TECTIFIER DIODE 3
8 THE ZENER DIODE 3
9 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES 3
10 THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR 3
11 THE TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH 3
12 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER 3
13 THE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 3
14 BASIC MOSFET OPERATION 3
15 THE FET AS A SWITCH 3
16 THE FET AS AN AMPLIFIER 3
17 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 3
18 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 3
19 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS 3
20 POWER ELECTRONICS 3
21 APPLICATIONS OF THE SCR 4
22 THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR (UJT) 3
23 THE DIAC AND TRIAC 3
24 DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS 4
25 DIGITAL NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES 4
26 LOGIC ELEMENTS 4
27 BOOLEAN 4
51
28 THE UNIVERSAL PROPERTY OF THE NAND/NOR 2

GATES
29 KARNAUPH MAPS 2
30 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC 4
31 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC 2
32 INTRODUCTION TO 4
MICROCOMPUTERS/MICROPROCESSORS
TOTAL 100%
6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
1 Floyd (1996) Electronic Devices and Circuit Prentice Hall New Jersey
2 Floyd Digital fundamentals Prentice Hall New Jersey
3 Duncan T. (1993) Success in Electronics John Murray London
4 Green D.C. (1991) Electronics 2 Longman Essex
5 Baith Electrical Technology6 Schum Series (1989) Digital Electronics McGraw Hill, London
7 Williams Power Electronics London
8 Theraja Electronic Devices
9 Mehta Principles of Electronics
SUBJECT : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
CODE :
52
1.0 AIM
To provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of basic electrical principles.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 define basic electrical quantities and state their units.
2.2 apply DC circuit theory in simple networks.
2.3 demonstrate principles of electro-magnetic.
2.4 demonstrate knowledge of electric fields.
2.5 demonstrate knowledge of DC transients in simple RL and RC circuits.
2.6 apply single phase AC theory to solve problems involving reactive and non-reactive quantities.
2.7 demonstrate construction and operation of single-phase transformers.
2.8 develop an understanding of the basic principles of three-phase theory and measurement of
power.
2.9 illustrate the construction, operation and application of single-phase and three-phase machines.
2.10 demonstrate knowledge of the construction, operation and application of DC machines.
2.11 illustrate the construction, principles of operation and application of commonly used measuring
instruments.
3 .0 TOPICS
Fundamentals of electricity
DC circuit theory
53
Magnetic field theory

Electric field theory
DC transients
Single phase ac theory
Single phase transformers
Three-phase theory
AC machines
DC machines
Electrical measure instruments
Laboratory
Tools and equipment
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY
4.1.1 describe the structure of a basic atom.
4.1.2 define an ion.
4.1.3 define electric charge and state its units.
4.1.4 define electric current and state its units.
4.1.5 state the relationship between charge and electric current (Q = I. t.).
4.1.6 differentiate between electro-motive force (emf) and potential difference (pd) and state their
units.
4.1.7 define the terms Volt, voltage drop, Coulomb and Ampere.
4.1.8 define resistance and resistivity. State the units of each.
4.1.9 state the parameters of resistance and perform calculations.
4.1.10 define conductance as the reciprocal of resistance and state its units.
4.1.11 define temperature coefficient of resistance.
4.1.12 calculate temperature co-efficient of resistance at:
- 0 0C base
0
- C base (base temperature other than 0 0C)
54
- Using change of base values.
4.2 DC CIRCUIT THEORY
4.2.1 differentiate between series and parallel connection of resistors.
4.2.2 calculate unknown voltages, currents and resistances in series networks.
4.2.3 Calculate unknown voltages, currents and resistances in parallel and series-
parallel networks.
- Describe the loading effect of the voltage divider.
4.2.4 - Differentiate between source voltage, open circuit voltage and terminal
voltage.
- Define internal resistance of a voltage source.
- Perform calculations using V = E-IR.
4.2.5 State Ohm’s Law (that is, basic form: opposition = cause divided by effect) I=V/R.
4.2.6 Apply Ohm’s Law to electrical circuits.
4.2.7 - Differentiate between electric energy and power sating their units.
- Define:
a) The joule
b) The Watt
- Perform calculations involving electric power and electric energy

(that is, W = Q.V = I2R = V2/R = P.t.).
4.2.8 State and apply the following theorems in solving DC circuits:
- Kirchoff’s Laws (up to three branches).

- Supervision Theorem (up to three branches)
- Thevenin’s Theorem (including source conversion).
- Norton’s Theorem (including source conversion).
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem (to include solutions on batteries,
Thevenin and Norton’s equivalent circuits).
4.3 MAGNETIC FIELD THEORY
55
4.3.1 State the uses of Permanent and Electro-magnets.
4.3.2 Sketch magnetic field patterns due to an electric current in:
- A straight conductor
- Two parallel conductors
- Solenoid
- Toroid (state application)
- Use corkscrew rule, right hand grip rules.
4.3.3 Define and perform calculations on the following:
- Magneto motive force, F (mmf)

- Magnetic field strength, H.
- Magnetic flux,
- Magnetic flux density, B.
- Reluctance, (S).
- Permeability of free space, 0.
- Relative permeability, r.
- Absolute permeability, .
State units where applicable.
4.3.4 Calculate the force:
- on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

- between two parallel current-carrying conductors.
4.3.5 Define magnetic hysteresis.
4.3.6 Explain the development of the hysteresis loop and define:
- Coercive force
- Coercivity
- Remanent magnetism
- Remanance
- Saturation flux density
56
4.3.7 State that the energy loss associated with hysteresis, i.e. hysteresis loss, is proportional to the
area of the hysteresis loop.
4.3.8 Draw and describe magnetic hysteresis loops for:
- Permanent magnetic materials e.g. hard steel.

- Soft iron materials
- Ferrite materials
State uses of the above materials.
4.3.9 Define a magnetic circuit.

