Present simple: habits, actions we repeatedly do

Positive: I/YOU/WE/THEY: verb simple HE/SHE/IT verb:-s , -es -ies

Negative: I/YOU/WE/THEY: don’t + verb simple HE/SHE/IT:
doesn’t + verb simple
Question: I/YOU/WE/THEY: Do+verb simple HE/SHE/IT: does+verb
simple
Keywords: rarely, often , always, usually , every… , never,
seldom, sometimes
Present continuous: now or near future
Positive: I: am WE/YOU/THEY: are HE/SHE/IT: is + VERB+ing
Negative: I: am not WE/YOU/THEY: aren’t HE/SHE/IT: isn’t + VERB+ing

Question: I: am WE/YOU/THEY: are HE/SHE/IT: is + VERB+ing

*am is are at the beginning of the sentence
Keywords: (right) now, at the moment , this, these, next , soon,
Listen! , Look!
Past simple: finished actions in the past
Positive: verb+ ed/d/ied , irregular verbs change completely
Negative: didn’t + verb same
Question: Did ….+verb same

Keywords: yesterday , ago , last… , when , before , after , suddenly

Past continuous: actions in progress in the past
Positive: WE/YOU/THEY: were I/HE/SHE/IT: was VERB+ing
Negative: WE/YOU/THEY: weren’t I/HE/SHE/IT: wasn’t VERB+ing
Question: WE/YOU/THEY: were I/HE/SHE/IT: was VERB+ing
*was , were at the beginning of the sentence

Keywords: yesterday (specific time: time , morning ,

afternoon) , as, while , all day yesterday
Future Simple: actions in the future
Positive: will / be (am /is /are) going to + verb same
Negative: won’t / be not going to + verb same
Question: will / be (am /is /are) going to + verb same
*will / be(am / is / are) at the beginning of the sentence
then the pronoun and then the verb / going to +verb

Keywords: next, tomorrow , this (week, month ) , in the future

 Future Simple: Will or Be Going to

Be going to: To talk about : -future plans (something planned from before)

-something you know is going to happen because of what you see. (Look at the sky ! it’s full of clouds.. It is going to rain. )

I am going to , you/we / they are going to , he/she/it is going to

Will Instant decisions (something we decided that moment)

To warn (if you don’t clean your room you will not / won’t go to the party)
To offer help (I will help you carry the bags)
To promise (I promise I will help you )
With the phrases : I am sure , I think ( I am sure she will come)
To threat (if you do this again I will kill you !)

Shall : we use shall to ask a question or to make an offer

Shall I help you carry the bags?

Future Continuous: actions in the future in progress
Positive: will be + verb with -ing
Negative: won’t be + verb with -ing
Question: will be + verb with -ing
* will be at the beginning of the sentence then the pronoun and then
the verb with -ing

Keywords: next, tomorrow , this (week, month ) , in the future

Present perfect: actions that happened in the past and
affect the present: I have lost my keys I am still looking for them
Positive: have / has (he/she/it) + verb with –ed or the 3rd column
Negative: have / has (he/she/it) NOT + verb with –ed or the 3rd col.
Question: have / has (he/she/it) + verb with –ed or the 3rd column
* have / has (he/she/it) at the beginning of the sentence then the
pronoun and then the + verb with –ed

Keywords: never , ever , just , already , since , for , yet , (for) how , so far
Present perfect Continuous: to talk about events or

activities in progress which started at a time in the past and are still continuing up until now?

Positive: have / has (he/she/it) +been + verb with –ing

Negative: have / has (he/she/it) +been + verb with –ing
Question: have / has (he/she/it) +been + verb with –ing
* have / has (he/she/it) at the beginning of the sentence then the
pronoun and then been + verb with –ing
keywords: for , how long
 Past Perfect
An action that happened before another action in the past.

 First action: past perfect

 Second action: past simple I have done my makeup and then I went to the party:
first action done my makeup second action went to the party

Had + verb-ed / 3rd column

Negative : Had not + verb-ed / 3rd column
Question : Had (at the beginning of the sentence ) + verb-ed / 3rd column
Time expressions: after , when , by , by the time , already , just , as soon as , until , ever , never , the day / month/ week
before , the previous day ,/ week month
 Past Perfect continuous
An action that happened before another action in the past , when we want to emphasise how long it lasted. If there are two
actions in the past then the:

 First action: takes the past perfect continuous

 Second action: past simple
I Had been studying before I went to the party.:
first action had been studying , second action went to the party.

Had + been + verb - ing

Negative : Had not + been + verb - ing
Question : Had (at the beginning of the sentence ) + been + verb - ing

Time expressions: for , since , all day , /week , /evening , how long