Cinthia Sarahi Luis Nuñez

English III

Miguel Valdemar Guillermo Magaña

 40% Exposition 20% Google Classroom

20% 25% Verbal Practice 25%

Attendance 10% (15 min tolerance)

Be late 3 times = -5%
80% Attendance for exams

Miguel.Waldemar@yahoo.com

Exposition
 Power Point, Google Slides
 Send first to email
 Be prepared
Portfolio  No copy/paste
 Topic Index
 Examples of topics Google
 Work
 Homework  Entrar con Gmail
 Documents and handouts  + join class
 Good formant  Class code
 Index

Simple Present tense 3

Present continuous tense 4
Simple past tense 4,5,6
Present perfect tense 6,7
Signal words (Already, Ever, Yet) 8,9
Future tense (Will) 10
Time Clauses (Before After) 11
Grammar: comparatives, superlatives, equatives 11,12
Grammar: Infinitive of purpose 13,14
Grammar past continuous tense 14,15
Grammar: Enough, not enough, too + adjective 16,17
Grammar present perfect tense vs simple past 17
Grammar: Questions with how + adjective or adverbs 17,18
Grammar Passive voice 18
Grammar Active voice 18
Grammar Passive voice with by 18,19
Grammar: Real conditionals in the future 19,20
Grammar: Quantifiers 21,22
Grammar Used to and would 22
Grammar: Past passive 22
Grammar: Modals of necessity 23,24
Grammar: Modals of prohibition 24
Grammar: Modals for giving advice 25

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Simple Present: is used to refer to events, actions, and conditions that are
happening all the time, or exist now. It’s also compare what people usually do with
what they are doing now.

Simple present (everyday)

Activity
1. Very important foods. Staple foods
2. People who produce food. Farmers
3. Describes an area near the ocean. Coastal
4. Describes an area without mountains. Flat
5. Crops
6. Geography
7. Meal
8. Mountainous
9. Region
10. Climate
11. Humid
12. Grasslands

Habits
I. Is what I do
II. what I want to stop doing.
III. How are you going to do?

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Present continuous: Is what is happening now. for something that is happening at
the moment of speaking.
Example:
 I’m just leaving work. I’ll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.

Simple past tense

The simple past tense is used to talk about single or repeated occurrences in the
past, during a time period that is finished.

Example:
 Jason worked every day. last week
 We learned how to make pizza yesterday
 We learned how to make pizza yesterday

Some verbs are regular in the simple past tense, they have an (ed) ending.

Irregular “Sim tense”

See Saw
Eat Ate

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 Drink Drank
Go Went
Send Sent
Give Gave
Take Took
Fall Fell

Regular
Learn Learned
Arrive Arrived
Play Played
*Ask Asked
*Help Helped
Travel Traveled
Want Wanted
Need needed

*Have a little accent

When I was in 6th grade I traveled to Colorado and it was the greatest experience
ever. I remember that I stayed in this enormous house with a huge slide and it also
had a little movie theater, it was like a dream house.
We stayed there for 5 days and you could never get bored.
But we also went jet skiing in some lakes, we took a lot of food like hot dog, chips
and sodas. I remember that we rented a boat so we can get to the other side of the
lake, it was my first time on a boat so I was so amazed and happy.
I remember that I didn’t wanted to returned to Tijuana but I did it happily.

Words: Culture, customs, rules, informal, formal, traditional, small talk, connect
1. The correct way to do something _Rules______________

2. Bring together Connect______________

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 3. Very serious and important _Formal_______________

4. People with the same language and way of living. _Culture__________

5. Activities that are used in a country. __Custom_____________

6. The same for a long time without changing. _Traditional_____________

7. Conversation about things that aren’t important. _Small talk ___________

8. Friendly and relaxed. __Informal________________

Present Perfect tense:

Emphasizes the connection between past and present situations. It is used for
a) Situations that began in the past and continue into the present.
b) Experience in general, when the specific time is not important
Base form:
Subject + has/have + (not) + past participle
We use the present perfect tense:
 To talk about something that started in the past and continues now.
 To talk about something that happened several times in the past
 To talk about something in the past that is connected with the present

Use present perfect form

1. I have met many Canadians, but I haven’t been (be not) in Canada.
2. My husband and I have been (be) married for six years.
3. Mary isn’t in the office this week. She has gone (go) on vacation.
4. Jason doesn’t want to watch videos. He has watched (watch) videos every
night this week
5. Tomorrow is my friend’s birthday, but I haven’t bought (buy not)
6. I have finished (finish) all my homework. Now I can go out.

