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UNIT-1
1. Profit advantage
a)domestic marketing
b)international marketing
2. Comparative cost advantage
3. Growth opportunities
4. Competition counter competition
2. Define mercantilism?
An environment can be defined as anything which surrounds a system therefore, the business
environment is anything which surrounds, the business organization. It affects the decisions,
strategies, processes and performance of the business.
The overall macroeconomic climate of the host country as well as the microeconomic
environment surrounding the product or market has a significant effect on marketing strategy.
The macroeconomic environment sets the limit of activity indifferent sectors of the economy.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
It is a special mode of carrying out international businesses. It is a contract, under which a firm
agree -for a remuneration-to fully carry out the design, create, and equip the production facility
and shift the project over to the purchaser when the facility is operational.
It involves the delivery of operating industrial plant to the Clint without any active participation.
A company pays a contractor to design and construct new facilities and train personnel to export
its process and technology to another country.
The United Nations conference on trade and development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964
as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General
Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues.
7. Define LCIA?
The LCIA provides an example an extensive administration service, which is not confined to the
conduct of arbitration and ADR under its own rules and procedures. It also acts as appointing
authority and administrator in UNCITRAL-rules case and will act as fund holder for deposits
filed because of the cost in otherwise entirely ad hoc proceedings.
The topmost decision making body of the WTO is the ministerial conference, which tend to meet
every two years. There have been six conference, with the last one being in December 2005. All
members of the WTO attend the conferences. The ministerial conference can make decision on
all matters under any of the multilateral trade agreements. The first meeting of the ministerial
conference was held in Singapore on 9 December-13, 1996.
Trade liberalization, loosely defined as a move towards freer trade through the reduction of tariff
and other barriers, is generally perceived as the major driving force behind globalization.
Rapidly increasing flower of goods and services across nation borders have been the most visible
aspect of the increasing integration of the global economy in recent decades. However, this has
also been one of the most contentious aspects of globalization.
A trade block is a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements .
typically , trade pacts that define such a bloc specify formal adjudication bodies , eg , north
American free trade agreement (NAFTA) trade panels . this may include even a more
democratic and participative system , as the European union (EU)and its parliament.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
The foundation of the AEC is the ASEAN free trade Area(AFTA), a common external
preferential tariff scheme to promote the free flow of goods within ASEAN. The ASEAN free
trade area (AFTA) is an agreement by the member nations of ASEAN concerning local
manufacturing in all ASEAN countries.
David Ricardo illustrated the basic of international trade using comparative cost difference . he
used two countries, two commodity model . the conclusing of his modal are :
Business between two countries is profitable when a country produces one good at a
lower cost then other country and that other produces another good at a lower cost than
the former country .
Business between two country is also profitable when one country produces mire than the
produce efficiently , but when it produces one of these product comparatively at greater
efficiency than the other product .
Both the nations can engage in international business when one country specializes in the
production in which it has greater efficiency in production.
Accounting to adam smith trade between two countries would be mutually beneficial it one
country could produce one commodity at on absolute advantage over the other country and the
other country could , in true produce another country at an absolute cost advantage over the first
The opportunity cost of anythimg is the of alternatives whih have to be foregone in order to
obtain that particular thing.Accounting to opportunity , cost theory the basic of international
trade is the difference between nations in the opportunity cost of production of commodities.
Accounting H.O theory international trade takes place because of the difference in the them
factor endowment of the various regions
For eg:- one country may be rich in capital and another in labour
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Demand lag
18.Define licensing ?
Franchising is a form of licensing the domestic company provides the following services
to the franchising in a lost country
Trademark
Operating system
Product reputation
Continuous support system like advertising
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
UNIT-2
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)(Spanish :tradado de American comercio
de America del norte [TLCAN], French: accord de libre-enchange nord-american [ALENA]is a
trilateral trade bloc in north America created by the government of the united states , Canada,
and mexico.
The European Union(EU)is a political and economic union of 27 member state , located
primarily in Europe. It was established by the treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations
of the pre-existing european economic community . with almost 500 million citizens, the
EUcombined generates an estimated 30% share of the worlds nominal gross domestic
product(US$16.8 trillian in 2007).
Objectives of TP:
5.What is Tariff?
Advalorem-Advalorem tariff are the tariff as a prepartionate of the value of the imported goods it
is called advalorem tariffs\ex-imposition of 30% on the value of computer imported.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
6.What is subsidies?
For ex-cash , loans given by the government , advance at the low rate of interest , tex holiday
government procurement of output at higher rate , equity participation supply of inputs at lower
price.
It is the direct restriction on the quantity of goods which are imported in the Indian country these
restriction are imported by issuing import licenses to import certain quantity of goods.
Reduction or elimination of tariffs, creation of free trade zones with small or not tariff reduced
transportation costs, especially resulting from development of containerization for ocean
shipping.
Harmonization of intellectual property laws across the majority of state with more restriction.
The report “assesses the ability of countries to provide high level of properity to their citizens.
This in turn depends this in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources.
