Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
net/publication/312016794
Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil and Performance Test with Diesel in CI
Engine
CITATION READS
1 4,240
3 authors:
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Design, Construction and Performance Test of a Granular Material Handling System Using Belt Conveyor and Bucket Elevator View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Md. Rafsan Nahian on 19 May 2017.
ICMIEE-PI-160160
Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil and Performance Test with Diesel in CI Engine
Md. Rafsan Nahian 1*, Md. Nurul Islam 1, Shaheen Mahmud Khan 2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel from palm oil has significant potential as an alternative fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. Early investigations
report that biodiesel which is extracted from palm oil by transesterification method has similar properties like diesel fuel.
Transesterification is a process of using an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
to break the molecule of the raw renewable oil with glycerol as a byproduct. It has been reported that for 0.35% sodium hydroxide
and 20% methanol biodiesel production is maximum. Experimental studies are conducted on a single cylinder, four stroke, water
cooled, naturally aspirated diesel engine fuelled with two different blends, 10% palm oil and 90% diesel (B-10), 20% palm oil
and 80% diesel (B-20). The brake thermal efficiency of B-10 is slightly lower than diesel and higher than B-20. Besides Brake
specific fuel consumption of B-10 blend is very close to the specific fuel consumption of diesel and slightly lower than B-20.
The emission of CO and NOx are slightly lower than conventional diesel fuel. Besides there is no sulphur content. The main
concern of this paper is to produce biodiesel from palm oil by transesterification method and test the performance for different
blends to analyze the fuel properties.
The conversion of component triglyceride to simple alkyl After completion the process, the mixture is poured from
esters with various alcohols reduces high viscosity of oils the blender into a 2 liter pet bottle for settling and
and fats. Base catalysis of the transesterification with screwed on the lid tightly. It is allowed to settle for 24
reagents such as sodium hydroxide is preferred over acid hours. Darker colored glycerin as byproduct is collected
catalysis because the former is more rapid. in a distinct layer at the bottom of the bottle, with a clear
Transesterification is a reverse reaction. Methyl esters are line of separation from the pale liquid above, which is the
the most popular esters for several reasons. One reason is Biodiesel.
the low price of methanol compared to other alcohols.
Besides, esters have significantly lower viscosities than 3.2 Washing of Biodiesel
the parent oils and fats. They improve the injection Biodiesel should be washed to remove soap, catalyst and
process and ensure the better atomization of the fuel in other impurities. If it passes the wash test, then the rest of
the combustion chamber. Another advantage of the esters biodiesel should be washed. For washing, the biodiesel is
is possibly more benign emissions. poured into one of the wash bottles and half liter fresh
water is added for each four wash required. The cap is
3. Preparation of Biodiesel screwed tightly. The bottle is turned on its side and rolled
Biodiesel from palm oil is prepared by the following it with the hands until oil and water is well mixed and
steps. homogeneous.
3.1 Biodiesel manufacturing process 4. Economic of Biodiesel production from palm oil
It is estimated that the cost of biodiesel production from
Palm Oil palm oil by transesterification process is slightly higher
than the conventional diesel fuel. 1 liter palm oil is
needed to obtain 1 liter biodiesel. After the
Methyl Transesterification NaOH transesterification process, the amount of the byproduct
Alcohol (Catalyst) in form of glycerin is up to 0.40 ml.
Heating
ICMIEE-PI-160160-2
Table 1 Cost analysis of biodiesel Brake thermal efficiency: The percentage of brake
Materials Cost (BDT) thermal efficiency of the engine is related to engine brake
1 liter palm oil 61 power and total energy input to the engine.
200 ml methanol 100
3.5 gm NaOH 3.5 Brake power× 3600
Efficiency=
Raw glycerin (Salable) (-8) Fuel consumption rate× Higher calorific value
Net cost for 1 liter biodiesel 156.5
6.2 Experimental setup
The cost will be reduced significantly when it will be The experiment is conducted with conventional diesel
produced in large scale. fuel, palm oil methyl ester. The rpm is measured directly
by the tachometer. Fuel consumption is measured by a
5. Properties of Biodiesel burette attached to the engine fuel. A stopwatch is used
The engine performance greatly depends upon the to measure the fuel consumption time for every 10 cc of
chemical reaction between induced air and the fuel in the fuel. The engine is electrically loaded. The full
combustion chamber, which permits the release of heat experimental setup is given in Fig 3.