Present Perfect:
Subject + has/have + (not) + past participle
He has traveled to many countries.

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 Verb Simple past Past participle
Be Was/ were Been
Do/ does Did Done
Have/ has Had Had
Say Said Said
Go Went Gone
Get Got Got, gotten
Make Made Made
Know Knew Known
Think Thought Thought
take Took Taken

1. I haven’t been in Paris

2. Maria has done her homework
3. I have had a dog
4. She had said that many was ugly
5. I have gotten a kitten
6. I have gone into the wild
7. Thaw a made in China
8. I have known that for a while
9. I had thought we were friends
10. I have not taken that if you were kind enough to lend me it

Has – He, she, it

Have – I, You, We, They

Have or has Contraction

I have I’ve
You have You’ve
We have We’ve
They have They’ve
She has She’s
He has He’s
It has It’s

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Already/ ever/ yet + the present perfect tense

Already Has Roberta already left? Question

We have already studied this Affirmative statement
 We use already to talk about something that happened in the past it used for
emphasis in the questions and affirmative statements.
Ever / never Have you ever seen a giraffe?
Never/ not ever We have never played tennis in the rain
We haven’t ever gone to Canada

Yet / not yet Have you done the dishes yet?

Melanie hasn’t eaten lunch yet

 We use ever/ never (not ever) in questions or

negative statements to talk about something that
has or hasn’t has at any time before now.
 We use yet/ not yet in questions or negative statements for emphasis

What things has she already done in her life?

1. She has already learned to speak English
2. She has already Eat traditional food from japan
3. She has already Gone swimming in the ocean
4. She has already Learned the rules for Australian rugty

Travel to Dubai Feed a calf

Go yet skiing Milked a cow
Go to Disneyland Learn to speak Japanese
Go skydiving Finish my career
Own a boutique Visited Colorado
Visited Utah

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 1. I have already gone to Disneyland
2. I have already gone yet skiing
3. I haven’t traveled to Dubai yet
4. I haven’t milked a cow yet
5. I haven’t gone skydiving
6. I haven’t learned how to speak Japanese yet
7. I have already fed a calf
8. I haven’t owned a boutique
9. I have already visited Colorado
10. I have already visited Utah

Urban 1. In the city

Public transportation 2. A town outside of a city
Freeways 3. Roads where cars go fast

Factory 4. Travel to your job

Nightlife 5. Trains, buses and subways

Crowded 6. A place where workers make

things
Population
7. The number of people who live
Traffic
in a place
Noisy
8. Things to do in the evening
Rural
9. Cars moving on a street
Suburb
10. Too full
Commute
11. Too loud
12. In the country

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Grammar “Will”

In this lesson, you are taught to use will in making predictions going to use in a
similar way for future prediction.

Will has these additional uses for future time:

 Statements of fact the play will start at 8:00

 Promise I will help your tomorrow
 Decision made at the time of speaking

Examples:

Statements

Negative

Yes/no questions

Wh - questions

 Use will to make predictions about things you are sure about in the future
 In speaking, use contraction with will: I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, they’ll.

Instructions: Complete the sentences with will and a verb from the box

Rain - have - not go - take

Be - live - not read

1. The TV weather report says it will rain tonight.

2. In 2030, only a few people will live in rural areas.
3. People won’t read newspapers in the future.
4. I think we will have a test next week.
5. In the future, students won’t go to school.
They will take classes online.
6. Leila will be nineteen on her next birthday.

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 Will + time clauses

A time clause is a clause that gives information about when something happened.

In this lesson, you will learn to use time clauses to talk about actions in the future.

 I’ll watch TV after I finish my homework

These time clauses are also used to talk about other time frames.