Therefore, the global competitiveness index measures the set of institutions , policies , and
factors that set sustainable current and medium-term level of economic prosperity”. It has been
widely cited and used by many scholarly and peer-reviewed articles.
A divisional structure divides the company into divisions that bring together those employees
involved with a certain type of product or market or service
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
In a matrix organization each employee reports to both a functional or divisional manager and to
a project or group manager
Control is one of the managerial functions like planning , organizing , staffing and directing . it is
an important function because it helps to check the error and to take the corrective action so that
deviation from standards are minimized and state goals of the organizing are achieved in desired
manner.
The four basic elements in a control system-(1) the characteristic orcondition to be controlled,
(2) the sensor , (3) the comparator , and (4) the activator-occur in the same sequence and
maintain a consistent relationshaip to each other in every system.
15. What are the relationship between the elements of control and information?
The primary requirement of a control system is that it maintain the level and king of output
necessary to achieve the system‟s objectives. It is usually impractical to control every feature and
condition associated with the system‟s output.
Performance measurement is the use of statistical evidence to determing progress toward specific
defined organizational objectives.
Key performance indicators(KPI) are financial and non-financial metrics used to help an
organizational define and measure progress toward organizational goals.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
The concept of organizational control is implicit in the bureaucratic theory of max weber.
Associated with this theory are such concepts as “span of control”, closeness of supervision “,
and “hierarchical authority”. Weber‟s view tends to include all levels or type of organizational
control as being the same.
The perfect plan could be outlined if every possible variation of input could be anticipated and if
the system would operate as predicted. This kinds of planning is neither realistic , economical ,
nor feasible for most business system of proper standards.
The basic purpose of any measurement system is to provide feedback, relative to your goals , that
increases your chances of achieving these goals efficiently and effectively. Measurement gains
true value when used as the basis for timely decisions.
UNIT-3
Strategic planning is an organization‟s process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making
decision on allocating its resources to pursure this strategy, including its capital and people.
various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning , including SWOT analysis
(Strengths , weakness , opportunities and threats) and PEST analysis (political , economic ,
social and technological analysis ) or STEER analysis involving socio-cultural , technological ,
economic , ecological and regulatory factor .
When two or more firms join together to create a new business entity, it is called a joint venture.
The uniqueness in a joint venture is its shared ownership environmental factors like social,
technological, economic and political environments may encourage joint ventures.
3.Define PERT?
Programme evaluation review technique (PERT) based on CPM, PERT delineates a given
project or program into network of activities or sub-activities. The goal is to optimize the time
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
spent by the managers. in this process , performance is measured by comparing the scheduled
time and the cost allocated with the actual time and the cost.
International business is a business that is primarily based in a single country but acquires some
meaningful share of its resources or revenues(or both)from other countries.
As compared to this a domestic business is one which acquires all of its resources and sell all of
its products or services within a single country
Mission
Objectives
Situation analysis
Strategy formulation
Implementation
The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively
in business and industry, government, and non-profit organizations improve internal and external
communications and monitor worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of
the organization performance against strategic goals.
The straligic alliance is a cooperation & collaborating to approach the larged goads. Alliance is a
straligy to explore a new marked which the company individually can do.
Ex: Xerox of USA and FUJI of japan collaborated to explore new market in Europe.
It is the quota on the exporting to the domestic firm imposed by the exporting, exporting country
imposes such restriction mostly at the request to the importing country.
Ex: Japanese automobile exporter‟s haol such in 1981 due to the request to the US government
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Objectives
To provide necessary assistance to the new small exporters to develop export business
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
12. What are the regularly & operational requirements of export documents?
Bill of lading
Commercial invoice-raised by the exporter
Packing slip
BOE
Certificate of origin
Marine insurance policy
LOC
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Flow of skill and product offerings occurs throughout the firm-not only from home firm to
foreign subsidiary (global learning).
UNIT-4
1.What is globalization?
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people , companies , and
governments of different nations , a process driven by international trade and investment and
aided by information technology.
Make-or buy decision are taken to arrive at a strategic choice between manufacturing an item
internally (in-house) or buying it externally (from an external supplier). The buy side of the
decision is also known as outsourcing. Make-or-buy decision of a firm is important when it has
developed a product or part – or significantly modified a product or part-but is having problem
with the current suppliers, or has decreasing capacity or changing demand.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
The SLAs should detail the minimum level of service to be provides by the outsourcing vendor.
They should be objective and measurable and have no ambiguity. This help both parties in long
term.
Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in service different ways such as:
Financial –emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financial for
borrowers. Simultaneous though not necessarily purely globalist is the emergence of under or un-
regulated foreign exchange and speculative markets.
Economic – realization of a global common market , based on the freedom of exchange of goods
and nation.
7.Define sweatshop?
It can be said that globalization is the door that open up an otherwise resource poor country to
the international markrt. Where a country or nation has little material or physical product
harvested or mined from it sown soil there is seen the opportunity by large corporation to take
advantage of the “export poverty” of such a nation.
