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Paper on water purification and quality system based on IoT.

1
Ghulam Ahmed Bin Saeed, 2Muhammad Hamza, 3Jawwad Mehdi
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75290,
Pakistan (ghulamahmed8@gmail.com)
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75290,
Pakistan (muhammadhamza123890@gmail.com)
3
Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75290,
Pakistan (jawwadmehdi86@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT: Contaminant’s in water supply may affect health or cause taste and odor problems.
The work has been carried out to come up with cost-efficient solution that purifies water using
sedimentation and activated carbon along with the quality test before the water is available for
local citizens. The transpiring technological innovation of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is expected
to offer propitious solutions in many fields that is going to benefit a country socially and
economically, improve the standards of living for people and much more. This paper covers how
water is purified using activated carbon and sedimentation that reduces the cost, connection of
models, data transferring to cloud and its integration using IoT.

Key words: IoT, Smart Life, Water purification, Water quality system, Sewerage and Water.

I. INTRODUCTION ‘Machar Colony’ , an area in Karachi, Pakistan


has a population of 700,000 people and the RO
World’s population is increasing at a rapid pace plant required to transmit purified water to
and so do the needs. Water is one the essential
each and every person is approximately One
thing required by every human being and its billion rupees.
quality matters a lot. Contaminated water is said
to cause 500,000 deaths each year. So our main The data was collected through various sources
focus was to develop a system that purifies available on the internet the references of which
water and perform quality test in a cost effective are given at the end of the research paper.
manner so not only the elite class but the middle
and lower also have access to clean and safe This research paper comprises of the plant which
ensures the purification of water through
water for drinking and daily household purposes.
sedimentation, activated charcoal and chlorine
II. METHODOLOGY powder along with the water quality testing
The main focus of this project is to install the through turbidity sensors and pH sensors.
filtration plant against the RO plants. This idea
was established when it was realized that the
The system for water purification is given below,

III. SEDIMENTATION TANK IV. ACTIVATED CHARCOL


Solids like stones, excretes etc. and non-polar PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Impurities liquids may be removed from The water after the sedimentation process will
wastewater by gravity when density differences then be passed through the activated carbon tank
are sufficient to overcome dispersion by which consists of activated charcoal in
turbulence. Gravity separation of solids is the powdered form and below it will be the fine
primary treatment of sewage, where the unit sand. This Tank will purify the water of volatile
process is called "primary settling tanks" or organic compounds by trapping the impurities in
"primary sedimentation tanks". It is also widely the pores available in the charcoal. The purified
used for the treatment of other wastewaters. water with some bacteria is then extracted from
Solids that are heavier than water will accumulate the bottom of the water and then transferred to
at the bottom of quiescent settling basins. More the third tank for chlorination process.
complex clarifiers also have skimmers to
simultaneously remove floating grease like soap Carbon filter capacity [1] can be roughly
scum and solids like feathers or wood chips. estimated at 0. 1 pound of organics per 1 pound
of carbon at a flow rate of 1 to 2 gallons per
minute per cubic foot (gpm/cu.ft.) and a bed
depth of 3 feet.

The properties of granulated activated carbon is as follows,


V. CHLORINATION PROCESS However if the test fails, the water is again
In Chlorination tank a chlorine gas [2] or chlorine transmitted to the second tank containing
powder will be used to purify the water of activated charcoal.
salmonella, E.coli and many other bacteria’s. 1
pint (16 ounces) of chlorine powder can purify All of this can be monitored through a mobile
12.5 gallons of water. After this the water is then phone. The sensors are attached to arduino which
transmitted to the fourth tank which will ensure sends the data to the Wi-Fi module and then the
water quality testing. Wi-Fi module transfer the data to a mobile
application through cloud networks.

VII. MINERAL ADDITION


VI. WATER QUALITY TESTING After passing the quality test minerals are added
In the fourth tank the water is testes through in order to make the water drinkable and useful.
various sensors. There should be around 100 – 200 mg of calcium,
and 40 – 80 mg of magnesium per day from the
 The turbidity sensor checks for the water you drink.
suspended particles available in the water
 The pH sensor then tests the pH of the VIII. WATER DISTRIBUTION
water which should be roughly 7.0 The water is then transferred to the different tanks
and then is ready to be used for drinking and other
purposes.

IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3. After chlorination the testing


will take place in which the pH
 This treatment facility is going to provide and turbidity sensors will
clean drinking water to 700,000 people transmit the information via
of ‘Machar colony’ at the rates lower cloud to the computer and
than the RO plant. mobile apps using Wi-Fi module
 This treatment facility also ensures the and based on this data analysis
quality testing of the water being water will be transmitted either
transferred to different places. to be purified again or to the
 All of the processes are being automated mineral adder and water
through IoT. distribution system containing
1. The sedimentation time will be water level sensors to ensure that
noted by a timer after which the equal amount of water is being
lids of the pipes would be opened distributed in each tank
to transmit partially purified  There is a onetime cost for the
water. installation of the water tanks, pipes,
2. In second tank the water level motors and sensors and then maintenance
sensor will check the height of is required every 2 months at minimum.
the water in the tank. If it reaches  However the coal, chemicals and
the required height the lid will be minerals need to be added and changed
opened and the water will be accordingly. The charcoal is changed
transferred to the third tank in every six months while the chlorine
which chlorination is taking powder and minerals is added each time
place.
According to the amount of water available.

REFERENCES:
[2]”Ground Water and Drinking Water”
[1]F. DeSilva (January 2000). irjet.net [online].
“Activated Carbon Filtration” https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-
http://www.watertreatmentguide.com/ac drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-
tivated_carbon_filtration.htm [online] drinking-water[Accessed: 26 Jan 2018]
[Accessed: 26 Jan 2018]

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