4.3.10 Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of a magnetic circuit. Compare magnetic and electric
circuit parameters.
4.3.11 Perform calculations on series and parallel magnetic circuits.
4.3.12 With the aid of illustrations, explain:
- Magnetic leakage
- Magnetic fringing
- Magnetic screening
State practical applications; see also 4.22.4.
4.3.13 Define magnetic leakage coefficient or factor.
4.3.14 Perform calculations in 11. incorporating leakage factor.
4.3.15 Define electro-magnetic induction.
4.3.16 State Faraday’s Laws of electro-magnetic induction.
4.3.17 Perform calculations on induced emf using:
- E=
- E = BlvSin
State that the polarity of the induced emf can be determined using:
- Lenz’s Law
- Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
4.3.18 State Lenz’s Law.

4.3.19 Perform calculations using E = - L = -N
57
4.3.20 Define:
- Self-inductance, L and state its units.

- The Henry, H.
4.3.21 Perform calculations using:
- L=
- L= =
4.3.22 Calculate energy stored in a magnetic field i.e. W = ½ L (J).
4.3.23 Define:
- Mutual inductance M and state its units.

- Henry in term of mutual inductance.
- M=K where K is the coupling coefficient.

- M= =
- M=
- =
4.3.25 Describe series-aiding and series-opposition in magnetically coupled circuits and state the dot
rule.
4.3.27 L = L1 + L2
4.3.28 M =
4.4. ELECTRIC FIELD THEORY
4.4.1 Define electrostatics.
4.4.2 Describe an electrostatic field.
4.4.3 Define electric field strength, E and state units.
4.4.4 Define capacitance, C and state units.
4.4.5 Describe capacitor action.
58
4.4.6 Perform simple calculations involving C = and Q = It.
4.4.7 Define electric flux density, D and state units.
4.4.8 Define permittivity.
4.4.9 Distinguish between o, r and .
4.4.10 Perform calculations involving D = E= and = o. r.
4.4.11 Determine the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with n-plates using:
C=
4.4.12 Perform calculations on series and parallel capacitor networks.
4.4.13 Define dielectric strength and state units.
4.4.14 Define dielectric absorption.
4.4.15 Calculate energy stored in an electric field i.e. W = ½ CV 2 = ½ QV Joules.
4.5 DC TRANSIENTS
4.5.1 Define the term ‘transient’
4.5.2 State that transients are produced by energy storing banks e.g. inductors and capacitors.
4.5.3 Describe the transient response of inductor and resistor voltages, and current in a series R-L dc
circuit at switch-on.
4.5.4 Draw the transient growth and decay curves for the R-L circuit.
4.5.5 Define time constant of an R-L circuit.
4.5.6 Calculate the time constant of an R-L circuit.
4.5.7 Perform calculations using VL = V , VR = V (1 - ) and I = I (1 - ).
4.5.8 Calculate rates of change of voltage and current and charge.
4.5.9 Describe the transient response for current decay in an R-L circuit.
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4.5.10 Perform calculations using decay equations.
4.5.11 Describe the transient response of capacitor and resistor voltages, and current in a series R-C dc
circuit at switch-on.
4.5.12 Draw the transient growth and decay curves for an R-C circuit.
4.5.13 Define time constant of an R-C circuit.
4.5.14 Calculate the time consonant of an R-C circuit.
4.5.15 Perform calculations using VC = V (1 - , VR = V , and .
4.5.16 Describe the transient response when discharging a capacitor.
4.5.17 Perform calculations using discharge equations.
4.5.18 Describe the effect of time constant on a rectangular waveform via R-C integrator and R-C
differentiator circuits.
4.6 SINGLE PHASE AC THEORY
4.6.1 Define an alternating waveform.
4.6.2 Sketch the following alternating waveforms:
- Square, rectangular
- Saw tooth, triangular
- Sinusoidal
4.6.3 Explain why the sine waveform is called the AC waveform while other waveforms are denoted
by their descriptive terms.
4.6.4 Define, for alternating quantities, the terms:
- Periodic time
- Frequency
- Peak value
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- Peak-to-peak value
- Cycle
4.6.5 Perform calculations using T = 1/f.
4.6.6 Describe the generation of a sinusoidal waveform.
4.6.7 Define the terms:
- Average value
- rms value
- Form factor
4.6.8 Perform calculations using 7. above.
4.6.9 Define the term ‘phasor’.
4.6.10 Represent sinusoidal quantities by means of phasors.
4.6.11 Perform phasor addition and subtraction using:
- Graphical method (to scale)

- Analytical method (resolving into vertical/horizontal components)
- Trigonometric identities.
4.6.12 Determine the phase relationship between voltage and current in a:
- Purely resistive network

- Purely inductive network
- Purely capacitive network
4.6.13 Define capacitive reactance, Xc and inductive reactance, XL.
4.6.14 Define the term ‘phase angle’.
4.6.15 Draw phasor diagrams for R-L, R-C and R-L-C series circuits.
4.6.16 Determine the impedance, current and phase angle of each of circuits in 15 above. State units of
Z.
4.6.17 Perform calculations using Pythagoras’ Theorem, trig-ratios and Z = V/I.

