PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

CARAGA REGION CAMPUS

An Intensive History on the Development of the

Atomic Model

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

PSHS-CRC Annual Alternative Week

Proposed by: Bianca Germaine M. Manatad

To: Jessie Riveral
October 11, 2019
 PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
CARAGA REGION CAMPUS

An Intensive History on the Drawing of Common

Lab Equipments

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

PSHS-CRC Annual Alternative Week

Proposed by: Bianca Germaine M. Manatad

To: Jessie Riveral
October 11, 2019
 ATO-
MIC
MODEL
TERMS
Neutron| A subatomic particle with no
JAMES electric charge
Chadwick
Fission| Neutrons are used to create
isotopes. A neutron will collide
with a large atom causing it to split to
---HISTORY--- smaller atoms.
Profession: Physicist
Place of Birth:
TOPIC
Cheshire
EXPERIMENT| Chadwick duplicated
Place of Death: an experiment by the Curie’s
Cambridge, England by bombarding other material
-- including helium, nitrogen,
INTERESTING-- and lithium, and found a
revolutionary discovery.
Because the neutron
was relatively THEORY| The neutron is a neutral
massive but neutral, particle that shares the nucleus
it was scarcely with a positively charged
affected by the
proton.
cloud of electrons
surrounding the FACTS| The neutron increased the
nucleus, thus mass of elements without adding
penetrating the an electric charge.
nucleus of any
 NUC-LEAR
MODEL

TERMS
ERNEST Alpha particle| a type of natural
RUTHERFORD
radioactive particle, are positively
charged with a mass about four
times that of a hydrogen atom.

---HISTORY---
TOPIC
Profession: Professor EXPERIMENT| Rutherford fired
positively charged alpha
Place of Birth: New
particles at a thin sheet of gold
Zealand
foil; some deflected at large
Place of Death: United angles.
K
NUCLEAR MODEL THEORY| Atom is mostly empty
space, where the positive charge is
The model consists of a
small and positively concentrated in the
charged interior centre- the nucleus.
surrounded by a cloud
FACTS| The positive charge was
of electrons
localized in the nucleus of an
NUCLEUS atom.
The tiny, dense central MYTH| Electrons remaining its orbit
core of an atom around the nucleus was not
composed of protons explained.
and neutrons.
 plum
pudding
model

TERMS
J.J. Atomic model| The device that
aimed to accurately represent
THOMSON all of the experimental
evidence about atoms in the
simplest way possible.
Plum Pudding Model | Atomic
HISTORY model having a uniform sphere
of positive charge with
Profession: Professor negative electrons
Place of Birth: England entrenched in the
sphere.
Place of Death: West-
minister Abbey TOPIC
PLUM PUDDING
EXPERIMENT| Thomson discovered
MODEL electrons (where he called
The electrons were ‘corpuscles’). He had to
embedded in a spherefigure out how these particles
of positive charge likewere arranged.
blueberries in a muffin.
Positive matter was THEORY| Electrons are scattered
thought to be like jelly throughout a spherical cloud
or thick soup. The cloud of positive charge.
electrons were
FACTS| Electrons are parts of atoms
somewhat mobile.
MYTH| No nucleus; It was not
explained by him.
 PLANET-ARY
MODEL

TERMS
NIELS BOHR Unstable| For an electron orbiting a
nucleus, it means an orbit
(decreasing orbit)
approaches the nucleus in a
spiral trajectory.
Emission| Act of releasing or giving
HISTORY away, energy in the case of
Profession: Physicist the electron.
Place of Birth: TOPIC
Denmark
EXPERIMENT| Bohr modified
Place of Death:
Rutherford’s model using a
Copenhagen, DNMK
Correspondence hydrogen atom. It was
derived as a first-order
Principle approximation to describe the
The behavior of hydrogen atom.
systems described by
the theory of quantum
THEORY| Electrons moved around
mechanics (or by the the nucleus in orbits of fixed sizes
old quantum theory)and energies. Electron energy
reproduces classicalwas quantized; they couldn’t
physics in the limit of
occupy values of energy between
large quantum fixed levels.
number.
FACTS| Electrons have stable orbits.
MYTH| Moving electrons should emit
 Quan-tum
MODEL

TERMS
Erwin
sCHRODINGER Electron cloud |The location of the
electrons in the quantum
mechanical model of the
atom.
---HISTORY--- Wave Function |The probability of
Profession: Physicist finding an electron at a given
point around the nucleus.
Place of Birth: Austria
Place of Death:
Vienna, Austria
TOPIC
THEORY| Electrons do not move
---QUANTUM
in set paths around the nucleus,
MECHANICAL
but in waves. It is impossible to know
MODEL---
the exact location of the
A model of the atom that electrons; but there are
derives from the
Schrodinger wave
clouds of probability.
equation and deals with
FACTS|Electrons don’t move around
probabilities.
the nucleus in orbits, but in
ORBITAL clouds in uncertain positions.
Three-dimensional region
MORE FACTS| Widely accepted as
of space indicating, the
high probability of finding most accurate model of the
electron. atom.
 SOLID
SPHERE
MODEL
TERMS
Atomic mass unit| standard unit
JOHN used for indicating a mass of
DALTON an atom
Atom| smallest possible amount of
matter that retains its identity
as a chemical element

--- HISTORY--- TOPIC

Profession: Chemist INSPIRATION| The concept of an
Place of Birth: England atom dates back from
Democritus. The word atom
Place of Death:
comes from Greek word
Manchester
--- KEY POINTS---‘atomos’ meaning invisible.

 All matter was THEORY| Each chemical element is

composed of composed of a unique and
atoms single type of atoms. Atoms cannot
 All atoms of an be altered by chemical means. They
can however combine to form
element are
more complex structures.
identical
 Different FACTS| Atoms of an element differ
elements have from another element
different atomic
MYTH| Atoms are not invisible
mass and size