energy. For this reason a fuel should possess a number of
properties for using it in diesel engine. The main Fuel
Burette
properties are given in Table 2. Fuel
Tank
Temperature
Table 2 Properties of diesel, biodiesel, palm oil and
diesel. Cooling Exhaust
Name of Density Calorific Pour water in Gas
the sample (kg/m3) value (kJ/kg) point (oC)
Diesel 830 42418.48 -10
Palm oil 883 34294.68 17.2 Air Box Electric
Heater
B 100 862 38356.58 11.7
B-20 840 41606.10 -5
Manometer
B-10 838 42014.38 -6.8 RPM
ICMIEE-PI-160160-3
Table 4 Performance data of diesel engine with diesel, diesel and it increases as blending is increased from B-10
B-10 and B-20. to B-20. This is because of higher calorific value of diesel
Brake than the other blends. On increasing the biodiesel
Brake proportion in the blend, BSFC increases due to the
Efficiency specific fuel
Sample power
(%) consumption reduced calorific value of these blends. So, B-10 shows
(kW)
(Kg/kW/hr.) lower BSFC than B-20 because of its higher calorific
0.294 11.3 0.750 value.
Diesel 0.406 15.5 0.546
0.508 18.3 0.456
0.294 10.5 0.820 7. Conclusion
B-10 0.406 14.2 0.600 In the presented study, it is found that biodiesel which is
0.508 17.3 0.490 extracted from palm oil has almost similar properties like
0.294 10.2 0.850 diesel fuel and able to replace diesel fuel in small engine.
B-20 0.406 14.0 0.640 Blends of B-10 gives better results than B-20. Following
are the conclusions based on the experimental results
0.508 16.9 0.550
obtained while operating in a single cylinder diesel
engine with diesel-biodiesel blends.
Efficiency Vs Brake Power
19 I. B-10 blends can be utilized directly in diesel
Diesel engine without any engine modification.
17 II. The brake thermal efficiency of B-10 is slightly
Efficiency (%)
REFERENCES
0.7
[1] Bangladesh oil consumption, retrieved 2013, from
0.6 B-10
www.theglobaleconomy.com/Bangladesh/oil_cons
0.5 umtion
0.4 B-20 [2] Pullaggura, G. Kumar, K.R. Verma, P.C. Jaiswal, A.
0.3 Prakash and S. Murugan, “Experimental
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 investigation of hydrogen enrichment on
Brake Power (kW) performance and emission behavior of CI engine”,
Fig.5 Variation of BSFC with respect to brake power IJEST, Vol. 4, pp.1223-1232, 2012
[3] S. Tiwari, R. Arnold, A. Saxena, P. Singh, N. Pathak
Figure 5 shows the effect of blending on brake specific and A. S. Tiwari, “Optimization of
fuel consumption (BSFC) for various fuel combinations.
transesterification process for biodiesel production
The BSFC is observed to decrease sharply for all fuels at
higher load. For a certain brake power, the specific fuel from waste oil”, IJPLCP, Vol. 4, pp.2701-2704,
consumption is found to be the lowest in case of pure June, 2013
ICMIEE-PI-160160-4
[4] Allen CAW, Watts KC, Ackman RG, Pegg MJ.
“Predicting the viscosity of biodiesel fuels from
their fatty acid ester composition”, Fuel.78, pp.
1319–26, 1999
[5] Han HW, Cao WL, Zhang JC, “Preparation of
biodiesel from soybean oil using supercritical
methanol and CO2 as co-solvent Process”,
Biochem.40, pp.3148–51, 2005
[6] Shahadat, M. M., Z., Nabi, M. N. and Akhter, M. S.,
“Diesel NOx Reduction by Preheating Inlet Air”,
ICME05–TH–31, 28 – 30 Dec, 2005 Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
[7] Gaurav Dwivedi, Siddharth Jain, M.P. Sharma,
“Diesel engine performance and emission analysis
using biodiesel from various oil sources”, JMES,
Vol. 4 (4), pp.434-447, 2013
[8] Marchetti, J., V. Miguel and A. Errazu, "Possible
methods for biodiesel production”, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 6, pp.1300-1311,
2007
[9] O. Arpa, R. Yumrutas and Z. Argumhan,
“Experimental investigation of the effect of diesel-
like fuel obtained from waste lubrication oil on
engine performance and exhaust emissions”, Fuel
process technology, Vol. 91, pp.1241-1249, 2010
ICMIEE-PI-160160-5