 The past: I watched TV after I finished my Homework

Example:
 I’ll look at the neighborhood carefully before I choose a new apartment
 Before I choose a new apartment, I’ll look at the neighborhood carefully

Grammar: comparatives, superlatives, equatives

Comparatives are used to describe contrast between two things; superlatives

describe the contrast between one thing and all the others in a group.

Equatives are used to describe things that are equal or the same they are presented
in greater detail in a later unit

Example:
Comparative: This pencil is bigger than that one
Superlative: This pencil is the biggest in the class

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Comparatives

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine

 Compare sentences express similarities or differences between two people

or things

Form comparative sentences with:

–er + than or more/less than

Superlatives

The skin is the bodys larfest organ

Superlative sentences express extremes among three or more people or things.

Form superlative sentences with:

-er + tan or more/less tan

Equatives
Your heart is as large as your first
 Equative sentences are used when people or things are equal to each other

Form equative sentences with

As + adjective + as

Linking with comparatives and superlatives

When we use the comparative –er or more, and the next words starts with an /r/
sound, the words are linked together.
When we use the superlative –est or most, and the next word starts with a /t/
sound, the words are linked together.

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 Example:
We had the best time of our live
She’ll run in a longer race next month

1. Maria has the prettiest tower in her school project

2. Is the most tired day in my life
3. That is the best thing I could bought
4. Julissa is more rational than Rosario
5. Mateo has more rage than my puppy suki
6. I’m better rider than she is

Acne 1. Not able to sleep

Dandruff 2. A skin condition of red spots
Headache 3. A sharp sound you make in your throat
Sore throat 4. A feeling like you are going to vomit
Insomnia 5. Dry skin that forms on the head and drops
in little white pieces.
Indigestion 6. Dain in the stomach because of something
One has eaten.
Nausea 7. A pain in your head
Hiccups 8. A general feeling of pain in the throat.

Grammar: Infinitive of purpose

One common use of the infinitive in English is to express the desired result of an
action.
The infinitive of purpose can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

Example:
To stop hiccups, I eat a spoonful of sugar
I eat a spoonful of sugar to stop hiccups

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Infinitive of purpose Example
You can drink tea with honey to help a sore throat
I always use lotion with sunscreen to protect my skin
 The infinitive of purpose gives a reason for doing something
 It is formed with to + the base form of a verb

Get plenty of sleep at night a. To help them fall asleep

Eat fruits b. To find out the best remedy for your problem
Take a nap c. To increase your concentration during the day
Give children warm milk d. To make your muscles stronger
Ask your doctor questions e. To get enough vitamin in your diet
Lift weight f. To cure a headache

Remember people’s names – remember the first letter

Get exercise – make challenges
Practice English outside of class – Pretend that you don’t know Spanish
Sleep better – Drink tea

1. When you have an adventure, you do something unusual and exciting.

2. A goal is something you hope to be able to do through your efforts over
time.
3. When you achieve something you succeed in making it happen.
4. The things you need for a particular activity are called equipment
5. Amazing means very surprising and wonderful

Grammar past continuous tense

The past continuous tense emphasis and action that began before, and continued after, a
point in the past because of this, it is often used in combination with the simple past tense
in the same sentence.
I was studying when you came in
It can also be used with a reference to a point in the past
I was studying at nine o ‘clock

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 Simple past tense Past continuous tense
I called you last night I was studying at the library last night
 We use the simple past tense to talk about completed actions in
the past
 Past continuous tense to talk about things in progress at a specific
time in the past
 The specific time in the past is sometimes expressed with a time
clause.

Present Continuous
Pronoun Be Verb (ing)
Subject
Example:
She is sleeping in class
Past continuous
Pronoun Be (past) verb (ing)
Subject
Example:
He was drinking soda

Simple past tense with past continuous tense

 To talk about an event in progress in the past that was interrupted, we can use a
simple past time clause with when and a main clause in the past continuous tense.
 To talk about an event that was happening at the same time another event was in
progress in the past, we can use a past continuous time clause with while and main
clause in the simple past tense.

1. We were practicing our lines for the play when the lights went out.
2. When the reporters arrived, Mr. Chen was resting on a bench
3. She looked at the stars every night while she was crossing the ocean
4. While roger was climbing the mountain, he dropped his water bottle.

