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C)
1. Adv. C of Time
Conjunction-nya: when (= ketika), whenever (= kapan saja), while
(= sementara / ketika), as soon as (= segera setelah), since (=
sejak), before (= sebelum), after (= sesudah), until / till (= sampai).
Contoh:
▪ He came in when I was typing.
Keterangan:
He came in …: Main Clause / Independent Clause.
… when I was typing: Sub(ordinate) Clause / Dependent Clause.
▪ I have been busy since I last saw you.
▪ I left just as he entered.
2. Adv. C of Place
Conjunction-nya: where (= dimana), wherever (= dimana saja /
kemana saja), as far as (= sejauh).
Contoh:
▪ I put the flash disk where I found it.
▪ I shall go wherever you go.
▪ I shall come as far as I can.
3. Adv. C of Manner
Conjunction-nya: as (= seperti), as if / as though (= seolah-olah).
Contoh:
▪ Pronounce the word as I do.
▪ She talks as if she knew everything.
▪ He behaves as if he were a manager.
Catatan:
Like (= seperti) diikuti oleh kata atau phrase bukan clause /
kalimat.
Contoh:
Don’t talk like (= seperti) that. (Simple Sentence)
Jika ada like yang diikuti clause / kalimat, pemakaiannya tidak
baku dan terdapat dalam American English.
Contoh:
Pronounce the word like (= seperti) I do.
4. Adv. C of Cause / Reason
Conjunction-nya: because, as, since, now that, seeing that,
considering that, in that (= karena).
Contoh:
▪ As / since there was no one there, I went away.
▪ He was absent from work because he was sick. (Complex
Sentence)
Catatan:
Because dan syinonimnya di atas diikuti oleh clause / kalimat
bukan kata atau phrase tetapi because of dan syinonimnya,
yaitu on account of, owing to, by reason of, dan due to diikuti
oleh kata atau phrase bukan kalimat.
Contoh:
He was absent from work because of (= karena) his sickness.
(Simple Sentence)
5. Adv. C of Concession
Conjunction-nya: although, though, even though, in spite of the
fact that, for all that, notwithstanding (the fact that) (= meskipun).
Contoh:
▪ He went out in spite of the fact that the weather was bad.
Catatan:
In spite of the fact that dan syinonimnya di atas diikuti oleh
clause / kalimat bukan phrase tetapi in spite of dan synonimnya,
yaitu despite dan for all diikuti oleh phrase bukan clause /
kalimat.
Contoh:
He went out in spite of the bad weather.
6. Adv. C of Condition
Conjunction-nya: jika (= jika), unless (= jika tidak / kecuali kalau),
on condition that, / provided that / providing that / as long as /
so long as (= asalkan).
Contoh:
▪ Type I (untuk waktu yang akan datang)
If I find your pen, I shall give it to you.
Verb 1 (V 1) V1
▪ Type II (untuk waktu sekarang)
If I found your pen, I should give it to you.
V2 V1
▪ Type III (untuk waktu lampau)
If I had found your pen, I should have given it to you.
V3 V3
(= Had I found your pen, I should have given it to you)
V3 V3
Contoh yang lain:
▪ Type I (untuk waktu yang akan datang)
If I have much money, I shall buy a laptop for you.
V1 V1
▪ Type II (untuk waktu sekarang)
If I had much money, I should buy a laptop for you.
V2 V1
Keterangan:
… had … kata kerja penuh / V 2 yang berarti mempunyai.
▪ Type III (untuk waktu lampau)
If I had had much money, I should have bought a laptop for you.
V3 V3
(= Had I had much money, I should have bought a laptop for you)
V3 V3
Keterangan:
Had yang pertama kata kerja bantu, dan had yang kedua kata
kerja penuh / V 3 yang berarti mempunyai.
Catatan:
Jika ada kata kerja penghubung be yang digunakan dalam Adv.
C yang type II, kata kerja penghubung be-nya were.
Contoh:
If He were here, we should be happy. (Type II)
▪ Unless he does the work, he will not be paid.
▪ I will accept the job offer provided that I am provided with fringe
benefits.
7. Adv. C of Contingency
Conjunction-nya: in case (= kalau kalau)
Contoh:
▪ He wore two watches in case either of them stopped.
8. Adv. C of Purpose
Conjunction-nya: so that (= sehingga), in order that, (= agar /
supaya), dan lest (= agar tidak).
Dalam Adv. C of Purpose, setelah subyek digunakan might / may,
should / shall, would / will, dan could / can.
Contoh:
▪ I have written it very clearly so that they can read it very easily.
▪ He ran quickly in order that he might be late.
▪ She went to the theatre early in order that she might get a seat.
(Complex Sentence)
Keterangan:
In order that diikuti clause / kalimat bukan kata atau phrase
tetapi bila in order tidak diikuti oleh that, in order dapat diikuti
oleh to infinitive.
Contoh:
She went to the theatre early in order / so as (= agar) to get a
seat. (Simple Sentence)
He ran quickly in order (= agar) not to be late (= tidak terlambat).
(Simple Sentence)
1. I HAVE NO MONEY. I will not go. (2 Simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama, yaitu I)
HAVING NO MONEY, I will not go.
(= Because I have no money, I will not go.)
2. I HAVE NO MONEY. I will go. (2 Simple Sentence dengan 2 subject yang sama, yaitu I)
HAVING NO MONEY, I will go.
( = Although I have no money, I will go.)
3. I HAVE NO MONEY. I cannot do much. (2 simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama,
yaitu I)
HAVING NO MONEY, I cannot do much.
(= IF I have no money, I cannot do much.)
4. I HAVE NO MONEY. I must buy this book. (2 simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama,
yaitu I)
HAVING NO MONEY, I must buy this book.)
(= While I have no money, I must buy this book.)
5. WE HAD NOTHING TO DO. We went home. (2 Simple Sentences dengan subject yang
sama, yaitu WE)
HAVING NOTHING TO DO, We went home.
(= As we had nothing to do, we went home.)
6. HE WAS SICK. He didn’t go to school. (2 Simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama, yaitu
HE)
BEING SICK, he didn’t go to school.
(= Because he was sick, he didin’t go to school.)
7. MY FATHER WAS SICK. I didn’t go to school. (2 Simple Sentence dengan subject yang tidak
sama. Subject kalimat pertama MY FATHER dan subject kalimat kedua I)
MY FATHER BEING SICK, I didn’t go to school.
(= because my father was sick, I didn’t go to school.)
8. THEY WERE IMPRESSED BY THE YOUNG MAN’S QUALIFICATIONS. They offered
him a good job. (2 Simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama, yaitu THEY. Kalimat pertama
kalimat pasif dan kalimat kedua kalimat aktif.)
IMPRESSED BY THE YOUNG MAN’S QUALIFICATIONS, They offered him a good job.
(= Because they were impressed by the young man’s qualification, they offered him a job.)
9. SHE WAS TALKING IN THE PARK. She suddenly had a heart attack. (2 Simple Sentences
dengan subject yang sama, yaitu SHE.)
WALKING IN THE PARK, she suddenly hahd a heart attack.
(= While she was walking in the park, she suddenly had a heart attack.)
10. HE DID NOT KNOW THE ANSWER OF THE TEST ITEM. He asked his teacher a
question. (2 Simple Sentences dengan subject yang sama, yaitu SHE. Kalimat pertama kalimat
negatif.)
NOT KNOWLING THE ANSWER OF THE TEST ITEM, he asked his teacher a question.
(= Because they did not know the answer of the test item, he asked his teacher a question.)