A PROJECT WORK

“MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE”

BY
G. Sneha 12911A0383
M.Annapurna 12911A03A1
R.Uma Rani 12911A03A8
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are delightful to have undergone training here ay NTPC Limited
Ramagundam. This report is an embodiment of the efforts of the several persons
to whom we would like to express our gratitude.

We would like to express our deep felt gratitude to the management of the
Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station for permitting us to undergo
training and carry out project.

We express our immense pleasure and deep sense of gratitude to

Mr.R.K.SINHA(AGM,MM/OS) for allowing us to do project for spending his
valuable time in sharing and also helping us in completion of the task.

We would like to extend our thanks to Mr.SAILU (Manager,MM/OS) for

all the encouragement for successful completion of this project and for his valuable
suggestions and active guidance during coarse of work.

I also thank to Sri, P.M.G.V.Srinivas D.G.M (HR-EDC),

M.V.R.SHARMA. Asst.Manager (HR-EDC), Sri. L.HARIDAS Engineer (HR-
EDC), Sri, Syed Yousuf sir for giving this wonderful opportunity to do PROJECT
WORK/ INPLANT TRAINING at NTPC LIMITED and I am grateful to EDC
staff for their co-operation and encouragement.

Finally, we are thankful to all the staff and management of NTPC

Ramagundum for giving us this opportunity to undertake and complete this project.

We sincerely thank our respected

PRINCIPAL Sri.Dr.N.V.RAMANA

VICE PRINCIPAL Sri.Dr.N.V.S.RAJU

HOD MECHANICAL Smt.SHAILAJA.M

Introduction

PROJECTS OF N.T.P.C
COAL BASED

S.NO PROJECTS LOCATION APPROVED

CAPACITY
(MW)

1. Ramagundam Karimnagar(dist), 2600

T.G.
2. Korba Bilaspur , 2600
Chattisgarh
3. vindhyanchal Siddi, M.P 4260
4. Singrauli Singrauli, U.P 2000
5. Simhadri Vishakapatnam, A.P 2000

GAS BASED
S.NO PROJECTS LOCATION
APPROVED

CAPACITY
(MW)
1. Dadri Gaziabad, U.P. 817
2. Anta Baran, rajaesthan 413
3. Faridabad Haryana 430
4. Kawas Surat, Gujarath 645
5. Jhanor Gandha Baluch, Gujarth 648
6. Kayamkulam Allapuzha, kerala 400
7. Auralya Etawan, U.P 652
TOTAL 6,520

ISO CERTIFICATION
IN 1998, Ramagundam and Dadri projects have been awarded with “ISO
14001”
Certification for confirming to international standards of Environments
Managements Systems.
This certificates have been awarded by “LORDS REGISTER
QUALITYASSURANCE
(LRQA)”, a London based organization. This approves ISO
certifications worldwide.
 CORPORATE OBJETIVES
 To add generating capacity, within prescribed time & cost.
 To operate and maintain power station at high availability ensuring
minimum cost of generation.
 To develop appropriate commercial policy leading to remunerative
tariffs and minimum receivables.
 Maintain the financial soundness of the company managing the
financial operations in accordance with the good commercial
utility practices.
 To function as responsible corporate citizen and discharge social
responsibility in respect of environment protection and
rehabilitation. The corporation will strive to utilize the ash
produced at its station to the maximum extent possible through the
production of ash bricks and cement building materials, etc.
 To adopt appropriate human resources development policy leading
to creation of a team of motivated and competent power
professionals.
 To introduced, assimilate and attain self-sustaining in technology,
acquire expertise in utility management practices & to disseminate
knowledge essentially as a contribution to other constitutes of a
power sector in the country.
 To develop Research and Developments (R&M) for achieving
improved plant reliability.
 To expand the consultancy operations and to participate in ventures
abroad.
POWERFULL PERFORMENCE
Station accredited with ISO 14001 Certification for conforming to
international standards of environmental management system. The
station achieved by British Safety Council awarded for safety and the
runner – upward in environment protection from council of power
utility. Achieved “RAJ BASHA” awarded for the year 1998-99.
For the frist time, in N.T.P.C Featured in the 1997 edition of “LIMCA
BOOK OF RECORDS “ as the greatest thermal power supplier and frist
to construct the HVDC transmission line in the country.

POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Maintenance of ecological balance need for clean, pollution free
environment has always been a matter of prime concern at RDM.
RSTPS has spread number of its efforts to check pollution.
It has undertaken a number of such control measures as:-

 Installation of most advanced Electrostatic precipitators (ESP)

with 99.95% efficiency.
 Construction of a heavy stack (chimney) for effective disposal of
obnoxious gases and prevention of ground level fall out.
 Fugitive dust control in coal handling areas.
 Provision of well-designed ash ponds and effluents structures to
keep effluent wastes stipulated limits.
 Setting up of a sewage treatment plant.
 Tree plantation in ash pond to prevent ash from getting air borne.
 Massive forestation.

NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION

RAMAGUNDAM
 The Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station (RSTPS) is third in
the series of the super thermal power stations set up by the NTPC. The
foundation stone for the project was laid by the then Prime Minister of
India Morarji Desai on 14th November 1978. This thermal power station
at Ramagundam consists of three 200 MW units referred to as stage-1
and three 500 MW units referred to as stage-2, stage-3 consists of the
newly installed unit having a capacity of 500 MW. Stage-1 units were
commissioned in 1984 whereas stage-2 units in 1989. The stage-3 unit
was completed in 2004. Therefore the total capacity of the power plant
here is 2600 MW.

SITE SELETION
The Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is a pit head station in
the vicinity of the Godavari Coal fields of the Singareni Collieries. The
site is located in karimnagar district of Telangana. It is located south of
Godavari River and is close to TSGENCO power station. Extensive coal
reserves in the area and the abundant availability of water due to the
presence of Godavari River in the close proximity has made the area
natural choice for the location of this power station.

BRIEF DETAILS OF THE STATION ARE GIVEN

BELOW:-
 Station Ramagundam Super
Thermal Power Station

Location Jyothinagar, karimnagar

district (T.G)
Capacity 2600 MW; 7 Units
3x200 MW+4x500 MW
Land Details:
Plant Area 10000 In acres
Ash Dump Area 1200
Colony Area 1650
Balancing Reservoir 700
Power 4836
Canal 680
MGR and Railway 726
Siding 455
Hearting Soil
Others
Cooling Water: Sriram Sagar Project On
Sources Of Cooling Godavari River .
water Closed Cycle With
Method of Cooling Cooling Towers.

Cooling water 200 Cusecs

requirement
Sources of potable Godavari river
water
Requirement of water 11520 cu.m/day

INTRODUCTION TO THE FUNCTIONING OF A POWER

PLANT
 When coal is burnt heat energy is released and is given to water in the
boiler. The water is converted to steam. The steam conveys the heat to
the turbine where it does useful work. The heat energy in the steam is
released when it is allowed to flow through the turbine shaft. The
mechanical energy given by the steam to the turbine will cause the
generator rotor to turn. The generator rotor is a huge magnet turning will
cause the generator rotor to turn. The generator rotor is a huge magnet at
a very high speed inside a coil of wire thus producing electrical energy.
The conversion of heat energy to mechanical energy and electrical
energy. The conversion of heat energy to mechanical energy and
electrical is thermodynamically an inefficient process since the heat is
low grade energy. Almost 60% of the heat is rejected to atmosphere and
only about 40% is converted into useful work.
The main areas in the power plant station are:
1. Boilers and auxiliaries.
2. As Turbo-generator and auxiliaries.
3. Outdoor plants.
A. Coal handling plant.
B. Oil handing plant.
C. Water treatment plant.
D. Cooling water and general service water pump house.
E. Switch yard.

The station layout is designed with the following

considerations:
1. Proper flow of process fluids such as steam, condensate, air etc.
2. Countinuous supply of fules such as coal, oil.
3. Economy of floor space.
4. Ease of operation and maintenance.
5. Safety precautions.
6. Streamline locations of good appearance.

SALIENT FEATURES OF RAMAGUNDAM

SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION

1. Installed capacity : 2600 MW

2. Unit sizes : stage-I 3x200 MW
Stage-II 3x500 MW
Stage-III 1x500 MW
Stage-IV 2x800 MW. (Under construction)
3. Commissioning of units : Unit-1 October 1983
Unit-2 May 1984
Unit-3 December 1984
Unit-4 June 1988
Unit-5 March 1989
Unit-6 October 1989
Unit-7 September 2004

4. Location: Karimnagar district, Telangana.

5. Coal source: Singareni Collieries Ltd.
6. Water source: Sriram Sagar Dam.
7. Coal Consumption: Approximately 40,000 tones/day.
8. Water Consumption : Approximately 250 cusecs
9. Coal transportation : “Merry Go Round” system
10. Total land : 10,000 acres
11. Beneficiary states: Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, and
Pondicherry.
12. Grade of fuel: D & E Grade.
13. Average calorific value: 3850 kcal/kg.
 14. Ash content in coal : 35%