Buffing & setting of goods & service from & any country in the world
Establishing & manufacturing & distribution facilities in any part of the world
Product planning & development are based on market consideration of the entire world
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Global business refer to the conduct of business activities in several countries , using a highly
coordinated and single strategy across the world.
Economic exposure, focuses on the import of an exchange rate changes on the future cash flows.
It is based on the extent to which the value of the firm will change when value changes.
Accounting exposure, arises from the need for purpose of importing & consolidation to convert
the financial statements of the foreign operations from the local currencies involved in the home
currencies.
Provision of credit
Provision of hedging
PPP theory
ER=Er Pd = Pf
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
The PPP theory states that when the exchange rates are free to fluctuate the rate of exchange b/w
two two currencies in the long run will be determined by their respective purchasing power.
ACC- to PPP theory the exchange rate b/w one currency with another is in equilibrium when
their domestic purchasing power a that rate of exchange are equivalent.
UNIT-5
International business is understood as the business transactions crossing national borders at any
stage of the transaction.
International business consists of business transactions between parties from more than one
country.
International business is the conduct of business activities beyond the national boundaries.
International trade refer to exports and imports of goods and service by firm to a foreign based
buyer called importer or from a seller called exporter.
International marketing is concerned with firm level marketing practise across the border ,
including market identification and targeting , entry mode selection , and marketing mix and
strategic decisions to complete in international markets.
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Global business refer to the conduct of business activities in several countries , using highly
coordinated and single strategy across the world .
7.Define conflict?
Conflict is a state of discord caused by actual or pereceived opposition of needs , value and
interests . a conflict can be internal (within oneself) or external(between two or more
individuals).conflict as a concept can help explain many aspects of social life such as social
disagreement , conflicts of interests , and fights between individuals group or organizations.
Community conflict
Diplomatic conflict
Economic conflict
Emotional conflict
Environmental resources conflict
Group conflict
Ideological conflict
International conflict
Interpersonal conflict
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Communication barriers
Conflict management style
Cultural differences
Emotions
Perception
Personalities
Skill and abilities
Values and ethics
Conflict is emotionally defined – conflict involves emotion because something “triggers” it. The
conflict is which the parties involved and how they decide to resolve it –events that trigger
conflict are events that elicit emotion
Conflict is emotionally valence-emotion levels during conflict can be intense or less intense. The
“intensity” level “may be indicative of the importance and meaning of the conflict issues for
each “party.
Conflict invokes a moral stance-when an event occurs it can be interpreted as moral or immoral
the judging of this morality “influences ones orientation to the relationship to the parties
involved, and the conflict issues
Conflict is identify based – emotions and identity are able to determine a person knows their
values, beliefs and morals they are able to determine whether the conflict is personal, relevant,
and moral. “Identity related conflicts are potentially more destructive.”
Conflict is relational –“conflict is relational in the sense that emotional communication conveys
relational definitions that impact conflict.” “key relational element are power and social status.”
13.Define negotiation?
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Assessment
Acknowledgement
Attitude
Action
Analysis
PART-B
UNIT-1
1. Explain the approaches in international trade theories. How do product lifecycle approach
2. Discuss about strategies for coping with foreign exchange rates. Describe the impact of
5. Select any one theory that explain international trade. How does that theory explain the
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
7. State the impact of Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors affecting the
international marketing.
10. Describe the advantages that a firm derive while entering international business
UNIT-2
1. Draw a frame work of global trade. Examine various dimensions at institutions in the world
economy.
2. how does the high emerging market shape global economy? Explain implications of
6. When is Joint Venture(JV) an appropriate strategy? Describe the types of JVs with
8. Describe briefly the various measures taken by Government of India to help Indian exporters
in increasing their exports
9. Discuss the factors to be considered before selecting a particular market for export marketing.
UNIT-3
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
8. When is Joint Venture(JV) an appropriate strategy? Describe the types of JVs with
9. The net effect of both export expansion or import substitution is the same. Do you agree?
10. Differentiate balance of trade from balance of payment. Also indicate how balance of
payments,analysis can be useful to the international marketer
UNIT-4
1. Enumerate the integrated procedure to control multinational market efforts and explain the
steps involved in it.
2. Illustrate the positive and negative control mechanisms in international joint ventures
Business
5. How does the international strategy of a firm affect the structure and control systems?
Discuss.
6. Describe the factors that help to decide whether a global firmshould use a
9. How are India‟s exporters financed? State the role of ECGC in export financing.
10. Discuss the different types of risks associated with foreign trade
R.KALAISELVI AP/MBA
III SEMESTER / II YEAR BA5301 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
UNIT-5
1. Examine the actions in conflict resolutions internationally. List factors causing conflict in
global business.
5. D i s c u s s t h e c o n f l i c t r e s o l u t i o n m e t h o d s t h a t c a n b e u s e d t o resolve
international trade conflicts
6. Discuss the possible competitive responses of a domestic firm(say in an
emerging market) when faced with the threat of entry of global players.
illustrations.
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