PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR

What is a Permanent Magnet DC Motor?

The permanent magnet dc motor can be defined as a

motor which includes a permanent magnet pole is called
Permanent Magnet DC Motor. In this motor, the magnet
can be used to make the flux working within the air gap in
its place of the field winding. The rotor structure is
similar to the straight DC Motor. PMDC Motor’s rotor
includes armature core, commutator, & armature winding.

Advantage and Disadvantage of PMDC Motor

The major advantage of PMDC motor is that they

require no field winding and hence no field current rather
permanent magnet is used for having working flux in the
air gap. Because of this the energy required in producing
the field flux is saved. Not only has this, because of
absence of field winding the size of PMDC motor reduced
which is a great advantage.

The major disadvantage of PMDC motor is that it has

limited capacity of producing working flux in the air gap.
However, due to development of some new magnetic
material like Somarium Cobalt and Neodymium Iron Boron,
this problem has been resolved to some extent.

Application of PMDC Motor

PMDC Motors are extensively used in automobiles for

windshield wipers and washers, for blowers used in air
conditioner and heaters, to raise and lower windows, in
personnel computers disc drives etc. As millions of
automobiles are manufactured per year, PMDC motors are
also produced in millions. Maximum power rating for
PMDC motor used in industry has been around 150 kW.

The PMDC motors are used in various applications

ranging from fractions to several horsepower. They are
developed up to about 200 kW for use in various
industries. The following applications are given below.

PMDC motors are mainly used in automobiles to

operate windshield wipers and washers, to raise the lower
windows, to drive blowers for heaters and air conditioners
etc.

→ They are also used in computer drives.

→ These types of motors are also used in toy

industries.

→ PMDC motors are used in electric toothbrushes,

portable vacuum cleaners, food mixers.

→ Used in a portable electric tool such as drilling

machines, hedge trimmers etc.

Construction of PMDC Motor

The PMDC motor’s permanent magnets are

maintained with a cylindrical-steel stator and these
supplies like a return lane for the magnetic flux. The rotor
supplies like an armature, and it includes commutator
segments, winding slots, & brushes like in conventional dc
machines. The permanent magnets used in this motor are
classified into three namely Alnico magnets, Ceramic
(ferrite) magnets, and Rare-earth magnets.

PMDC Motor Construction

 1) Alnico magnets are used within motors which have
the ratings in the range of 1kW-150kW.
2) Ferrite or Ceramic magnets are much cheap within
fractional kw (kilowatt) motors.
3) Rare-earth magnets are made with samarium
cobalt as well as neodymium iron cobalt.

Operation of PMDC Motor

In this motor, a permanent magnetic field can be

generated with the permanent magnets which
communicate by the perpendicular field stimulated by the
flow of currents within the rotor windings; therefore a
mechanical torque can be created.

When the rotor rotates in response to the created

torque, then the position among the stator as well as rotor
fields can be reduced, and the torque would be reversed in
a 90-degree rotation. To maintain the torque performing on
the rotor, PMDC motors include a commutator, set to the
rotor shaft.

Working Principle of Permanent Magnet DC Motor or

PMDC Motor

As we said earlier the working principle of PMDC

motor is just similar to the general working principle of DC
motor. That is when a carrying conductor comes inside a
magnetic field, a mechanical force will be experienced by
the conductor and the direction of this force is governed
by Fleming’s left hand rule. As in a permanent magnet DC
motor, the armature is placed inside the magnetic field of
permanent magnet; the armature rotates in the direction
of the generated force. Here each conductor of the
armature experiences the mechanical force F = B.I.L
Newton where, B is the magnetic field strength in Tesla
(weber / m2), I is the current in Ampere flowing through
that conductor and L is length of the conductor in metre
comes under the magnetic field. Each conductor of the
armature experiences a force and the compilation of those
forces produces a torque, which tends to rotate the
armature.