7/29/2019 Difference Between Parenchyma Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma Cells (with Comparison Chart) - Bio Differences

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Di erence Between Parenchyma, Collenchyma

and Sclerenchyma Cells
November 13, 2018 By Rachna C — Leave a Comment

Parenchyma cells are the type of living plant cells, which are known for healing
and repair mechanism, and food storage. Collenchyma cells are known for
providing mechanical support to the plants, by protecting the delicate inner part of
the plant. Sclerenchyma cells are the matured dead cells and are found in
wooden part or hard stem of the plant.

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Likewise the humans, who have bones to support their body structure, plants also
have certain specialized tissues which help them, by providing support to their
structure, protecting the inner parts, giving strength, etc. These three tissues
(Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma) are considered as the ground
tissues of the plants and are known to provide mechanical strength to the plant
right from its growing stage to lifelong.

Apart from the above-mentioned points, plant tissues also help in the division of
the new cells, and in growing of the new plants. It also helps in various metabolic
activities. They also help the tissues of the leaf, stems, and branches in bending and
protect from the damage.

Tissues are formed from the group of cells performing a specialized function.
Plant are also multicellular organisms, containing numerous cells and each one is
assigned for the specific activity. Generally, there are two types of plant tissues,
these are Meristematic and Permanent tissues. The permanent tissues are
again divided into simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissues.

In this article, we will be focussing about the three types of simple permanent
tissues, which are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma tissues. We will
also discuss the ground point on which they differentiate.

Content: Parenchyma Vs Collenchyma Vs Sclerenchyma

Cells
1. Comparison Chart
2. Definition
3. Key Differences
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7/29/2019 Difference Between Parenchyma Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma Cells (with Comparison Chart) - Bio Differences

4. Conclusion

Comparison Chart

BASIS FOR
PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
COMPARISON

Meaning The living plant The type of living The hard and outer
cells are plant cells part of the stem is
originating from originating from made up of the
ground and the pro-cambium. sclerenchyma cells.
protoderm The epidermal These are the dead
meristem. These layers of the plant plant cells which
type of cells are are made of originate from
most abundantly collenchyma cell. ground meristem
found in plants and protoderm
tissue. procambium.

Found in These type of These cells are It is found in mature

cells are present found in specific parts of the plants or
in every soft part part of the plant trees.
of the plant. like leaves, stems,
and petioles.

Type of cell Unspecialized Specialized cells Specialized, matured

and living cells. and living cells. and dead cells.

Cell Shape There are various Elongated cells are Sclereids, elongated
shapes of the present. and fibre shape.
cells, but
generally, they
are isodiametric.

Cell wall Thin cell wall Uneven cell wall. Hard and thick cell
present. wall present.

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7/29/2019 Difference Between Parenchyma Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma Cells (with Comparison Chart) - Bio Differences

BASIS FOR
PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA
COMPARISON

The cell wall is The cell wall is The cell wall is made
made up of made up of pectin up of lignin.
cellulose. and hemicellulose.

Intercellular Present. Less space is Absent and so cells

space between present between are tightly packed.
the cells the cells.

Function Parenchyma cells Collenchyma cells Sclerenchyma cells

help in storage of provide provide mechanical
foods, in gaseous mechanical support to the plant.
exchange, and in support and It also supports
photosynthesis. elasticity to the transportation of
plant. water and nutrients
to the plants.

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De nition of Parenchyma
Parenchyma is the most simple tissues made up of living cells and forming the thin
layer called as primary cell wall of the plant. Parenchyma is taken from the
Greek word “Parenchyma”, meaning ‘something poured in beside’. In plants,
parenchyma cells are widely distributed all over and occur as continuous mass
from the stems to roots, leaves, fruits.

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Parenchyma cells are responsible for generating many other specialised cells
and tissues. Structurally they are isodiametric in shape as they have thin cell walls,
due to which they face force and pressure around the walls of the cells and in this
condition, the cell increases its volume capacity, in order to equalize the pressure
all over the cells.