1. William was doing (do) his homework when I arrived

2. At three thirty I was coming (come) home on the bus.
3. The mountain climbers were resting (rest) when the storm began
4. We practiced saying new vocabulary words while we were walking (walk)
5. You and your friends were sitting (sit) in the coffee shop yesterday morning.

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Grammar: Enough, not enough, too + adjective
Enough, not enough, and too are used with adjectives as well as adverbs:
This room is big enough/ not big, enough / too big
He talks loudly enough / He doesn’t talk loudly enough / He talk too loudly
Enough / not enough are also used with verbs and nouns
I ate enough
We have enough time
The lesson presents their use with adjectives. Enough is placed after the adjective, while
too is placed before the adjective.

Enough, not enough, too + adjective

He was old enough to sail alone
Adjective + enough = you have
The amount that you want
He was not fast enough to catch fish
Not + adjective + enough = you don’t have the amount that you want
His boat was too dark to see
Too + adjective = its more than the amount you want

1. This boat is big enough for one person

2. It’s too expensive for me to buy because I don’t have much money
3. Its strong enough to sail in a lake
4. It’s not safe enough to sail in the ocean
5. It’s not large enough for a whole family
6. Sailing is too hard for me to learn
7. I’m too afraid to cross the ocean alone because I can’t swim

 This food is not enough for the party

It’s not enough, I need more love.
 This whole package of pencils is enough for the school
It’s enough, I can’t take you anymore
 This cake is too much for me
He cloths are just too much
Grammar present perfect tense vs simple past

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 The present perfect tense is used to connect the past with the present. It describes
events at any time in the past that have a connection with the present.
 I’ve already graduated from college (so now I have my degree)
 I’ve been to Mexico four times (so I know something about the
country)
The simple past tense describes a completed action at a specific time.
 I graduated from college in 2004
 I went to Mexico last summer

Present perfect tense

 To talk about things that happened in the past – the specific time is not
important
I’ve already graduated from college
 To talk about things that started in the past and continue now.
I’ve lived alone for five years now.
 To talk about things that happened several times in the past the specific time is
not important I’ve seen that movie three times.

Simple past tense

We use the simple past tense
 To talk about things that happened at a specific time in
the past. I graduated in 2005
 To talk about thing that started and ended in the past.
I’ve lived alone for 5 years, now I live with my wife.

1. I’ve lived in this apartment for five years before that.

2. I lived with my parents
3. The weather was rainy yesterday. It has been rainy every day for a long time
4. Nora hasn’t been to south America, but she traveled to Mexico last year.
5. We started this course two month ago. So far we’ve finished five units.

Grammar: Questions with how + adjective or adverb

These questions ask for classification of the degree of the adverb or adjective. A
common example that students have already learned is How old are you? Note that
with adverbs this type of Qh is used with adverbs of manner (well, badly) and time
(late, early) but not with other types of adverbs.

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 Questions with adjective or adverb
Adjectives. He’s very tall? How tall is he? About six feet
Adverbs. She drives fast? How fast does she drive? Eight miles an hour

Unscramble the questions:

English how do speak well
you
How well do you speak
English?
You how old are you?
How old are you?
Can fast you how type
How fast can you type?
How was hard exercise this?
How hard was this exercise?
Grammar
The passive voice
Is not a tense, but form sentence that emphasizes the receiver of an action. As
such the passive voice can be used in any tense, the subject of a passive-voice
sentence in the object that is receiving an action. The passive voice is used
especially for sentences in which the agent of an action is not important or is
unknown.
Active voice
Subject + transitive verb + direct object
Some people give jewelry as gift
My country imports wine from Italy teens soften wear designer jeans to school.
Passive voice
Direct object + past participle of transitive verb

Example
Jewelry is given as a gift (by some people)
Wine is imported from Italy (by my country)

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  Transitive direct objects: We use the passive voice with transitive verbs
when the focus is on the object
 The object goes before the verb in the passive voice
 The passive voice I formed with the verb be plus the past participle of the
main verb.
 Sometimes we used by phrase with the passive voice.