61
4.6.18 Define ‘resonance’ in series circuits.
4.6.19 Sketch, on the same axes, variation of XL, XC, R, Z, VR and I against frequency.
4.6.20 Calculate resonant frequency.
4.6.21 Define Q-factor and state its significance (i.e. selectivity).
4.6.22 Calculate Q-factor of a series network.
4.6.23 Draw the phasor diagrams for R-L, R-C and R-L-C parallel circuits.
4.6.24 Determine the impedance, currents and circuit phase angle from the phasor diagrams.
4.6.25 Define ‘resource’ in parallel circuits.
4.6.26 Calculate resonant frequency.
4.6.27 Define dynamic impedance.
4.6.28 Calculate dynamic impedance.
4.6.29 Define the Q-factor of a parallel circuit.
4.6.30 Calculate the Q-factor of a parallel circuit.
4.6.31 Define True Power P; Apparent Power S; Reactive Power Q and Power factor.
4.6.32 Draw the power triangle for the:
- R-L circuit
- R-C circuit
- R-L-C circuit
4.6.33 Calculate true power, apparent power, and reactive power factor.
4.6.34 Explain power factor correction.
4.6.35 Perform calculations involving power factor correction (use of static capacitors only).
4.7 SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
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4.7.1 State the essential features of construction of power transformers.
4.7.2 Explain the principle of operation of an ideal transformer and use the relationship.
Ep/Es = Np/Ns = Is/Ip = Vp/Vs.
4.7.3 Draw and explain the no-load phasor diagram of a transformer.
4.7.4 Identify transformer losses and state how they can be minimized.
4.7.5 Draw and explain the following types of transformer windings and core construction:
- Core type
- Shell type
- Concentric winding
- Sandwich winding
- Toroidal core
4.7.6 Describe open circuit and short circuit tests on transformers.
4.7.7 Perform calculations on transformer efficiency and voltage regulations.
4.7.8 Perform simple calculations involving no-load power and power factor, i.e. no-load phasor
diagram (see 4.119).
4.7.9 Describe the principle of operation of the auto-transformer and the current transformer.
4.7.10 Compare the auto-transformer and the double-wound transformer.
4.8 THREE-PHASE THEORY
4.8.1 State the advantages and disadvantages of three-phase power supply.
4.8.2 Describe the generation of three-phase voltages and currents.
4.8.3 Draw the three-phase waveform and explain that the quantities are displaced by 120 0 electrical
from each other.
4.8.4 State the relationship between line and phase values of a three-phase network as:
- For Delta connection, VL = Vp and IL = Ip.
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- For Star connection, IL = Ip and V L = Vp.
4.8.5 Draw phasor diagrams to show the symmetrical and balanced nature of three-phase voltages.
4.8.6 Show, by phasor diagrams, analytically or trigonometrically, that the sum of line or phase
currents in a balanced three-phase system is zero.
4.8.7 Calculate neutral current in a simple balanced and unbalanced three-phase

system.
Calculate line and/phase currents in Delta and Star three-phase circuits.
4.8.8 Describe the measurement of power using:
- One wattmeter method
- Two wattmeter method
- Three wattmeter method
4.9 AC MACHINES
4.9.1 Draw diagrams of, describe the construction and operation of, and state the applications of the:
- Universal motor/single-phase series motor.

- Shaded-pole motor.
- Single-phase synchronous motor.
- Split-phase motor.
- Capacitor start-capacitor run motor/capacitor motor.
- Repulsion motor.
- Servo motor.
- Multi-speed motor.
4.9.2 Explain methods of reversal of the single-phase motors in 4.135.
4.9.3 Draw diagrams and explain how the speed of a single-phase motor can be varied using
thyristors/ TRIAC’s.
4.9.4 Describe the construction of the stator and rotor of a three-phase machine.
4.9.5 Explain, with sketches, how a rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator. (see also 4.134.2
and 4.134.3).
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4.9.6 Describe how torque is developed on the shaft of an induction motor.
4.9.7 Define synchronous speed, rotor speed and slip.
4.9.8 Perform calculations on synchronous speed, rotor speed, slip and efficiency. (Calculations here
to suit level of students).
4.9.9 State the difference between a three-phase cage rotor and three-phase wound rotor induction
motors.
4.9.10 Explain, with sketches, the construction and operation of three-phase synchronous motor.
4.9.11 State applications of cage rotor motor, three-phase wound rotor motor and the three-phase
synchronous motor.
4.9.12 Describe copper and iron losses and relate these to efficiency.
4.9.13 Distinguish between total torque developed and shaft torque.
4.10 DC MACHINES
4.10.1 Draw a diagram to show the main features of a DC machine (general construction).
4.10.2 Draw circuit diagrams of series, shunt, separately excited and compound motors.
4.10.3 Describe Lap and Wave winding of DC machines.
4.10.4 State the emf, the power and torque equations of DC motors in 4.149.
4.10.5 Explain commutation related to correct adjustment of brush position and state methods of
achieving good commutation.
4.10.6 Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the load characteristics of DC motors in 4.149. (Students
expected to draw speed-torque and torque-current).
4.10.7 State the applications of DC motors in 4.149.
4.10.8 Describe speed variation and reversal of direction of DC motors (to include basic electronic
speed control).
4.10.9 Describe speed variation and reversal of direction of DC motors (to include basic electronic
speed control).
65
4.10.11 E = V + Ia Ra
4.10.12 E = V – IaRa
4.10.13 E=
4.10.14 Define armature reaction.
4.10.15 State the effects of armature reaction.
4.10.16 Explain the methods of minimizing armature reaction.
4.10.17 Describe methods of starting DC motors for example Faceplate starter.
4.10.18 State the losses of DC motors.
4.11 ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
4.11.1 Describe the construction, principle of operation and application of the following
instruments:
- Moving Coil
- Moving iron
- Thermocouple
- Watt meter
- Energy meter
- Wheatstone bridge
- Digital voltmeter (simple block diagram)
4.11.2 State advantages and disadvantages of moving coil and moving iron instruments.
4.11.3 Compare the digital and analogue instruments.
4.11.4 Define sensitivity of an instrument.

4.11.5 Explain the following common errors in measuring instruments that is errors due to:
- Limitations of the instrument.
- The Operator
- The instrument disturbing the circuit.
66
4.11.6 Explain the methods of extending the range of instruments in 4.163.1 and 4.163.2.
4.11.7 Perform calculations in extending the range of instruments.
4.12 LABORATORY
4.12.1 Use measuring instruments i.e. DMM, CRO, OHMMETER, VOLTMETER,

AMPMETER.
4.12.2 Measure/verify voltage drops in series and parallel-connected resistors.
4.12.3 Verify:
- Ohm’s Law
- Kirchhoff’s Laws
- Superposition Theorem
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
4.12.4 Map field patterns around permanent magnets and electro magnets.
4.12.5 Plot curves for capacitor charging and discharging.
4.12.6 Demonstrate the effect of time constant on integrators and differentiator RC circuits.
4.12.7 Show the variation of reactance with frequency and determine resonant frequency.
4.12.8 Measure power in three phase systems using:

- One wattmeter
- Two wattmeters
- Three wattmeters
4.12.9 Determine transformer efficiency from open and short tests.
4.12.10 Demonstrate secondary cell charging.

