LARAZI, MARIA ALYSSA

TH002 INDIBEH 1. Organizational Systems Level

TEST 1 – REVIEWER 2. Group Level
3. Individual Level
Managers:
They get things done through other people. Psychology:
 Make decisions The science that seeks to measure, explain
 Allocate resources and sometimes change the behavior of
 Direct activities of others to attain humans and other animals.
goals
DEPENDENT VARIABLES:
Organization:
A consciously coordinated social unit Productivity:
composed of two or more people that Transforming inputs to outputs at lowest
functions on a relatively continuous basis to cost. Includes the concepts of effectiveness
achieve a common goal or set of goals. and efficiency.

Organizational Behavior: Absenteeism:

A field of study that investigates the impact
of that individuals, groups and structure
have on behavior within organizations, for
the purpose of applying such knowledge
towards improving an organization’s
effectiveness.
INTUITION VS SYSTEMATIC STUDY
Intuition:
 Gut feelings
 Individual observation
 Common sense
Systematic Study:
 Looks at relationships
 Scientific evidence
 Predicts behaviors
Model:
It is an abstraction of reality—a simplified
representation of some real-world
phenomenon.
Failure to report to work. Huge cost to ER.
Turnover:
In/Voluntary permanent withdrawal from an
organization.
Deviant Workplace Behavior:
Voluntary behavior that violates the
significant organizational norms and thereby
threatens the well-being of the organization.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior:
Discretionary behavior that’s not part of
EE’s formal job.
Job Satisfaction:
An positive attitude towards one’s job.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:
Biographical characteristics:
Personality and emotions, values and
attitudes, ability, perception and motivation,
etc.

Communication:
3 Levels of Analysis in Organizational
Behavior:
Group decision making, leadership and trust,  Intellectual Abilities:
group structure, conflict, power and poliutics Structures and measures of
and work teams intelligence generalize across
cultures.
Organization System:
Organizational culture, HRP and org.  Diversity Management:
structure and design. It is crucial across the globe.
Different cultures = Different
DIVERSITY: frameworks of how they’ll handle
 Surface Level Diversity diversity.
 Deep Level Diversity
 Diversity Management Managerial Implications:

Ability:  ABILITY – Used in selection,

An individual’s capacity to perform the promotion and transfer. Directly
various tasks in a job. influences the EE’s level of
performance.
2 Sets of Factors of Ability:  Biographical Characteristics
shouldn’t be used in mgt decisions
 Intellectual Abilities: Mental because of bias.
 Physical Abilities: Stamina
Personality:
Flexibility Factors: Refers to the psychological qualities that
contribute to an individual’s enduring and
 Extent Flexibility distinctive patterns of:
 Dynamic Flexibility  Feeling
 Thinking
Role of Disability:  Behaving
 When focusing on ability, it can
create problems when attempting to Key Approaches: Psychoanalytic
develop workplace policies that (TBH, CSB)
recognize diversity in terms of 1. Trait
disabilities. 2. Biological
 It is important to recognize diversity 3. Humanistic
and strive for it in the hiring process. 4. Cognitive
 An organization needs to be careful 5. Social Learning/Behavior
to avoid discriminatory practices by
making generalizations about people Key Approaches: Personality
with disabilities. 1. Unconscious Mind
2. Inherited Predisposition
Diversity Management: 3. Personal Responsibility
Making everybody aware and sensitive to 4. Observable Traits
the needs of others. 5. Conditioning/Expectations
6. (IDIP) Individual’s difference in
Global Implications: information processing
Freud’s Psychoanalysis Therapy:
- To release repressed emotions and
experience make the unconscious
conscious. It is only having a
cathartic (healing) experience can the
person be helped and cured.
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
CONSCIOUSNESS:
- Freudian Slip
- Behavior = Unconscious
APPLICATION/RESEARCH:
- Repetitive failure & chronic
unhappiness are typically self-
inflicted (Roy Schafer)
- Motivated unconscious
MENTAL STRUCTURES FOR
PERSONALITY:
1. ID (Pleasure-driven)
Impulsive and unconscious part of
our psyche which responds directly
to basic urges, needs and desires.
2. EGO (Rational)
Operates according to the reality
principle, working out realistic ways
of satisfying the ID’s demands.
3. SUPEREGO (Morality)
Control the ID’s impulses, especially
those society forbids, such as sex and
aggression all at the same time.
APPLICATION/RESEARCH
DEFENSE MECHANISM:
1. Repression:
Not remembering an unpleasant
memory (crime, past, etc.) or thought
in the unconscious.
2. Regression:
Reverting back to immature behavior
such as tantrums from an earlier
development.
3. Displacement:
Redirecting unacceptable feelings
(annoyance, anger, etc.) towards
others as a substitute target.
4. Sublimation:
Replacing socially unacceptable
impulses (aggressiveness,
inappropriate sexual desires) into
socially acceptable behavior (sports,
art, etc.)
5. Reaction Formation:
Acting in exactly the opposite way to
one’s unacceptable impulses.
6. Projection:
Attributing one’s own unacceptable
feelings or thoughts (ex: cheating) to
other people/person.
7. Rationalization:
Creating false excuses for one’s
unacceptable feelings, thoughts,
behaviors.
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
KEY CONCEPTS:
Fixation:
It is a persistent focus of the id’s pleasure-
seeking energies at an earlier stage
of psychosexual development.
Anal Retentive:
Someone is stingy, with a compulsive
seeking of order and tidiness. The person is
generally stubborn and perfectionist.
Anal Expulsive:
Someone has a lack of self-control, being
generally messy and careless.
NEO-FREUDIAN
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Motivated to compensate for feelings
of inferiority (reflect will to power)
2. Striving for superiority (upward
drive)
3. Innate interest in people
4. Birth order
HUMANISTIC APPROACH
is an approach to psychology that
emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in
human behavior.
BASIC PRINCIPLES:
1. “Inside out” approach
2. People are naturally good (worst
neutral)
3. Self-fulfillment
KEY CONCEPTS:
PERSONALITY:
1. No individuals have the sdame
perception of the world.
Phenomenology
Philosophy-insipired
2. Personality = Individuality
3. Understanding perception is a MUST
to understand personality.
FREEDOM AND SELF
DETERMINATION:
- All human beings are free to choose
and create their lives in the efforts to
achieve work life balance.
- Life = self-determined and you are
what you choose.
HUMANISTIC APPROACH A.K.A:
- Existential
- Phenomenological
CARL ROGER’S: SELF CONCEPT
THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Self-Concept:
All information and beliefs individuals have
about their own nature.
Self-concept = Experience
Mental Health Adjustments:
Important determinants of a healthy self-
concept vs. experiences.
Psychological Reactance
Feeling of losing control or freedom.
A. Well Adjusted Individual:
Self-concept and Experience are
close to each other.
B. Maladaptive Individual:
Self-concept and experience are far
from each other.
CENTRAL CONCEPTS FOR
ROGERIANS:
Unconditional Positive Regard
Positive behavior shown toward someone to
increase develop positive self-esteem.
Issues:
Conditional love vs. Unconditional love.