DEMINERALISATION OF WATER
NEED FOR DEMINERALISATION: Raw water contains various
dissolved salts & suspended solids. For use as feed in boiler these are to
be removed as they may get deposited in heat transfer zones thereby
restricting heat transfer & may lead to corrosion also. Typical DM Water
will have pH around 6.8, Conductivity < 0.2 umhos/cm, Silica<20 ppb
where as raw water is having conductivity ~ 350 & silica 165 ppm.
 RAW WATER
• SOURCE: Raw water of Godavari is taken from Pochampad Dam to
Balancing Reservoir from which the water is actually drawn for the
plant.
• Characteristics: In general our raw water has high dissolved solids
content & low suspended solids & is scaling in nature. Our water
contains comparatively higher colloidal silica (particles of size 10-4
cms to 10-7 cms)
RAW WATER CHARACTERSTICS
PARAMETER UNIT TYPICAL VALUE
pH - 8.4
Conductivity umhos/cm 350
Turbidity NTU <10
Calcium ppm as CaCO3 65
Magnesium ppm as CaCO3 50
Silica ppm as SiO2 15
Iron ppb 95
Sodium ppm as CaCO3 60
Potassium ppm as CaCO3 5
Sulphate ppm as CaCO3 22
Chloride ppm as CaCO3 25

TREATMENT OF RAW WATER

The raw water is converted to Demineralized water in two stages namely
Pretreatment & Ion Exchange.
PRE TREATMENT: This is done to remove suspended solids &
organic matter. The suspended solids are generally negatively charged
particles which are neutralized by positively charged ions of coagulant
e.g. Al+3 of alum. Treatment is achieved by allowing coagulation,
flocculation & sedimentation as sludge in a clarifier. Depending on the
nature of turbidity giving particles, proper coagulant strength & contact
time are the essential for proper treatment. Colloidal particles also get
trapped in flocs & get removed. This is best at PH ~6.5 - 7.0 & higher
retention time
For removing the organic matter chlorine as a biocide is dosed in
clarifier. It is essential to remove organic matter because it may lead to
fouling of ion exchange resin in DM Plant. Also the organic matter at
high temperature may get converted to CO2 & cause metal corrosion in
boiler system. To completely eliminate the organic matter a slight excess
of chlorine is dosed (~ 0.5 ppm at Clarifier O/l).
The clarified water so produced is passed through filter beds (Graded
Sand / Anthracite can be used) to remove any floating turbid matter. This
is called filtered water. This water is being used for drinking purpose &
for demineralization.