- Determine battery efficiency.
- Connect cells in series and parallel.
4.12.11 Overhaul and assemble:
- Elementary AC and DC generators.

- DC motor with and without interpoles.
- Single phase motors.
- Three phase induction motor.
67
- Three phase synchronous motor.

- Motor generator set.
4.12.12 Plot torque-current curves for motors.
4.12.13 Plot speed-current curves for machines.
4.13 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
4.13.1 Trainer Kits (Motors and Generators).
4.13.2 Battery Chargers.
4.13.3 Rheostats.
4.13.4 Power Supplies (Variable: both AC and DC).
4.13.5 Measuring and testing instruments (ampmeters, voltmeters, ohmmeters, DMM,

CRO) etc.
4.13.6 Vero-boards.
4.13.7 Simulation software.
4.13.8 Drives (AC) and DC

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF 5
ELECTRICITY
2 DC CIRCUIT THEORY 10
3 MAGNETIC FIELD 10
THEORY
4 ELECTRIC FIELD THEORY 10
5 DC TRANSIENTS 5
6 SINGLE PHASE AC 10
THEORY
7 SINGLE-PHASE 5
TRANSFORMERS
68
8 THREE-PHASE THEORY 5
9 AC MACHINES 15
10 DC MACHINES 10
11 ELECTRICAL MEASURE 5
INSTRUMENTS
12 LABORATORY 10
TOTAL 100%
6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
1 J.O. Bird (1997) Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology Butterworth Heinneman xford
2 Ashfaq Hussan Electrical Engineering Principles Butterworth Heinmann Oxford
3 S.A. Knight (1994) Electrical and Electronic Principles 2
4 Mackenzie Smith & Hosie Basic Electrical Engineering Science
5 Phillips and Waterworth Electrical Principles for Technicians (Vol 1 & 2)
6 Nooger, Van Valkeriburgh and NeidleBasic Electricity Part 1 to 5 3 rd Edition
7 M. Neidle Electrical Equipment and Technology
8 Boylestad Introduction to Circuit Analysis
SUBJECT : PROGRAMMING 1
CODE :
1.0 AIM
To provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of basic programming skills.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
2.1 explain the systems approach to programming

2.2 analyse data and expressions used in C programming
2.3 use input/output functions to develop programs in C
69
2.4 use conditional statements and loops in developing programs in C

2.5 qualify and apply functions in developing programs in C
2.6 differentiate arrays and pointers in relation to C programming
2.7 construct subroutines using structures and unions
2.8 employ bitwise operators in C programs
2.9 test and debug program
3 .0 TOPICS
1. Systematic approach to problem solving
2. Fundamentals of C programming
3. I/O functions
4. Control flow statements and looping
5. Functions
6. Arrays and Pointers
7. Structures and Unions
8. Bit Manipulation
9. Software Testing and Debugging
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 Fundamentals of C programming

4.1.1 Define the following C programming terms:
• Identifiers and keywords
• Data types
• Constants
• Variables and Arrays
• Declarations
• Expressions
• Statements
• Symbolic constants
4.2 Systematic Approach to Problem Solving
4.2.1 Translate word problems

70
4.2.2 Describe the problem-solving process

4.2.3 Explain the different types of algorithms used in C
4.2.4 Formulate flowcharts
4.2.5 Design pseudo code
4.2.6 Outline desirable program characteristics
4.3 Input /Output Functions

4.3.1 Employ the following functions
• The getchar function
• The putchar function
• The scanf function
• The printf function
• The gets function
• The puts function
4.4 Control Statements and Looping

4.4.1 Employ the following control statements:
• The if-else conditional statement
• The while and do-while statements
• The for statement
• Nested loops
• The switch, break and continue blocks
• The comma operator
• The goto statement
4.5 Functions
4.5.1 Perform the following:
• Function declaration
• Calling functions
• Passing arguments to a function
• Returning arguments from a function
• Recursion
4.6 Arrays and Pointers

4.6.1 Define an array
4.6.2 Perform array manipulations
4.6.3 Pass arrays to functions
4.6.4 Employ multidimensional arrays
4.6.5 Differentiate arrays and strings
4.6.6 Define a pointer
4.6.7 Pass pointers to functions
4.6.8 Pass functions to other functions.
4.7 Structures and Unions

4.7.1 Define a structure
4.7.2 Declare and instantiate a structure
71
4.7.3 Distinguish the types of constructs

4.7.4 Differentiate structures from pointers
4.7.5 Pass structures to functions
4.7.6 Employ self-referential structures
4.7.7 Use unions
4.8 Bit Manipulation

4.8.1 Manipulate the following:
• Bitwise operations
• Masking
• Bit fields
4.9 Software Testing and Debugging

4.9.1 Check for the following errors and debug
• syntax errors
• logical errors
• build errors
• semantic errors
• any other errors
4.9.2 Test software according to expected standards

