Process Instrumentation

Diagram
• The Process Instrumentation Diagram or Piping and
Instrumentation (P&ID) refers to the detailed drawing of plant
layout that includes pictorial representation of entire piping and
instrumentation blocks used in a plant.

• Standardized by American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

and Instrument Society of America (ISA).

• P&ID developed for detailed design construction and operation of

plant of process plant
• P& ID Information

• Plant equipment and vessels showing location, capacity,

pressure, liquid level operating range, usage and so on

• All interconnection lines distinguishing between the types of

interconnection, i.e. gas or electrical and operating range of line

• All motors giving voltage and power and other relevant

information

• Instrumentation showing location of instrument, its major

function, process control loop number, and range
• P& ID Information

• Control valves giving type of control, type of valve, type of

valve action, fail save features, and flow plus pressure
information

• The ranges for all safety valves, pressure regulators,

temperatures, and operating ranges

• All sensing devices, recorders, and transmitters with control

loop numbers
• P&ID can run into multiple sheets as it is not always
possible to code them all in a single sheet.

• Each drawing should have a part list and that should be

properly numbered.

• It should also have an area for revisions, notes and

approval signature. More importantly they should always
be up-to-date.
• Interconnection Symbols
Bold line – Primary flow
Normal line – Secondary Flow

Secondary Line Representation

AS: Air supply

HS: Hydraulic supply
WS: Water supply
ES : Electric supply
NS : Nitrogen supply
GS: Gas supply
SS : Steam supply
Method of indicating the signal content of a line

Symbols for instrument line interconnection.

Instrument that are field mounted

Sensors or instrument that are mounted on process plant or pipeline

Instrument that are board mounted/ control board
Instrument that are board mounted but
inaccessible
Shared display or control
Instrument Identification letter
 Instrument Identification letter

First Letter
First letter indicates a measured or initiating variable, or a
modifier, such as Current (I), Speed (S) or Flow (F).
Measured or Initiating Variable Modifier
•A - Analysis •Q - Quantity D - Differential
•B - Burner, combustion •R - Radiation F - Ration (fraction)
•C - User's choice •S - Speed, frequency J - Scan
•D - User's choice •T - Temperature K - Time rate of change
•E - Voltage •U - Multivariable M - Momentary
•F - Flow rate •V - Vibration, mechanical Q - Integrate, totalizer
•G- User's choice analyses S - Safety
•H - Hand •W - Weight, force X - X-axis
•I - Current (electrical) •X - Unclassified Y - Y-axis
•J - Power •Y - Event, state or presence Z - Z-axis
•K - Time, time schedule •Z - Position, dimension
•L - Level
•M- User's choice
•N- User's choice
•O- User's choice
•P - Pressure, vacuum
 Instrument Identification letter
Second or Succeeding Letters
Second or succeeding letters indicates a readout or passive function, output function or a modifier function.

Readout or Passive Function Output Function Modifier Function

•A - Alarm •B - User's choice •B - User's choice

•B - User's choice •C - Control •H - High
•E - Sensor (primary element) •K - Control Station •L - Low
•G- Glass, viewing device •N- User's choice •M - Middle, intermediate
•I - Indication •S - Switch •N- User's choice
•L - Light •T - Transmit •U - Multifunction
•N- User's choice •U - Multifunction •X - Unclassified
•O- Orifice, restriction •V - Valve, damper, louver
•P - Point (test connection) •X - Unclassified
•R - Record •Y - Relay, compute, convert
•U - Multifunction •Z - Driver, actuator
•W - Well
•X - Unclassified
 Instrument Identification letter

Flowmeter - Indicating
FI 001

Temperature - Transmitter
TT 001

Control Valve
FV 001

Position Switch - High Level

ZSH 001