Luxury items are expensive for a reason, expensive watches, for example are
made (make) from precious metal such as silver or platinum. Beautiful jewelry is
produced (produce) bye people, not by machines. Precious stones such as
diamonds and opals are separated (separate) from tons of rock, and that requires
expensive machinery. Imported luxury items are brought (bring) in from distant
countries, so the cost of transportation adds to their expensive. Finally, a luxury
item such as perfume is made (make) from special ingredients that can only be
found in few places in the world.

Content words
Nouns main verbs question words object adverbs
Many speak why, where, how wonderful easily
Function words
Promos auxiliary verbs the verb be

Is, she, him have, is, will, could is, are, was
Articles prepositions conjunctions
The, in in, to, of, at and, or, but, so

Grammar
Passive voice with by
The by phrase (agent) is included in a passive sentence when the agent is
important or surprising information

Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare

That painting was made by a monkey

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The by phrase is omitted where it is not important or when the speakers are trying
to avoid naming the person.

Cars are made in Japan by workers

Mistakes were made by government officials

The passive voice is usually used without a by phrase

Cut flowers are sold early in the morning

This watch was made in the 1920s

A by phrase is used when we want to say who or what does something (the agent)

My rose could be planted by thousands off farmers

This blouse was made by well-paid workers

1. The Mercedes-Benz is made in Germany by people

2. This necklace was given to me by my grandmother
3. King tut’s tomb was discovered by Howard carter
4. My car was stolen on April 19 by someone
5. Even during the winter, daisies can be grown in green houses by workers
Grammar: Real conditional in the future
English has three types of conditional sentences with if
1. Real situations in the present or future (sometimes called the first
conditional):
If I study hard, I will get a good grade
2. Unreal situations (sometimes called the second conditional):
If I studied hard, I would get better grades. (but I’m lazy)
3. Unreal Situation in the past (Sometimes called the third conditional):
If I had studied hard, I would have gotten a better grade. (but I didn’t
study)
This section introduces conditional sentences for future factual situations, the first
conditional.

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 Real conditionals in the future condition Result
If + subject + present tense verb Subject + will + verb
If I have time tomorrow, I’ll Call you
If we don’t protect Asiatic black bears, They will be extinct a few years from now

 The sentences tell about situations in the future that are possible
 The clause with if can be at the beginning or the end of the sentence

1. If an elephant lives (live) in a zoo, it will get (get) bored.

2. We will be (be) very happy if our team wins (win) the game.
3. If I see (See) a bear in the forest, I will run (run) away.
4. I will go (go) to the concert if I have (have) enough money for a ticket.
Adverbs of manner
Adjective + ly Irregular verbs
Quick + ly = quickly Good = well
Careful + ly = Carefully Fast = fast
Happy + i + ly =happily Hard = hard

 Adverbs of manner tell how an action is done

A snail moves slowly

A cheetah run fast

 Adverbs of manner come after the verb.

Grammar Quantifiers
In English, objects are viewed as separate thing that we can count (such as coins)
or as a whole that we can’t count (such as money). It is how we view the object
that determines its countability. Because of this some nouns can be both count and
non-count.
Different sets of quantifiers are used with each class of nouns
 There are too little papers in the copy machine
 There are too few papers for the students in the class.

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 With count nouns With non – count nouns
Too few Too little
A few A little
Some Some
A lot of A lot of
Many Too much
Too many

Quantifiers
 Quantifiers tell us how much or how many
 Don’t use much in affirmative sentences: He has much money; he has a lot
of money.

1. Raccoons eat (many / a little) different kinds of food.

2. They eat (a little / a lot of) nuts.
3. Raccoons will eat (a few / a little) insects if they find them.
4. They sometimes eat (a little / many) soap.
5. If a raccoon goes in your garbage can, you’ll find (a lot of / many) garbage
all around the places

Grammar Used to and would

Used to and would are both used to talk about things that were rue in the past, but
are not true now. Both have the same meaning, but would is slightly more formal
and is used more often in writing.