The walls of the cells are mainly composed of the hemicellulose and cellulose. The
parenchyma cells are abundant in organelles like ribosomes, Golgi bodies,
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Chloroplast and other content like pigments, starch, fats,
proteins. These contents provide the nutrients to the germinating embryo.

Due to their cellular structure, parenchyma plays multiple roles in different parts of
the plants. Some of the chief function of the parenchyma cells are storage,
transporting, gas exchange, protection, photosynthesis, repairing the damaged
tissues and in generating other specialised cells. Thus, parenchyma cells play a vital
role in the overall development of the plant, throughout its life.

De nition of Collenchyma
Collenchyma cells are known as for providing the structural support to the cell.
They are also living cells, having thick cell walls. The cell walls of the collenchyma
cells are composed of the pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose and. The cells have a
prominent nucleus with other organelles.

Collenchyma also stores food, prevents the tearing of leaves, it also performs the
function of photosynthesis. Collenchyma cells push the plant’s organs for
elongation and growth.

These cells are absent in monocots, and even in roots of all the plants, though it is
present in the dicot leaves above petiole, leaf veins and midrib. There are three
different types of collenchyma cells, which are angular, lacunar, and lamellar.

De nition of Sclerenchyma
As we discussed that sclerenchyma is said as the dead tissues of the plants because
it comprises of the hardwood. The secondary walls of the matured sclerenchyma

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cells are densely thick and contain lignin and hemicellulose. These types of cells are
hard, non-growing and non-stretchable and are present in mature stems or bark.

Sclerenchyma is found in many different sizes and shapes, but sclereids and fibres
are of main types. Sclereids are found in tissues like xylem, phloem, pith, cortex
and periderm. This cell also contributes to the hard covering of nuts and fruits and
other seeds too.

Fibres support the plants, as these are elongated cells present in bulk in every part
of the plant. Some types of fibres such as leaf, seeds hairs are economically
important also as they are used as woven and textile materials.

Key Di erences Between Parenchyma,

Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma
Given below points will differentiate the three types of ground tissues
present in plants, which are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma:

1. Parenchyma is one of the types of living plant cells originating

from ground and protoderm meristem. These type of cells are
most abundantly found in plants tissue. Another type of living
plant cells originating from the pro-cambium, known as
collenchyma cells. The epidermal layers of the plant are made
of these cells. Thirdly the hard and outer part of the stem is made
up of the sclerenchyma cells. These are the dead plant cells which
originate from ground meristem and protoderm procambium.

2. Parenchyma cells are found in every soft part of the plant, but
collenchyma cells are found in specific part of the plant like
leaves, stems, and petioles, whereas sclerenchyma cells are found
in mature parts of the plants or trees.

3. There are different types of shapes of all the cells, but

generally, parenchyma cells are isodiametric, while collenchyma
are elongated and sclerenchyma are sclereids, fibre in their
shapes respectively.

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4. Parenchyma has a thin cell wall of their cells, and are made up
of cellulose. Whereas collenchyma cells have an uneven cell wall
made up of pectin and hemicellulose. There is a hard and thick
cell wall present of the sclerenchyma cells, which is made up of
the lignin.

5. Intercellular space between the cells is present in parenchyma

cells, while in collenchyma cells less space is present between the
cells and in sclerenchyma cells, intercellular space is absent due
to which cells are tightly packed.

6. The function of parenchyma cells is in the storage of foods, in

gaseous exchange, and in photosynthesis, while collenchyma cells
provide mechanical support and elasticity to the plant, the
sclerenchyma cells provides mechanical support to the plant. It
also supports transportation of water and nutrients to the plants.

Conclusion
We all are aware of the importance of tissues in plants as well as animals, in this
article we studied the plant tissues and their specialised functions. Though the
plant anatomy also has different categories of tissues like vascular tissue, the
epidermis and the ground tissues, above we study only about the ground tissues
and how they variate from one another.

You Might Also Like:

1. Difference Between Xylem and Phloem

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7/29/2019 Difference Between Parenchyma Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma Cells (with Comparison Chart) - Bio Differences

2. Difference Between Parallel and Reticulate Venation

3. Difference Between Stems and Roots
4. Difference Between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells
5. Difference Between T Cells and B Cells

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