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Objective Questions
enzyme 1 enzyme 2
Starch Maltose Glucose
Which of the following accurately describes the enzymes involved in this process?
Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2
A Amylase Lipase
B Amylase Maltase
C Lipase Pepsin
D Amylase Ptyalin
3 Among the elements that are found in mineral salts, which of the following
element’s importance to humans is true?
Element Importance
A Iodine Synthesis of hormones
B Iron Blood clotting
C Sodium Synthesis of antibodies
D Calcium Formation of bones and teeth
1
5 Which of the following is represented by Figure 1?
Figure 1
A DNA
B Gene
C Nucleotides
D Nucleic acid
2
9 Enzymes are required by living things for
I food digestion
II DNA formation
III the entry of water into the cell through osmosis
IV the entry of salt into the cell through diffusion
A I and II only
B I, II and III only
C I, III and IV only
D I and III only
11 Figure 2 shows a part of the DNA molecular structure. J, K, L and M are the basic
units in the DNA molecule.
Figure 2
Which of the following is represented by J, K, L and M?
J K L M
A Sugar Base Phosphate Phosphate
B Phosphate Base Sugar Phosphate
C Base Sugar Base Phosphate
D Phosphate Sugar Base Base
3
Structured Question
The DNA molecule contains genes, which are the basic hereditary unit and can be
passed on from the parent to the child. Figure 1 shows a part of a deoxyribose nucleic
acid double helix molecule (DNA).
Figure 1
(b) The DNA molecule is built from basic molecules such as those shown in the
figures below.
(i) What is the name of the basic molecule that forms the DNA?
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(ii) Based on the basic DNA molecule diagram, what it’s the structure that
differentiates between the different types of molecules?
(iii) In the DNA molecule, the basic molecules are paired. Draw a pair of basic
DNA molecule.
Essay Question
(a) Explain the characteristics of enzymes that influence the action of the enzyme.
(b) Describe one experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the action
of a named enzyme.
5
Answers
Objective Questions
1 C 7 D
2 B 8 B
3 D 9 A
4 D 10 D
5 C 11 D
6 B
Structured Question
(a) (i) Nucleus
(ii) DNA consists of 2 polynucleotide chains that are coiled together
(c) Gene
Essay Question
(a) • Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions but are not changed at the end of the
experiment. As such, enzymes are required only in small quantities in the
body.
• The action of the enzymes is specific, that is each enzyme only catalyses
the reaction that involves certain substrates.
• Enzymes exhibit protein characteristics such as being sensitive towards
changes in temperature. Enzymes are destroyed at a temperature of 60°C and
the enzymatic action is stopped. At a low temperature of 10°C, the enzymatic
action is slow. Enzymes react at the maximum level at the optimum
temperature.
• The enzymatic action is influenced by the medium pH. Each enzyme
reacts at the maximum level at its optimum pH.
• The same enzyme catalyses the reverse reaction.
amylase
Example: Starch + water maltose
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(b) Purpose: To study the effect of temperature on the enzyme activity
Apparatus/Material: -
Procedure:
1 5 ml of saliva is collected and diluted by adding 5 ml of distilled water into
a small beaker.
2 Test tubes labelled P, Q, R, S and T are prepared. 5 ml of starch suspension
is poured into each test tube.
3 Each test tube is placed in the water bath at temperatures of 5°C, 28°C,
37°C, 45°C and 60°C.
4 After that, 1 ml of saliva solution is added into each test tube and the
stopwatch is started immediately. The content of each tube is stirred and a
drop of the contents is removed at 1 minute intervals to be tested with iodine
solution. This step is repeated until the iodine solution does not change
colour.
Result:
Time
Test (minute) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
tube Temperature
P 5
Q 28
R 37
S 45
T 60
Conclusion:
The action of the enzyme is influenced by temperature. Enzymatic action is
slow at low temperatures, and increases with the increase in temperature until
37°C. The enzymatic action is at the maximum at 37°C. After 37°C, the
enzymatic action decreases and stops at 60°C.