Used to
Native Americans used to make their
own shows out if deerskin (Now,
most of them don’t)
They didn’t use to buy their shoes at
a store (Now, most of them do)
Did you use to take music lessons?
Would
When early Indian hunter wanted
to hunt ducks, they would make
duck decoys – artificial ducks to
attract the real ones
Would people buy or make their
everyday tools?

 We use used to (or didn’t use to) talk about past situations or habitual
actions in the past that are not true now.
 In negative statements and questions with used to the auxiliary did or didn’t
shows the past tense and use is in the base (there is no significant
difference in the pronunciation of used to and use to)
 We sometimes use would in the same way.

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 Grammar: Past Passive
Because the passive voice is not a tense it can be used in a combination with
other tenses to talk about different time periods. The past passive is used for
events or processes in a period of time that took place before the present.

Passive voice
Active voice
Direct object + was/were + past
Subject + transitive verb + direct object
participle of transitive verb
-Inuit people built igloos from blocks of
Igloos were built from blocks of ice
ice
(by Inuit people)
-My grandmother made the family’s
The family’s clothes were made by
clothes
my grandmother.

 We use the passive voice with transitive verbs when the focus is on the
object.
 The passive in the past tense is formed with the simple past form of be plus
the past participle of the main verb.
 Sometimes we use a by phrase with the passive.

1) Money for voyages to the new world was provided (provide) by investors
2) Glass beads were traded (trade) for food.
3) Pipes were used (use) for smoking tabacco.
4) Wild animals were hunted (hunt) by native americans.
5) Chocolate was drunk (drink) by the Aztecs.

Grammar: Modals of necessity

Must/have to/have got to, are all used to say that something is necessary must is
the most formal of the three structure, while have got to is mainly used in speaking.
To express lack of necessity, don’t/ doesn’t have to are used. Students
occasionally confuse this structure with must not, which expresses prohibition.

It’s necessary
It’s not necessary
I must make a reservation
I don’t have to make a
Have to
reservation
I’ve got to

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  Must is used in formal situations and in writing
 Have got to is informal
 Have to is used for all tenses
 For the past, use I had to or I didn’t have to.

1. You (haven’t / don’t have to) make reservations for the train. You can buy a
ticket at the station.
2. Sorry! Cant got to the movie with you because (I must / I’ve got to) work
tonight.
3. Last week, chen (had to/ have to) take the bus to class because his car
wasn’t working.
4. To get a driver’s license, you (must/ don’t have to) send their children to
school.
5. The law says that all parents (must/ have got to) send their children to
school.
6. Tomorrow I (Will have to/ must) talk to our teacher after class.

Grammar: Modals of prohibition

Both must not (mustn’t) and can’t are used to express the idea that an action is not
allowed.
Must not is stronger and more formal than can’t

You must not bring a knife on the plane

Can’t

 Must not and can’t mean that something is not allowed. There is a law or
rule against.
 This meaning is different from don’t have to.
 you must not take pictures here = picture are not allowed
 You don’t have to take pictures here= pictures are ok but not necessary.

1. You can’t smoke inside the store

2. You must not bring sharp objects
3. You must bring your passport and flight ticket.
4. You must put the trash in the trash can.
5. You can’t take pictures in the museum.

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Grammar: Modals for giving advice
English uses a variety of different models for giving advice, and choosing the
correct one requires being sensitive to the relationship between the speakers. Had
better and had better not imply a relationship of authority (such as a boss, teacher,
or doctor).
Should and ought to are more neutral, but native speakers usually try to soften
their advice by adding/think or maybe, especially when speaking with friends.
Modals for giving advice

Should/Shouldn’t/ ought to
 You should choose a career that fits your
personality.
 Miguel ought to become an engineer
 Linda shouldn’t take that office job

Had better/ had better not

 You had better talk to the academic
 I had better not miss any more days of work

 We use modals of advice to talk about what is or isn’t a good idea.

 All modals are followed by the form of a verb.
 Had better (not) is stronger than should (not) or ought to it means something
bad could happen if the advice isn’t followed.
 We can use maybe, perhaps or think with modals to make the advice sound
gentler and friendly.

1. You shoul talk with your mom

2. People shouldn’t leave the beach so
durty
3. You had better not skip school
4. You had better get good grades
5. I ought to call my friend.

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