DEMINERALIZATION
Excess chlorine is removed in ACF. At ACF O/l Turbidity <0.1 NTU &
Free Cl2 <0.1ppm. The adsorbed chlorine is released by backwash
whenever Free Cl2 >0.1ppm or the end of rated cycle whichever is
earlier.
• After this the water enters the Cation regenerative type ion
exchanger resin beds (weak & strong) where the cations in water
are replaced with H+. Thus at the Strong cation O/l we have weak
& strong acids.
• R-H + NaCl ---------> RCl + HCl
• 2 R-H + CaSO4 ------> 2RCa + H2SO4
• 2R-H + 2CaHCO3------> 2RCa + 2H2CO3
• After exchange of cations, it is led to degasser. The bicarbonates
exchanged in cations form carbonic acid (H2CO3). In the degasser
the water is sprayed from top & stream of air (which has very less
CO2 content) is blown in counter direction. The C02 from H2CO3 is
released.
H2CO3 -------> H2O + O2
• The process is similar to removal of dissolved Oxygen in
Deaerator by using steam
• The degassed water is pumped through regenerative type anion ion
exchanger resin beds (weak & strong) where anions are replaced
with OH- & water is formed.
• R-OH + HCl -------> RCl + H20
• 2 R-OH + H2SO4-------> R2SO4 +2H20
At anion O/l, pH 8-9, Conductivity < 20 umhos/cm, Silica< 200
ppb will be achieved.
• There is a chance that at after completion of exchange through
cations & anions beds, some ions may slip through un-exchanged.
 These are exchanged in mixed bed which contains strong cation &
anion resin.
• At Mixed bed O/l the water has following parameter:
pH ~ 6.8 -7 , Conductivity < 0.2 umhos/cm,
Silica < 20 ppb.
• During the service the following parameters are monitored for
quality & optimizing chemical consumption:
Sample Parameter
Clarified water pH, Turbidity, Free Chlorine
ACF O/l Turbidity, Free Chlorine
Degasser O/l FMA, CO2
SBA O/l pH, Conductivity, Silica
MB O/l pH, Conductivity, Silica
• Stage 1 DM Plant was erected by DRIPLEX. Lewisite make macro
porous resin is used. There are 3 streams with maximum output
90 M3/hr. Output between regeneration is 1600 M3
• Stage 2 DM Plant was erected by Edgemont. Duo lite make gel
type resin is used. There are 3 streams with maximum output 130
M3/hr. Output between regeneration is 2200 M3
• There are 6 DM Water tank each 1500 M3.
• After completion of the rated cycle of production or any observed
deviation in the parameter the strong cation bed is regenerated with
5% HCl. The eluent of SAC during acid injection is used for
regenerating WAC. The anion beds are regenerated with 5%
NaOH. The eluent of SBA during alkali injection is used for
 regenerating WBA. All the effluent are collected in neutralization
pit where it is neutralized & disposed.
NEED FOR TREATMENT OF DM WATER
• The DM Water so produced is highly corrosive. Corrosion is
minimum in the pH range 8.8 to 9.2 whereas pH of DM Water is
7 .It is saturated with Oxygen which is around 8 ppm & it aids
corrosion.
In order to minimize corrosion it is imperative to treat this. At the initial
the internal surface in Boiler circuit is cleaned by alkali boil out & acid,
then it is passivated by Hydrazine & Ammonia to generate protective
coating of magnetite layer (Fe3O4). During service it is important to keep
this layer intact for containing corrosion. Basically there are 2 types of
treatment available for this.

BOILER WATER TREATMENT

All volatile treatment: In this only Hydrazine & Ammonia is used to
maintain the required pH, Dissolved Oxygen etc. Generally dosing is
done in Deaerator O/l. At Stage 1 we follow this method but by dosing
only Hydrazine.
Hydrazine works to protect & growth of magnetite layer, Oxygen
removal & it converts to Ammonia at higher temperature to maintain
pH.
Ammonia is used to maintain pH.
N2H4-----Fe--> Fe3O4
N2H4 + O2 -------> N2 + H2O
N2H4--->250 Deg C---> NH3
This treatment is suggested by ANSALDO.
Another treatment is Solid based treatment: This is achieved by
maintaining the drum pH by adding combination of Di-Sodium
Phosphate - Trisodium phosphate by way of coordinated phosphate
control method. Here also the pH & dissolved Oxygen control of the
steam water cycle is maintained by adding of Ammonia & Hydrazine in
the feed cycle at Deaerator O/l , CPU O/l . Provision also exists for wet
lay pump dosing directly to boiler drum in case of emergency to
maintain pH. This is suggested by BHEL to take care of any ingress of
foreign ions into the system. Phosphate will form a sludge with various
ions & can be blown out through CBD.
The limits of various parameters at Stage 1 are as follows:
PARAMETERS UNITS SAMPLES

CBD FEED SUPEHEATEDSTEAM

CONDENSATE

pH 8.7 - 9.3 8.5 – 9.3 8.8 – 9.3 8.7 – 9.2

Sp. Cond. mmhos/cm 10 5 5 5

Cation Cond. mmhos/cm - < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.3

Silica Ppm 0.2 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02

Hydrazine Ppm - 0.05- 0.150 - -

Ammonia Ppm - - < 0.6 < 0.6

Dissolved O2 Ppb - <5 - < 20

Chloride Ppb 120 - - -

Copper Ppb - 5 - 5

Iron Ppb - 10 - 10
The limits for various parameters Stage 2 are as follows:
• PARAMETERS UNITS SAMPLES