1 Fundamentals of C Programming 5
2 Systematic Approach to Problem Solving 10
3 Input/ Output Functions 15
4 Control Flow Statements and Looping 20
5 Functions 10
6 Arrays and Pointers 10
7 Structures and Unions 10
8 Bit Manipulation 5
9 Software Testing and Debugging 15
TOTAL 100%
6.0. SUGGESTED REFERENCES
72
73
SUBJECT : COMMUNICATION, DRAWING AND COMPUTER SKILLS
CODE : TBA
1.0 AIM
1.1 To promote and encourage computer literacy for all Electrical Engineering students.
1.2 To enable the student or trainee to master the basic concepts of the operation of the
computer.
1.3 To develop an ability to communicate in written and other forms of communication
1.4 . To prepare the students for their roles as competent employees with basic managerial
skills.
1.5 To give the student a basic understanding of the complexity and the organization of
business.
1.6 To give the students a working knowledge of purchasing, stock, production and quality
control.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
PART 1: COMPUTER SKILLS
2.1 demonstrate an understanding of computer functions.
2.2 show an understanding of the function, use of computer equipment and
accessories.
2.3 state the main functions of each of the underlisted internal components of a
computer system unit.
2.4 to set up a personal computer and install software.
2.5 demonstrate an understanding of various ways of handling computer equipment
74
and resources.
2.6 explain different types of software.
2.7 perform operations using appropriate DOS commands.
2.8 perform Windows operations.
2.9 use computerized data processing packages to compile process, store and output
business management information: WORD.
2.10 As 2.9 for SPREADSHEET.
PART II COMMUNICATION
2.11 classify forms of communication.
2.12 identify sentences and paragraphs.
2.13 read and comprehend.
2.14 identify form of spoken communication.
2.15 state the various types of meetings.
2.16 write business letters.
2.17 prepare a report.
2.18 identify the structure of a business organization.
2.19 explain the basic statutory requirement with regards to conduct, employment and
condition of service.
2.20 appreciate the administration of the acquisition and control of stock to safeguard
the flow of production.
75
PART III ENGINEERING DRAWING
2.21 explain and apply the basics of engineering drawing equipment, types of lines, lettering,
the relevant conventional standards, etc.
2.22 produce pictorial drawings and sketches.
2.23 convert orthographic projection drawings to pictoral views and vice-versa.
2.24 produce and interpret section drawings.
2.25 produce and interpret block and schematic diagrams of electronic, electrical and
instrumentation drawings.
DESIGN LENGTH
Part 1 : 45 hours
Part2 : 40 hours
Part 3 : 30 hours
TOTAL : 115 hours
3.0 TOPICS
Introduction to computers.
Computer Equipment
Computer System Architecture
Configuration
Computer Security
Software
DOS
Windows
Data Processing: Word
Data Processing: Spreadsheet
PART 2: COMMUNICATION
Introduction to Communication
Language
Summary and Comprehension
Spoken Communication
Meetings
76
Business letters
Reports
Business Organisations
Legislation Affecting Employers and Employees.
Basic Stores Management
PART 3: ENGINEERING DRAWING
Introduction
Pictorial drawings
Orthographic
Sectioning
Tools and Equipment
4. CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
4.1.1 define a computer in general terms.
4.1.2 to explain the functions of a computer in terms of:
- Receiving (and storing) data

- Processing data
- Outputting data
4.2 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
4.2.1 state the function of the underlisted computer components, input and output devices.
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Visual Display Unit (VDU)
- Printers
- Plotters, for example, graph plotters.
- Magnetic ink character readers (MICR)
- Optical Character Readers (OCR)
- Bar Code Readers
- Touch screens
- Joystick
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- Light pens.
4.3 COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
4.3.1 state the main functions of each of the under-listed internal components of a computer
system unit:
- Motherboard
- power supply unit
- hard disk drive
- floppy disk drive
- CD-ROM drive
- Processor
4.3.2 distinguish between internal and external data storage media used with computers.
4.4 CONFIGURATION
4.4.1 configure/install new hardware, for example, hard drive.
4.4.2 install/set-up the windows operating system.
4.4.3 install application packages, for example, Microsoft Word.
4.4.4 connect peripherals, for example, printers.
4.5 COMPUTER SECURITY
4.5.1 explain safety precautions to be taken when handling disks.
4.5.2 define the term ‘virus’ and give examples.
4.5.3 explain the effects of the under listed conditions on computer equipment and
accessories:
4.5.4 food and dust particles on keyboard.
4.5.5 excessive heat on data storage media.
4.5.6 excessive humidity in a room where the computer is housed.
4.5.7 strong magnet near data storage media.
4.5.8 viruses on data and software.
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4.6 SOFTWARE
4.6.1 define software.
4.6.2 explain the following types of software:
4.6.3 operating system software: DOS and Windows.
4.6.4 application software.
4.6.5 state the main difference between DOS and Windows operating system.
4.7 DOS
4.7.1 perform the under listed operations using appropriate commands:
4.7.2 list files and directories which are on the main Hard Disk.
4.7.3 list all files whose names begin with a given letter.
4.7.4 list all files with a given file extension (for example, ---exe, ---com, ---doc).
4.7.5 create a directory on C:\drive.
4.7.6 copy a file from a floppy (normally A:\drive) to a specified directory on C:\drive – and
vice versa.
4.7.7 copy all files simultaneously from A:\drive to a specified director on C:\drive and vice-
versa.
4.7.8 create duplicate copies of a diskette set.
4.7.9 rename a given file or directory.
4.7.10 delete a specified directory or file.
4.7.11 change a file attribute to “Read Only” and vice-versa.
4.7.12 display the autoexec-bat file on screen.
4.8 WINDOWS
Perform the under-listed WINDOWS (XP Professional and later) operations:
4.8.1 launch Windows Explorer.
4.8.2 create a folder/directory on C:\drive.
4.8.3 move a given file to a specified folder.

79
4.8.4 copy a group of files from C:\ to A:\ drive and vice-versa.
4.8.5 create a start-up diskette.
4.8.6 create duplicate copies of a diskette set.
4.8.7 rename a given file or folder.
4.8.8 change a given file’s attributes to “Read-Only” and vice-versa.
4.8.9 create a Desktop short-cut to a specified file.
4.8.10 install an anti-virus programme.
4.8.11 scan C:\drive for computer viruses.
4.8.12 go to DOS from the desktop.
4.9 DATA PROCESSING: WORD

4.9.1 State the meaning of word-processing and give two examples of word-processing
packages.
4.9.2 Use a Word-processing package to compile a short business letter.

