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Greenhouse Management

Irrigation and Water Management

UMESH NAVANDER
Asstt. Trainer
International Horticulture Innovation and Training Centre
Jaipur

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 Contents

Drip irrigation
Components of Drip irrigation system
Maintenance of Drip irrigation
Fertigation Equipments
Fogging and misting systems
 Irrigation

Irrigation is an artificial application of water to soil by

supplying sufficient soil moisture to the crop for
proper growth.

Goal

Water supply to the root zone

Design according to crop consumption

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 Crop water requirement

PAN EVAPORATION

PAN FACTOR

CROP FACTOR

CANOPY FACTOR

WR/DAY/ PLANT= A X B X C X D X E

A= PAN EVAPORATION IN MM

B= PAN FACTOR (0.8)

C= CROP FACTOR

D= CANOPY FACTOR

E= CROP AREA IN SQ.MTR

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 water
Soil
Particle
Air

Saturation Field Capacity Permanent

Wilting Point

40 %
30 %
20 % d

10 %
 Drip irrigation
 It is the application of small amount of water near the root
zone of the plants at frequent intervals through drippers.

 Applies water slowly, almost matching with the

consumptive water use of the plant, to keep the soil moisture
within the desired range of available moisture for plant
growth.

 Water is discharged drop by drop at very low rate of a few

liters per hour. This system minimizes the water losses in the
conventional irrigation methods such as deep percolation,
runoff and evaporation.
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 Benefits of Drip irrigation

 High water use efficiency, water saving up to 70 - 90 %

 Water and fertilizer can be applied uniformly to each
plant.
 Maintains proper soil-air-water relationship, increased
plant vigor and crop yield.
 Soil moisture is maintained always at field capacity
level.
 Use of saline water is possible.
 Decreases weeds development.

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 Benefits of Drip irrigation

 There is less evaporation losses as compare to

traditional irrigation methods.
 No interference with cultural practices, less disease
and pest problem
 Irrigation application rate can be adjusted as per the
soil type.
 Less energy consumption.
Wetted area

Loop drip system

Drip irrigation in greenhouse

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 Components of drip system

Main components Other components

 Filter  Bypass assembly
 Mainline  Non return valve
 Sub main  Fertilizer tank
 Lateral line  Pressure Gauge
 Dripper  Control valve
 Air release valve
 Flush valve

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LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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 Gravel filter
Back wash valve Ball valve

Inlet

Silica
sand

Out let
Candle

 Filter are effective against both inorganic and organic

suspended solids.
 Filter consists of small basalt gravel usually 1 to 2 mm diameter.
 Pressure difference 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm2
 Flow rate 10 to 50 m3/hr

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Vertical Sand Filter
LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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 Hydrocyclone filter

Out let
 Filters are effective only when the solid
Inlet
particles to be separated are of higher
density than water

Hydro-cyclone filters are normally installed

near the wells or pumping stations and or
most suitable for separating large quantities
of sand and stone fragments from the
pumped water
Drain valve
centrifugal force these filters remove the
suspended substances with specific gravities
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LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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 Screen filter

The screen are usually cylindrical in shape

and are made up non corrosive metal or plastic
material.
Screen size 20, 40, 80, 100, 120, 150 and
200 mesh.
Head loss should not be more than 3 m.

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 Disc filter

Disc filter consists of stock of thin plastic disc,

which are piled together around a telescopic core,
according to the desired degree of filtration.
The filter element can be cleaned easily by
opening the core. The discs are released and can
easily be rinsed under running water.

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 Main line and sub-main line

PVC pipes

They are normally made of rigid PVC and HDPE pipes in order
to minimize corrosion and clogging.

 They are also buried in ground below 45 cm to 60 cm

 the frictional head loss should be less that 5 m per 1000 m
running length of main pipeline
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LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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 Lateral line

Plain lateral Inline lateral

• Laterals are small diameter flexible pipes or tubing made of

LDPE Material.

•There are coloured black

•They can withstand maximum pressure of 4 kg/cm2

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 Factors influencing
selection of the emitter

• Soil Type • Sandy, Loamy-

clay/sand,Clayey

• Crop Water requirement • Canopy , Evaporation

• Climatic requirement of rate, Crop Factor

the crop • Humidity, Micro climate,

• Site Conditions etc

• Power & water availability

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 Online Dripper

 Emitter of plastic such as polyethylene or

polypropylene.
 Dripper discharge range between 1 to 15 lit/hr.
 On line dripper can installed manually.
 It is used for orchard, potted plants
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 NO drain , PC - dripper

It is used in greenhouses.

Useful for soil less substrates in the Greenhouses,

especailly coco-peat, Rock wool

It is also used where land is undulating

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 Inline dripper

 In line emitters is inbuilt in lateral while manufacturing.

 It is used in closed spaced crop, row crop
 It is used in Greenhouses, vegetable, sugarcane etc.

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LAYOUT OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

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 Valves

Control valve Flush valve Air release valve

control valve is used to regulate the water supply in pipe lines

Flush valve is used to flush out the dirt accumulated water at the
end of the PVC pipe.

Air release valve to release the entrapped air during the start of
the system and to break the vacuum during shut off. IHITC
 Maintenance of drip irrigation

Check/ adjust pressure in the system to get

desirable pressure for operating the system.

Clean/ backwash the screen filter/disc filter

and sand filter after irrigation is over.

Flush laterals, sub mains & Main lines.

If drippers are clogged due to salt

accumulation then go through chemical
treatment.

Ensure that minimum one sub main ball

valve should be open while starting the
system.
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Flushing of drip system
 Fertigation Equipments

Fertilizer application equipment

Ventury

Fertilizer tank

Fertilizer injector

A,B,C tank

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Ventury

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 Fertilizer tank

• A tank • B tank
Calcium Nitrate KNO3

KNO3 MgNO3

NH4NO3 MgSO4

Fe (Chelated) K2SO4 (0:0:52)

MKP (0:52:34)

MAP (12:0:61)

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Fertilizer tank

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Injector Pump

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 Components of Fogging/ Misting System

• Pressure pump • Pressure regulator

• Mainline • Lateral
• Disc filter • Foggers

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 Foggers are used for cooling greenhouses.

 Foggers are connected to lateral with micro-tube.

 Increase humidity –13 to 14 % effect remain –20 ,25 min.

 Temp. – Reduction 5 –7 degree

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Four - way Two - way
Anti leak valve

 There are one way, two way, and four way types of
foggers

 operation pressure range: 3 - 5.0 kg/cm2.

 Average droplet size: 70 micron

 No dripping when system is turned off or pressure

drops
FOGGING SYSTEM

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 Mister Nozzle

• Misting systems can be used to deliver a fine spray of

water into the greenhouse air space to provide some
relief during very hot and/or dry conditions.
• Most misting systems operate at a pressure of between
around 2.50 kg/cm2 and 3.0 kg/cm2.
• The water droplets are typically in the range of 100 to
200 microns.
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Mister on Bed
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