CBD FEED SATURATED SUPER HEATED

CONDENSATE

STEAM STEAM

• pH - 9.1 – 9.4 9.0 – 9.2 9.0 – 9.2 9.0 – 9.2 9.0–9.2

• Sp. Conductivity mmhos/cm 20 - - - -

• Cation Conductivity mmhos/cm - <0.2 < 0.2 <0.2 <0.2

• Phosphate PPM 1–2 - - - -

• Silica PPM < 0.1 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

• Hydrazine PPB - 10-2 - - -

• Ammonia PPM - - - - 1.0

• Dissolved Oxygen PPB - <5 - - < 40

• Chloride Ppb 500 - - - -

• Iron Ppb - 10 - 10 10

• Copper Ppb - 3 - 3 3

• Sodium ppb - - 5 5 5

• During service the CPU O/l is monitored for pH, Cation

Condensate Polishing units (CPU) containing regenerative type
ion exchange resin are provided at Stage 2 for
 Taking CRUD load of the system.
 Acting as a polisher for Condensate especially in case
of condenser leak.
 Faster stabilization during light up.
• Conductivity (max 0.1 umhos/cm), Chloride (max 3 ppb). The
service cycle of CPU consists `of H + cycle (when cations are
exchanged with H+) & NH3 cycle (when cations are exchanged
with NH4+).During the H+ cycle , dosing of Ammonia at CPU O/l is
essential to maintain the pH of the system.
 Possible reasons for Chemistry Excursion:
• Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sodium XXXX

Chloride XXXX

Sulphate XXXX X

Silicon XXXX

pH XXXX X X

Conductivity XXXX X

D.O XXX

TOC XXXX X

Na / PO4 X

Free Hydroxide X

Ammonia X

Phosphate X

Iron XX

1-Insufficient Boiler Blowdown, 2-Condenser Leak,

3- Condensate Polisher 4- Make up Deminelizer
5- Phosphate Feed System 6- Ammonia Feed System
7- Hydrazine Feed System 8- Air Ingress
9- Dearator 10.-Feed water D.O
11-Feed water pH 12-Polisher Resin Leak

Boiler Tube Failure can result from (as per EPRI):