Format given text to:
- Block or select specified text.
- Make selected/block text bold.
- Underline selected text.
- Italicise selected text.
- Change blocked text front size or font type as required.
- Change selected text to super- or sub-script as required.
- Save compiled document to appropriate folder on C:\drive.
- Create tables.
- Print documents.
4.10 DATA PROCESSING: SPREADSHEET
4.10.1 Describe what a spreadsheet is and give two examples of spreadsheet packages currently
in general use.
4.10.2 Describe the spreadsheet page layout (columns, rows and cells).
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4.10.3 Describe how to change row sizes.
4.10.4 Enter simple formulas in a cell.
4.10.5 Use the Copy and Paste tool to duplicate cell contents in another part of a worksheet.
4.10.6 Use a spreadsheet package (software) to prepare a record of television sets successfully
repaired by each of six journeypersons per week for a given month.
4.10.7 Prepare (format) a spreadsheet page to receive and manipulate stock control data under
the following headings:
4.10.8 Journeyperson’s name.
4.10.9 Unit description.
4.10.10Quantity drawn.
4.10.11 VCR serial number.
4.10.12 Client’s name.
4.10.13 Job card number.
4.10.14 Stores person (name)
4.10.15 Previous stock (quantity).
4.10.16 Current stock (after deduction).
4.10.17 Re-stock threshold level
Note Well. Stocks should automatically decline according to quantities drawn.

Restocking by 100 units should be effected once threshold level is reached.
4.10.18 Sort selected data in ascending or descending order.
4.10.19 Use the following functions:
-= Sum
- Average
- Standard deviation
- Count
- Round
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PART 2: COMMUNICATION
4.11 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
4.11.1 To define forms of communication:
4.11.2 Interpersonal communication
4.11.3 Intrapersonal communication
4.11.4 Extrapersonal communication
4.11.5 Mass communication
4.11.6 To explain communication theories.
4.11.7 To explain the models of communication.
4.11.8 To define:
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Decoder
- Feedback
4.11.9 To explain communication breakdown.
4.12 LANGUAGE
4.12.1 To construct sentences and paragraphs.
4.12.2 To define linguistic abusage.
4.12.3 To identify style and tone.
4.12.4 To use appropriate business terms.
4.12.5 To use reference books.

4.13 SUMMARY AND COMPREHENSION
4.13.1 To pick out the important facts in a passage.
4.13.2 To summarise passage.
4.13.3 To explain terms out of context.
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4.14 SPOKEN COMMUNICATION
4.14.1 To Use the telephone.
4.14.2 To pronounce and enunciate.
4.14.3 To talk audibly.
4.14.4 To appreciate the use of verbal communication in:
- Interviews
- Appraisal
- Reward
- Counselling
- Grievances
- Reprimands
- Dismissal
- Termination
4.15. MEETINGS
4.15.1 To explain the following:
- Formal (private/public) meetings.
- Committee meetings
- Command meetings
4.15.2 To convene the meetings in 4.15.1
4.15.3 To write notices, agenda and minutes.
4.15.4 To explain the procedures of meetings.
4.15.5 To define the role of the:
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- Chairperson
- Secretary
- Treasurer
4.16 BUSINESS LETTERS
4.16.1 To classify business letters.
4.16.2 To write:
- Person to firm.
- Firm to person
- Firm to firm
- Inquiry letter
- Quotation letter
- Order letter
- Delivery letter
- Collection letter
- Memorandum
- Complaint and adjustment letter.
4.16.3 To prepare curriculum vitae.
4.17 REPORTS
4.17.1 Write:
- Progress/routine reports.
- Examination/investigation reports.
- Recommendatory reports.
- Accident reports.
4.18 BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS
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4.18.1 To describe the contribution of the departments to the enterprise as a whole.
4.18.2 To describe the role of the division of labour.
4.18.3 To appreciate the need for co-operation flow of information, communication and
feedback between departments.
4.18.4 To appreciate the role of leadership styles, work ethics and human relations to the
success of the enterprise.
4.19 LEGISLATION AFFECTING EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES
4.19.1 Appreciate the:
- Health and Safety Act
- Factories Act
- Workman’s Compensation Act
4.20 BASIC STORES MANAGEMENT
4.20.1 To differentiate between equipment, tools, consumables and working capital.
4.20.2 To explain the purpose of requisition and ordering procedures.
4.20.3 To appreciate the need for material, handling and storage specifications.
4.20.4 To understand the effect of depreciation on equipment, capital equipment and the flow
of production.
4.20.5 To prepare workshop and log book records.
PART 3: ENGINEERING DRAWING
4. 21 PICTORAL DRAWING
4.21.1 State the advantages of pictorial drawings.
4.21.2 State the two types of pictorial views i.e. isometric and oblique.
4.21.3 Identify isometric and oblique drawings and sketches.
4.21.4 Sketch and draw simple engineering components in oblique and isometric views.
85
4.22 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
4.22.1 Define projection.

4.22.2 Describe how to obtain views in orthographic projection, i.e. first angle and third
angle.
4.22.3 Explain the difference between first and third angle orthographic projection.
4.22.4 Select the side most suitable to be the front view.

