motor which includes a permanent magnet pole is called Permanent Magnet DC Motor. In this motor, the magnet can be used to make the flux working within the air gap in its place of the field winding. The rotor structure is similar to the straight DC Motor. PMDC Motor’s rotor includes armature core, commutator, & armature winding.
Advantage and Disadvantage of PMDC Motor
The major advantage of PMDC motor is that they
require no field winding and hence no field current rather permanent magnet is used for having working flux in the air gap. Because of this the energy required in producing the field flux is saved. Not only has this, because of absence of field winding the size of PMDC motor reduced which is a great advantage.
The major disadvantage of PMDC motor is that it has
limited capacity of producing working flux in the air gap. However, due to development of some new magnetic material like Somarium Cobalt and Neodymium Iron Boron, this problem has been resolved to some extent.
Application of PMDC Motor
PMDC Motors are extensively used in automobiles for
windshield wipers and washers, for blowers used in air conditioner and heaters, to raise and lower windows, in personnel computers disc drives etc. As millions of automobiles are manufactured per year, PMDC motors are also produced in millions. Maximum power rating for PMDC motor used in industry has been around 150 kW.
The PMDC motors are used in various applications
ranging from fractions to several horsepower. They are developed up to about 200 kW for use in various industries. The following applications are given below.
PMDC motors are mainly used in automobiles to
operate windshield wipers and washers, to raise the lower windows, to drive blowers for heaters and air conditioners etc.
→ They are also used in computer drives.
→ These types of motors are also used in toy
industries.
→ PMDC motors are used in electric toothbrushes,
portable vacuum cleaners, food mixers.
→ Used in a portable electric tool such as drilling
machines, hedge trimmers etc.
Construction of PMDC Motor
The PMDC motor’s permanent magnets are
maintained with a cylindrical-steel stator and these supplies like a return lane for the magnetic flux. The rotor supplies like an armature, and it includes commutator segments, winding slots, & brushes like in conventional dc machines. The permanent magnets used in this motor are classified into three namely Alnico magnets, Ceramic (ferrite) magnets, and Rare-earth magnets.
PMDC Motor Construction
1) Alnico magnets are used within motors which have the ratings in the range of 1kW-150kW. 2) Ferrite or Ceramic magnets are much cheap within fractional kw (kilowatt) motors. 3) Rare-earth magnets are made with samarium cobalt as well as neodymium iron cobalt.
Operation of PMDC Motor
In this motor, a permanent magnetic field can be
generated with the permanent magnets which communicate by the perpendicular field stimulated by the flow of currents within the rotor windings; therefore a mechanical torque can be created.
When the rotor rotates in response to the created
torque, then the position among the stator as well as rotor fields can be reduced, and the torque would be reversed in a 90-degree rotation. To maintain the torque performing on the rotor, PMDC motors include a commutator, set to the rotor shaft.
Working Principle of Permanent Magnet DC Motor or
PMDC Motor
As we said earlier the working principle of PMDC
motor is just similar to the general working principle of DC motor. That is when a carrying conductor comes inside a magnetic field, a mechanical force will be experienced by the conductor and the direction of this force is governed by Fleming’s left hand rule. As in a permanent magnet DC motor, the armature is placed inside the magnetic field of permanent magnet; the armature rotates in the direction of the generated force. Here each conductor of the armature experiences the mechanical force F = B.I.L Newton where, B is the magnetic field strength in Tesla (weber / m2), I is the current in Ampere flowing through that conductor and L is length of the conductor in metre comes under the magnetic field. Each conductor of the armature experiences a force and the compilation of those forces produces a torque, which tends to rotate the armature.