IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION TO SMART AGRICULTURE

As the world is trending into new technologies and implementations it is a necessary goal
to trend up in agriculture also. Many researches are done in the field of agriculture. Most projects
signify the use of wireless sensor network collect data from different sensors deployed at various
nodes and send it through the wireless protocol. The collected data provide the information about
the various environmental factors. Monitoring the environmental factors is not the complete
solution to increase the yield of crops. There are number of other factors that decrease the
productivity to a greater extent. Hence automation must be implemented in agriculture to
overcome these problems. So, in order to provide solution to all such problems, it is necessary to
develop an integrated system which will take care of all factors affecting the productivity in
every stage. But complete automation in agriculture is not achieved due to various issues.
Though it is implemented in the research level it is not given to the farmers as a product to get
benefitted from the resources. Hence this paper deals about developing smart agriculture using
IoT and given to the farmers.

Plants have had and still have a key role in the history of life on earth. They are
responsible for presence of oxygen needed for human survival on this planet. Agriculture plays a
vital role in India's economy. Over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their
principal means of livelihood. Agricultural export constitutes 10% of the country's exports. So
the farmer's and even the nation's economy will be ruined if there are no proper yields due to
lack of knowledge of the soil nature, timely unavailability of water. Thus the government should
take steps for a better and profitable irrigation.

It is a smart farming stick based on IOT (Internet of things) technology which

has brought revolution to each and every field of common man’s life by making everything
smart and intelligent. Aim of this project is to propose a novel smart IOT based agriculture stick
assisting farmers in getting live data (Temperature, soil moisture, smoke detection) for efficient
environment monitoring which will enable them to do smart farming and increase their overall
yield and quality of products.

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER – 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

The existing method and one of the oldest ways in agriculture is the manual method of
checking the parameters. In this method the farmers they themselves verify all the parameters
and calculate the readings. It focuses on developing devices and tools to manage, display and
alert the users using the advantages of a wireless sensor network system. It aims at making
agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting features are smart
GPS based remote controlled robot to perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture sensing,
human detection and keeping vigilance. The cloud computing devices that can create a whole
computing system from sensors to tools that observe data from agricultural field images and
from human actors on the ground and accurately feed the data into the repositories along with the
location as GPS coordinates. This idea proposes a novel methodology for smart farming by
linking a smart sensing system and smart irrigator system through wireless communication
technology. It proposes a low cost and efficient wireless sensor network technique to acquire the
soil moisture and temperature from various location of farm and as per the need of crop
controller to take the decision whether the irrigation is enabled or not. It proposes an idea about
how automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. In
addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information. The atmospheric conditions are monitored
and controlled online by using Ethernet IEEE 802.3.The partial root zone drying process can be
implemented to a maximum extent. It is designed for IoT based monitoring system to analyze
crop environment and the method to improve the efficiency of decision making by analyzing
harvest statistics. In this paper image processing is used as a tool to monitor the diseases on fruits
during farming, right from plantation to harvesting. The variations are seen in color, texture and
morphology. In this paper, greenhouse is a building in which plants are grown in closed
environment. It is used to maintain the optimal conditions of the environment, greenhouse
management and data acquisition.

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER – 3

PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the field section, various sensors are deployed in the field like temperature sensor,
moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensor and humidity sensor. The data collected from these sensors are
connected to the Arduino UNO. In control section, the received data is verified with the
threshold values. If moisture level is low then Arduino switches on a water pump to provide
water to the plant. Water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough moisture in the
soil and a message is sent to the user via IOT module, updating the status of water pump and soil
moisture. These factors include attack of pests which can be controlled by spraying the crop with
proper pesticides. An irrigation system for efficient water management and spray the pesticides
for crops has been proposed. Parameters like moisture, temperature, humidity are measured by
using sensors. The water and pesticides are sprayed by using spray motor and motor pump. The
ultrasonic sensor is used to monitor the growth of the plants ,one can observe the plants from
anytime, anywhere in the webpage via IOT. In present, Thing speak is added which is a
platform with ios to control the arduino that supports hardware platform. Monitoring the plant
growth by using ultrasonic sensor and sending the status to the webpage via IOT module.
Watering will be done automatically by predefined time delay.

Fig.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER – 4

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

4.1 Hardware Specifications

1. GSM Modem Capacitors

2. Transistors
3. Cables and Connectors
4. Diodes
5. PCB and Breadboards
6. LED
7. Transformer/Adapter
8. Push Buttons
9. Switch
10. IC
11. IC Sockets
12. Wifi Modem
13. Temperature Sensor
14. Humidity Sensor
15. Water Sensor
16. Mini Exhaust Fan
17. Water Pump
18. Crystal Oscillator
19. Resistors

4.2 Software Specifications

1. Arduino Ide
2. Libraries
3. Embedded C
4. Hosting Website –Ubidot.Com

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CHAPTER – 5

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of Smart Agriculturing is to increase the quality and quantity of agricultural
production by using sensing technology to make farmers more intelligent and more connected. ...
Experiences and challenges in using technology as a tool in farming.

Today farmers are doing many hard work to grow crops and to earn their livelihood
beside of their hardwork neither the quantity nor quality of crops are becoming better and this
lead to their losses and this losses are occurring due to natural calamity as well as lack of
technology availability and due to this farmers are dying day by day.

By using agriculture monitoring system we can solving all their issues of farmers
together with enhancing their minimum earnings .This can be easily achieved by the todays
advance technology so that they can be able to know the presence of moisture in the soil ,able to
detect when to water the plat or farms .Thus, we can easily solve huge economical & social
problems of farmers.

5.1 CONCEPT:

Smart Agriculture is a agriculture monitoring concept using modern technology to

increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Farmers in the 21st century have
access to GPS, soil scanning, data management, and Internet of Things technologies. By
precisely measuring variations within a field and adapting the strategy accordingly, farmers can
greatly increase the effectiveness of pesticides and fertilizers, and use them more selectively.
Similarly, using Smart Farming techniques, farmers can better monitor the needs of individual
animals and adjust their nutrition correspondingly, thereby preventing disease and enhancing
herd health.

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

Thus the Smart Agriculturing will revolutionized the world of farming and it will
increase the productivity as well as improve the quality and can save lives of farmer.

There is an urgent need for a system that makes the agricultural process easier and burden
free from the farmer’s side. With the recent advancement of technology it has become necessary
to increase the annual crop production output of our country India, an entirely agro centric
economy. The ability to conserve the natural resources as well as giving a splendid boost to the
production of the crops is one of the main aims of incorporating such technology into the
agricultural domain of the country. To save farmer’s effort, water and time has been the most
important consideration

FUTURE SCOPE

This project has enormous potential and may be used in various other ways, due to its cheap
and cost efficient design.

 Use it as a home automation controller, by adding a few more 240 volt relays.
 Remotely perform jobs.
 Use a float switch in a tank, so that the system automatically shuts the pump down, once
the reservoir is full.
 Use it in conjunction with a solar panel, so that the entire system is eco-friendly.

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IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM

REFERENCES

1. http://www.geeksforgeeks.org
2. www.wikipedia.org
3. eeexplore.ieee.org/document/8081906/
4. www.pdfmachine.com
5. www.github.com
6. www.datasheets4u.com
7. www.electronicshub.com
8. www.ubidot.com
9. The Internet of Things: Key Applications and Protocols Book by David Boswarthick,
Olivier Hersent, and Omar Elloumi
10. Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach Book by Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay K.
Madisetti
11. https://dzone.com/articles/the-future-of-smart-farming-with-iot-and-open-sour

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