4.22.5 Appreciate the possibilities of various numbers of views to completely describe
objects.
4.22.6 Illustrate the positioning (layout) of the views on paper.
4.22.7 State and illustrate the different methods of dimensioning.
4.22.8 State and illustrate the basic rules of dimensioning.
4.22.9 Illustrate the acceptable layout of dimensions.
4.22.10 Interpret all relevant information from given first and third angle orthographic
views.
4.22.11 Sketch and draw objects in first and third angle projection, including hidden details.
4.22.12 Dimension the sketches and drawings according to standard conventions.
4.22.13 Convert or orthographic draws (first and third angle) to pictorial views (isometric and
oblique) and vice versa.
4.23 SECTIONING
4.23.1 State the reasons for sectioning.
4.23.2 State the general rules to be observed when sectioning.
4.23.3 Identify and state the different types of sections.
4.23.4 List features which are not sectioned.
4.23.5 Illustrate the correct methods of hatching.
4.23.6 Interpret relevant information from given section drawings.
86
4.23.7 Sketch and draw sectional views of simple engineering components.
4.24 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
4.24.1 Produce and interpret circuit diagrams in electrical, electronic and instrumentation and
control engineering.
4.24.2 Identify BS3939 symbols and state the meaning of each symbol.
4.24.3 Draw the relevant symbols for all relevant components.
4.24.4 Identify block and schematic diagrams.
4.24.5 Interpret all relevant information from given block and schematic diagrams.
4.24.6 a) Power Engineering:
- Interpret and draw AC and DC motor control diagrams (face-plate starter,

thyristor control for DC motors only, DOL and Star-Delta starters including
sequential starting, auto-transformer and rotor resistance starter)
- Identify and draw, using given data, simple installation plans.
- Identify, read and interpret power distribution diagrams of one line and three
lines.
b) Instrumentation:
- Identify BS3939 symbols on given circuit diagrams/process loops and interpret

all relevant information from circuit diagrams.
- Draw, from given data, circuit diagrams/process loops using BS3939 symbols
(temperature, pressure, level, pH and flow rate).
- Interpret and draw block diagrams of PLC monitoring systems.
c) Electronic Engineering:
- Interpret and draw circuit symbols for input and output transducers, for example,
microphones and loudspeakers.
- Interpret and draw circuit symbols for filters, amplifiers, Op-amps.
- Interpret symbols for power and signal lines and ground.
- Interpret and draw functional and block diagrams of receivers and transmitters,
for example, radio receiver and T.V.
87
- Interpret and draw digital symbols and circuits (British and American), for
example, multiplexers, coders, decoders and demultiplexers.
4.25.1 Drawing boards

4.25.2 T-square
4.25.3 Set squares (450 and 600)
4.25.4 Precision Compasses and dividers.
4.25.5 French curves

4.25.6 Rules and templates
4.25.7 Protractor
4.25.8 Drawing pins
4.25.9 Set of pencils
4.25.10 Eraser
4.25.11 Stick-stuff

1 COMPUTER SKILLS 30
2 COMMUNICATION 35
3 ENGINEERING DRAWING 35
TOTAL 100%
6.0. SUGGESTED REFERENCES
1 Bishop, P.(1991) Computer Science Nelson United Kingdom

2 Bradley, R. (1990) Understanding Computer Science Stanley Thornes United Kingdom
3 French, C. S. (1990) Computer Science-
4 Chapman, O. (1991) Data Processing and Information Technology-
5 Little, P. Business Communication-
6 Mastering Business Communication-
7 Smith, C.Small Business – Book 1Radio Pulpit Publication, Pretoria
8 Smith, C. Small Business – Book 2 Radio Pulpit Publication, Pretoria
88
9 Yarwood (1983) Geometrical & Technical Drawing Book 1 & 2, Thomas Nelson & Son
Hong Kong
10 Blackie (1988) Technical Drawing Blakie & Son Harare
11 French, Svensen, Helsen & Urbanick (1968) Mechanical Drawing, 8th ed McGraw-Hill
Washington
12 Michael Niedle (1982) Basic Electrical Installation, 3rd ed. Macmillan Press London
13 Morling, K. Geometric & Engineering Drawing-
14 Bland, S. Graded Exercises in Technical Drawing.
15 Olivo & Payne Basic Blueprint Reading & Sketching-
16 Maguire -Progressive Engineering Drawing
17 Klockner Moeller Wiring Manual Germany
89
SUBJECT TITLE : WORKSHOP PRACTICE

SUBJECT CODE :
DURATION : 120 HOURS
1.0. AIMS
To enable the student to:
2.1 Demonstrate the proper selection, use and care of all tools and materials common to electrical
craft trades persons.
2.2 Identify and select all materials and hardware common to all electrical/electronic craft trades
persons.
3.0 OBJECTIVES
3.1 identify the tools common to electrical/electronic craft and demonstrate their proper use/care
and safety precautions.
3.2 demonstrate knowledge of tool procedures and standards involved in the processes.
3.3 demonstrate knowledge on types of materials used in electrical engineering.
90
3.0 TOPICS
Cutting tools
Measuring tools
Holding tools
Fastening tools
Marking tools
Access devices
Forming tools
Processes
Types of materials
Properties of materials
Application of materials
Tools and equipment
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 CUTTING TOOLS
4.1.1 identify the appropriate cutting tools for a given task.
4.1.2 demonstrate knowledge on the safety precautions to be observed when using

cutting tools.
4.1.3 demonstrate correct use of cutting tools listed below:
- Hacksaws
- Centre punches
- Brace and bits
- Drilling machines and drill bits
- Tin snips and metal shears
- Stocks and dies
- Knives
- Files
- Power bench grinders
- Chassis
91
- Side cutters
- Wire stripper
4.2 MEASURING TOOLS
4.2.1 Identify the appropriate measuring tools for a given task.
4.2.2 Demonstrate knowledge on the safety precautions to be observed when using measuring
tools.
4.2.3 Demonstrate correct use of the measuring tools listed below:
- Various types of measuring rules.