• Improper boiler chemistry / poor feed water.
• Short term overheating & long term creep/ starvation of tubes.
• Operation with known boiler tube / Condenser leakage.
• Operation with over firing / excessive flue gas velocity/ high
furnace temperature.
• Inadequate layup protections
• Drum level fluctuations
• Fly ash / soot blower erosion
• Insufficient boiler blow down, non-operation of low point drains &
Deaerator pegging especially during startup.
• Improper preservation of boiler during shut downs etc.
BOILER WATER CHEMISTRY
• Welding failure / improper weld/ dissimilar metal weld.
• Material defect / use of improper material during overhaul / repair
• Use of excessive force to remove boiler ash deposit.
• Tubing distorted or out of alignment resulting in stress areas.
• Pulverizes / Mill fineness out of specifications.
• Burners out of alignment
• Soot blowers out of service due to need for maintenance.
• Metal weld pieces / debris left after weld going inside tube / drum.
• Improper Boiler tube thickness survey periodically / NDT survey
(after welds / during overhauls).
Preservation of boiler:
• Up to 3 days: pH 9.5 , Hydrazine 10 ppm
• > 3 days &<10 days : pH 10, Hydrazine 50 ppm
• Up to one month: pH 10, Hydrazine 200 ppm.
• Positive pressure of 1 - 2 Kg has to be maintained.
• Above parameters to be monitored daily once.
Start up after overhaul:
Steam purity to be ensured before admitting to turbine by:
• Condensate dumping (Ensure Condensate purity)
• Operation of LP drains(Removal of debris / crud etc)
• DE aerator pegging with steam: Removal of Oxygen is effective
above 150 0 C by Hydrazine
N2H4+O2---> N2 +2H2O
Else 3N2H4 ----> 4NH3 + N2
• EBD operation (removal of suspended other solids from drum /
prevent carry over)
• Following the pressure restriction w.r.to silica.
Shut down:
• Shut down as per OEM / guidelines
• Forced cooling should be avoided.
• All vents & drains of Super heaters & Reheaters should be
operated when drum pressures comes down to ~ 3Kg/cm 2 to avoid
stagnant condensate in these area resulting in corrosion.
0
• Water wall & Economiser draining may be carried out 100 C
below drum metal temperature.
 BOILER WATER TREATMENT
• At Stage 1 the Generator rotor & stator is cooled by Hydrogen. In
Stage 2 the rotor is cooled by hydrogen & stator windings by DM
Water. The Hydrogen gas is monitored for purity & dew point.
• The stator cooling is done by treated DM Water. The pH is
maintained by auto dosing of NaOH solution via alkaliser. In
addition the Stator cooling system consist of filters & Stator
polishing unit to take care of any ingress of impurity. Monitoring is
done for pH, Conductivity, Copper, Iron, dissolved Oxygen.
Removal of D.O is done as per Henrys law in an expansion tank by
purging using extra pure N2.
CIRCUALTING WATER SYSTEM
• Heat is dissipated from condenser, by circulation of cooling water.
We are having open recirculation type CW system. As the
circulating water absorbs heat from the condenser & dissipates the
heat in cooling tower, only the pure water evaporates leaving the
salts behind. Hence over a period of time the circulating water gets
concentrated.
• This is expressed in terms of COC (Cycle of Concentration). COC
is the ratio of concentration of reference ion in the system to
concentration of reference ion in raw water. If Concentration of
Mg in CW is 100 PPM & that in raw in 50 PPM. The COC is
2.Similarly the COC can be determined by knowing the
concentration of Magnesium, Chloride & SiO2 etc.
• As the COC increases, the concentration of salts & organic matter
increases. This severely enhances the scaling & bio-fouling
tendency. In general the solubility increases with increase of
temperature.
• In case of Calcium Carbonate solubility decreases with increase of
temperature. & tend to deposit as scales in tubes even at 35 Deg C.
This is more pronounced in case of RSTPS, the raw water pH~8.5
 & high Ca content & hence scaling nature. To control CaCO 3 from
depositing organophosphate is being continuously dosed. This will
keep CaCO3 in dissolved form.
• Dosing of Chlorine as a biocide is done to contain bio-fouling.
However at higher pH its effectiveness as biocide is reduced. It is
max at pH ~ 7- 8.
CIRCULATING WATER TREATMENT
• For treatment of water, various treatments are available e.g. use of
softeners, LWTP etc. At our project we have Liquid Waste
Treatment Plant with following advantages:
 Conserving fresh water, as blow down shall be minimal & make
up will be minimal.
 Operation at high COC possible without scaling problem.
 Effective chlorination, lesser problem of bio-fouling,
microbiological fouling etc.
• LWTP is basically a side stream filtration system, in which ~ 2 %
of the CW water is drawn & passed through sand filters & put back
to system. Simultaneously, sulphuric acid is dosed in the channel to
bring the pH~8. The advantage of this is that the CaCO3 gets
converted to CaSO4. Solubility of CaSO4 is very high as compared
to CaCO3. So system can hold more sulphate than carbonate,
hence high COC is possible. To keep the salts in dissolved form
organophosphonate is dosed which sequesters the Ca & not
allowing it to get deposited.
• After completion of PG test, LWTP is in operation with COC ~3.7
at stage 2.
 Effluent Treatment Plant
• To conserve water & meet the PCB norms on effluent discharge
the effluent treatment plant was brought up at RSTPS.As our raw
water is having high Calcium content, the coal in this area is also
having high Calcium content. Due to this ash water pH is 11-12.
Ash water cannot be used be directly for further handling of ash
because it is already saturated with Calcium.
• There is a need for treatment of this ash water. In effluent treatment
plant water from CHP area, Ash pond overflow & main plant
effluent is treated.
• Effluent of CHP is led to Coal Slurry settling pond (CSS) where
coal particles settle. The clear water is taken to Central Monitoring
bay where main plant drain mixes. This water is pumped to
clarifier I/l where ash water comes by gravity from ash pond. In
the reactive clarifier water gets clarified.
• At the O/l of the clarifier, Hydrochloric acid is dosed to maintain
pH~8.The clear water is used for ash handling or let out as
effluent. The sludge of clarifier is led to sludge thickener.
• The clear water is led to drain & sludge sent to ash slurry pp house
sump St1.
• Now MPDT (Main Plant drain treatment) is added to ETP. Here
the TSS of main plant effluent will be treated by dosing coagulant
& allowing settlement in tube settlers. Water shall be drawn from
Central monitoring bay & after clarification sent back to bay.
• Total water recycled in ETP (2001-02):
41217385 M3 (4700 M3/Hr).

Environmental Parameters
• Stack Emission: As per the latest consent order of APPCB, the
limits are:
• SPM: 115 mg/NM3 (earlier 150 mg/NM3 )
• SOx & NOx: No limit specified. However chimney height 225
Mtrs is specified for greater dispersion & distribution of emission.
• Ambient air: As per the latest consent order of APPCB, the
present limits are as per residential area norms instead of industrial
area norms earlier:
SPM: 200 ug/M3 (Earlier 500 ug/M3)
RPM: 100 ug/M3 (Earlier no limit specified).
SOx: 80 ug/M3 (Earlier 120 ug/M3)
NOx: 80 ug/M3 (Earlier 120 ug/M3)
• Fortnight monitoring in-house is being done for all these
parameters.