 Helpful in improving products and processes

Evolution of Six Sigma

 Six Sigma evolved over two decades- because of the concerns of organizations worldwide for
quality, value creation, and customer delight.
 The phases of this evolution can be identified concurrent with the emphasis placed on these
three critical business parameters.

The timeline can be summarized as:

1. Defect elimination
2. Cost reduction
3. Value creation

What is Six Sigma?

It is data-driven, customer-focused, and result oriented methodology.

It uses statistical tools and techniques to systematically eliminate defects and inefficiencies to improve
process.

The several characteristics of Six Sigma methodology are:

 It is customer centric
 It is product and process focused
 Six Sigma projects are data-driven and fact based
 Six Sigma implementation leads to breakthrough performance gains
 It leads to structured improvement deployment
 Six Sigma stresses validation through key business results

Goals of Six Sigma

 Enhancement in customer satisfaction
 Elimination of defects
 Improvement in yield
 Reduction in variations
 Strengthening of the bottom line

What is Six Sigma Approach?

Six sigma approach is to find out the root causes of the problem.
Y=F(X)

Where Y represents the problems occurring due to X causes.

Why Organizations adopt Six Sigma?

Organizations embrace Six Sigma because this approach systematically and measurably enhances the
value of the organization by making them competitive, Quality-conscious, Customer-centric and
Forward-looking.

Some of the benefits that your organization drives from Six Sigma initiatives are:

 Waste prevention
 Defect reduction
 Cycle time reduction
 Cost savings
 Market share improvement

Mathematical Interpretation of Six Sigma

Sigma represented by the Greek alphabet letter “6”, this letter stands for standard deviation from the
mean.

“Six Sigma” represents six standard deviations from the mean.

As the Sigma level increases, the defect percentage decreases, which improve the efficiency of the
process.
The roles in Six Sigma Organizations
 Executive leadership

 Champion

 Master black belt

 Black belt

 Green belt
  Project Team & Team members

Who work on the Six Sigma Project and includes Project Manager and team members, project
team members need not to be a Green belt or Black belt.

Who are the key stakeholders in a Six Sigma project?

1. Customers

2. Employees
 3. Suppliers

4. End Users

End users can also be customers.

Overview of DMAIC
It is a Data driven Six Sigma process for improving existing processes and products. The DMAIC process
should be used when an existing product or process needs improvement to meet or exceed customer
requirements.

This Process should be consistent with the business vision, strategy and goals of the organization.
DMAIC stands for:

D: define the problem

Inputs, tools and outputs for each of the phases

Define Phase

Measure Phase

Analyze Phase
Improve Phase

Control Phase

Detail of each Phase

Define Phase
Measure Phase

Analyze Phase
Improve Phase

Control Phase
Seven basic quality tools, the types of data and DFSS

1. Tally sheets

It is very important tool for data collection

2. Flowcharts or process map

3. Histograms
4. Cause and effect diagram
5. Pareto diagram
6. Scatter diagram
7. Control charts

Concept of data types

Data can be broadly categorized into two types

1. Continuous data

It can be any number including decimals but it need not to be an integer e.g. weight, height,
length, density
2. Discrete (attribute) data

E.g. number of defects or defectives.