- Tape measure
- Micrometer
- Vernier calipers
4.3 HOLDING TOOLS
4.3.1 Identify the appropriate holding tools for a given task.
4.3.2 Demonstrate the knowledge on the safety precautions to be observed when using
holding tools.
4.3.3 Demonstrate correct use of holding tools listed below:
- various types of pliers
- vices
4.4 FASTENING TOOLS
4.4.1 Identify the appropriate fastening tools for a given task.
4.4.2 Demonstrate knowledge on the safety precautions to be observed when using fastened
tools.
4.4.3 Demonstrate correct use of fastening tools listed below:
- Screwdrivers
- Spanners
- Riveting tools
- Soldering iron
92
- Crimping tool
4.5 MARKING TOOLS
4.5.1 Identify the appropriate marking tools for a given task.
4.5.2 Demonstrate knowledge of the safety precautions to be observed when using marking
tools.
4.5.3 Demonstrate correct use of marking tools listed below:
- Plumb lines
- Scribers
- Squares
- Levels
- Compass
- Divider
4.6 ACCESS DEVICES
4.6.1 Identify the appropriate access devices for a given task.
4.6.2 Demonstrate knowledge of the safety precautions to be observed when using access
devices.
4.9.2 Demonstrate correct use of access devices listed below:
- Scaffolding
- Ladder
4.7 FORMING TOOLS
4.7.1 Identify the appropriate forming tools for a given task.
4.7.2 Demonstrate knowledge of the safety precautions to be observed when using forming
tools.
4.7.3 Demonstrate correct use of forming tools listed below:
- Benders
- Hammers
- Wood block
93
4.8 PROCESSES
4.8.1 Demonstrate knowledge of tools, procedures and standards involved in various

processes listed below:
- Cutting
- Filing
- Drilling and tapping
- Jointing
- Turning
- Cleaning and lubricating
- PCB preparation
- Mounting and lifting
4.9 TYPES OF MATERIALS
4.9.1 Describe metals, polymers, ceramics and composites.
4.10 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
4.10.1 Demonstrate knowledge on the mechanical properties of materials:
- strength
- elasticity
- plasticity
- hardness
- toughness
- ductility
- elementary treatment of fatigue
4.10.2 Demonstrate knowledge on the electrical properties of materials:
- Conductivity
- Resistivity
94
4.10.3 Define:
- semiconductor
- dielectrics and permittivity
- ferro magnetic material
- magnetic properties
- super conductivity
4.10.4 Demonstrate knowledge on thermal properties of materials e.g.
- conductivity
- heat capacity
- expansion
4.11 APPLICATION OF MATERIALS
4.11.1 State the application of:
- Metals
- Insulators
- Semiconductors
- polymers in electrical engineering
Hacksaw Measuring rule

Centre Tape cutters
Brace and bit Micrometer
Drilling machine Vernier calipers
Drill bits Screwdrivers
Tin snips Spanners
Metal shears Riveting tools
Stocks and dies Soldering iron
Knife Crimping tool
Files Plumb lines
Power bench and grinders Scribes
Chassis punches Squares
Side cutters Compass
Wire stripper Dividers
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Scaffolding Wood stock

Ladders Lathe machine
Benders
Hammers

1 CUTTING TOOLS 8
2 MEASURING TOOLS 8
3 HOLDING TOOLS 8
4 FASTENING TOOLS 9
5 MARKING TOOLS 10
6 ACCESS DEVICES 9
7 FORMING TOOLS 10
8 PROCESSES 9
9 TYPES OF MATERIALS 9
10 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 10
11 APPLICATION OF MATERIALS 10
TOTAL 100%
1 Chapman Workshop Technology

2 Akintante Electrical Installations
3 Lewis, M. L. Electrical Installation Technology Hutchinson & Co. Ltd. London
4 Tyler, D. W. Electrical & Electronic Applications 2 Butterworth & Co. Ltd. London
96

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TELONE CENTRE FOR LEARNING

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

INFORMATIOM COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: TELECOMMUNICATIONS

5. Air Force of Zimbabwe 2017

6. Zimbabwe Republic Police 2017

7. World Radio Systems 2017

8. Zimbabwe National Army 2017

10. Commaf 2017

11. Rorach Pvt Ltd 2017

1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

Certificate in Information Communication Technology: Telecommunications.

At the end of the course student should be able to:

SUBJECT CODE DURATION

1 Data Communications and Internet Protocols TBA 120 hours

2 Elements of Telecommunication Systems TBA 180 hours

3 Workshop Practice TBA 120 hours

4 Engineering Mathematics I TBA 180 hours

5 Electronics I TBA 180 hours

6 Electrical Engineering Technology I TBA 180 hours

7 Programming I TBA 160 hours

8 Communication, Computer Skills and Engineering TBA 120 hours

9. Entrepreneurial Skills Development TBA 120 hours

10. National Studies TBA 80 hours

The course duration is 1400 hours plus 2 months’ work-related learning.

7.1 Full time: 1400 hours plus 2 months’ work-related learning.

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT

2 Broadband Access Networks Submit marks A minimum of: 100%

5 Electronics 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%

6 Electrical Engineering 3-hour paper A minimum of: 100%

7 Programming 1 3-hour theory A minimum of: 100%

Below 60% - Fail

10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD

12.1 A candidate will be exempted in subjects already passed in an accredited qualification

12.2 Exemptions should be applied for at the time of enrolment.

13.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications

The minimum qualification for a lecturer is at least a Telecommunication Engineering

13.2 Tools and Equipment

1. Several carbon microphones

1.1 Audio generator

1.2 Audio oscilloscopes and spectrum analyser

2. Several loud speakers as follows:

2.1 4 ohm loud speakers

2.2 8 ohm loud speakers

2.3 16 ohm loud speakers

1. 1.1 as above, audio generators and frequency Spectrum analysers

1.3 tape recorders/playback (audio) with accessories.

2.3 Several TV monitoring units (colour O#).

2.4 Several TV cameras (colour).

2.5 Relative coaxial cables and aerials.

3. Telegraphy and Telephony

Several demonstration units for:

3.1 telex signals

3.2 fax telegraphy

4.1 Signal generators in band II, FM and HF.

4.2 Oscilloscopes in Band II, FM and HF.

4.3 Spectrum analysers in Band II, FM and HF.

4.4 Demonstration unit for propagation modes.

4.5 Field strength measuring equipment and relevant calibrating equipment.

Transmission Lines: Several demonstration kits with accessories

Radio Frequency Communication

1.3 De-modulation demonstration kits as in 1.2 above

1.4 An FM, AM, PM spectrum analyser