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Language is human speech either spoken or written. Language makes it possible for
people to talk and to write to each other; to express their thoughts and ideas to each other.
Language is, therefore, a medium for communication and a tool for thinking
(Nasar,1980:52).
There are so many languages in this world, and English is one of them. It is used as an
international language, and it has an important role in the world. We can prove it in our life.
If we know English well, we will know about the development that happens in this world.
Language skills consist of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Regarding the four
skills, the writer chooses, one of the skills that is to become the topic of her study. Reading
is one of important materials in the curriculum both as objective and the means of learning
the language. While the reading comprehension means that the reader should comprehend the
information directly and indirectly from the text.
Reading is even regarded both as objective refers to the final goal of the learning
English in high school, that is to be able to read letter in higher education. Whereas reading
as a means of learning a language refers to the fact that, through reading, language learners
can learn the structure of English, vocabulary and pronunciation, as well as the use of
language in which learners use English in discussing materials. The text books used in the
schools contain reading passages that are followed by exercises. This in turn will help the
students develop other language skills.
Considering the discussion above, the writer tries to make a study on reading
comprehension at SMA Swasta Beringin kupang, with the title: A STUDY ON READING
COMPREHENSION ABILITY OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA
BERINGIN KUPANG IN THE YEAR 2015/2016.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
The questions that will be answered in this study are as follows:
1. Are the students of SMA Swasta Beringin Kupang able to understand what they read?
2. What is the ability level of the students in understanding a reading text.
1. To find out the whether the students of SMA Swasta Beringin Kupang are able to
understand a reading text or not.
2. To find out the students level to ability in comprehending a reading text.
1. For teacher : this study will inform the teachers of English about their students ability in
reading comprehension, so that they can improve the method of teaching English
particularly in teaching reading.
2. For writer : through this study the writer could know more about reading
comprehension and how to evaluate a reading comprehension ability.
In this section the writer would like to give the definition of term that may help readers
understand as a whole.
1. Reading.
2. Ability.
3. Comprehension.
a. Hornby (2008) defines understanding as knowing the meaning of importance or
cause of something.
b. According to Crowell (2000), comprehension involves understanding the words
on the page together with understanding of ideas being expressed by the writer.
4. Reading Comprehension.
In this study the capacity of eleventh grade students of SMA Swasta Beringin
Kupang to comprehend the reading text.
In this chapter writer would like to present some related topics which concern with
this study: definitions of Reading Comprehension, review of previous related studies and
Research model.
2.1 Concept of Reading
Webster (1990) say that reading is particular interpretation of something. Reading can be
reviewed from three points, namely, materials, process and product. On the basis of materials,
reading is activity of deciding information from the author by the reader. Reading is process,
because there is a transfer of information in it. In this process, reading employ’s a reader’s
background experience, linguistic competence, and conceptual framework, in processing the
information while as a product, reading affect information getting. It means that, the more the
reader reads the more the reader gets.
Reading is an activity of contacting the eyes on printed material by which a reader is led
to record the information for the brain to process and create a new similar text to that of the
original one (Anderson, 1984).
Comprehension is the process by which a person understands the meaning of the written
or spoken language (Richard, 2006).
Reading comprehension is the process of using syntactic, semantic and rhetorical
information found in printed text to reconstruct in the reader’s mind using the knowledge of
the world he or she process, ability, a hypothesis, or personal explanation, wich may account
for intended message that existed in writer’s mind as the printed text was prepared (Devine,
1986).
2.1.1 The Purpose of Reading Comprehension
Grabe et al (2002:13) state that there are some purpose of reading:
Reading to learn is usually carried out at a reading rate somewhat slower than general
reading comprehension (primarily due to reading and reflection strategies to help
remember information).
Skimming
It is the specific reading technique in order to get the gist of the written text, to know how
it is organized or to get on idea of the tone or intension of the writer. Skimming is
therefore a more through activity which requires an overall view of the text and implies a
definite reading competence.
Scanning
It is the specific reading techniques that the reader only tries to locate specific information,
such as: birth date, location, name…..
Scanning is far more limited since it only means retrieving what information is relevant to
our purpose.
Extensive Reading Types
Reading longer text: usually for one’s own pleasure. This is a fluency activity mainly
involving global understanding.
Intensive Reading.
Reading shorter texts to extract specific information. This is more an accuracy activity
involving reading for detail.
1) Survey
Surveying brings to mind what the students already know about the topic of a chapter and
prepares them for learning more. To survey a chapter, read the title introduction, heading
and summary or conclusion. By surveying a chapter, the students will quickly learn what the
chapter is about.
2) Question
Students need to have question in their mind as they read. Question give them a purpose
for reading and help them stay focused on the reading assignment. From questions by
changing each chapter reading into a questions.
3) Read
Student read the information that follow each heading to find the answer to each
questions formed. As student do this they may decide they need to change a question a turn
in to several questions to be answered.
4) Write
Students, write each question and its answers in their notebook. Reread each of their
written answer to be sure each answer is legible and contains all the important information
needed to answer the question.
I. General Strategy Discussion
In general, reading strategies are defined. The teacher explains and the class discusses
why learning and practicing strategies are important. There following three points are
examples:
Strategies help to improve reading comprehension as well as efficiency in
reading.
By using strategies, student will be able in the way that expert readers do.
Strategies help readers to process the text actively to monitor their comprehension
and to connect what they are reading to their own knowledge and to other parts of
the text.
Teacher modeling
A second important feature of strategy introduction is regular teacher modeling of
expert behavior. Teacher reads aloud. A short of the text and as the teacher does
do so, teacher thinks aloud. Teacher exposes several subject strategies, as asking
question, quizzing retelling, etc.
Student reading
Teacher also encourages students to read and think aloud from the very
beginning, though the expects that familiarly with this process will take time.
Reading and thinking aloud present a very high cognitive load for the readers, yet
not an impossible one. The reader can be heard predicting and checking the
correctness of her predictions.
a) Literal Reading
In this level the readers remember details, note mind ideas, which directly stated or
this skills enables the reader to take out of the information that explicitly stated the
reading text.
b) Interpretative Reading
It is the level in which the reader is expected to discover the author, draw conclusion
from what is written, and find the main ideas and cause and effect relationship when the
factors are stated. The reader must concentrate fully on the reading passage in order can
get out the message of its author because the information is implicitly in the text.
c) Critical Reading
At this point, the student are expected to determine if a statement is a fact is a opinion.
d) Creative Reading
This level enables the reader to use the printed matter to solve problem, make value
judgments regarding action of characters, and draw conclusion about what they have
done.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter the writers want to discuss about research design, subject of the study,
instrument, and procedures.
3.1 Research Design
The purpose of the study is to measure and to identify reading comprehension ability
of the eleventh grade students of SMA Swasta Beringin Kupang, therefore the suitable method
used in this study is the descriptive survey method. The descriptive survey method is a method
used to canvass the present condition of something. It is a range of activities that describe
systematically the fact and characteristics of a given population or area of interest, factually and
accurately.
3.3 Instrument
In obtaining the data the writer will prepare reading comprehension test. Its consist of
one passage and respondents are asked to answer the question or do the exercises, which are
related to the passage. The test consist of two kinds they are multiple choice consisting of 25
items (test A), essay test consisting of 5 items (test B).
The test as a whole covers 30 items. The time allocation for the test is 90 minutes.
3.5 Procedures
The steps used in collecting the data cover two mind procedures they are data gathering and data
analysis, the procedures and detail are presented below: