Leyte Normal University

College of Arts and Science

Tacloban City

Women's Level of Awareness of R. A. 9262 also known

as Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children

In Partial Fulfillment
of the course requirements in
Polsci_107 Quantitative Analysis of Political Data

Llosa, Faith Hannah

Pedrero, Angel
Pica, Erwin Carlo
Rico, Riegie
Sapitin, Jona Mae

Table of Contents

1
 Page
I. CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study …………………………………………………….. 2

Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….………... 3
Significance of the Study …………………… ……………………………… 3
Scope and Limitations ………………………………………………………. 4
Theoretical Framework ………………………………… …………………... 4
Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………………… 5
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………… 5

II. CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature …………………………………………………………. 6 – 10

III. CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
Research Design ……………………………………………………………... 11
Research Locale ………………………………….…………………………. 11
Respondents ………………………………………………………………… 11
Sampling Procedure……………………………………………………….... 11
Research Instrument …………………………………….…………………. 12
Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………………. 12
Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………… 13

IV. CHAPTER 4

Results and Discussion …………………………………………………… 14 – 22

V. CHAPTER 5
Summary Conclusions and Recommendations ………………………… 23 – 25
Bibliography ………………… …………………………………………. 26

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 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Intimate partner violence is considered as one of the major public health problem affecting

thousands of Filipino women every year. Intimate partner violence is a kind of violence that

involves abuse of female partners which is the most widespread form of family violence. The

assault against women and their children mostly result in physical injuries and sexual trauma, as

well as emotional and psychological problems which are often severe and long lasting (Caparas &

Amparado, 2012).

The term intimate partner violence refers to a patient of assaultive and coercive behaviors,

including physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and violence that adults or adolescents use

against their intimate partners (CDCP, 2010). Intimate partner violence include current or former

dating, married, or cohabiting relationships or heterosexuals, lesbian women or gay men. It is

purposeful behavior, directed at achieving control over the target person. It may also include

financial coercion, threats against children and other family members and destruction of property

(Stuart, 2005)

According Philippine Commission on Women (PCW), domestic violence affects 6 out of

10 women in the Philippines based on the survey of Lihok-Pilipina and COMBAT-VAW. In J.

Awit report on cases of violence in the Philippines, he stated that incidents of women or children

being abused in Central Visayas reached close to 20,000, with about 17,000 cases in Cebu City.

Close to 4,000 case where village assisted the complaints were reported to the Cebu City Women

and Family Affairs Commission (CCWFAC). The Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) also reported 828. Recently the National Demographic Health Survey

(NDHS) released their preliminary report which stated that 11,558 ever-married Filipino women

aged 15 to 49 surveyed, one in 4 or 26% experience physical, sexual, or emotional violence

committed by their husband or partner.

This cases lead the Congress to pass the Republic Act No. 9262 which took effect in March

2004. The Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act is a result of many years of

advocacy of victim-survivors, women’s rights and human rights advocates, non-government

organizations, and government agencies led by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino

3
Women. R.A. 9262 was passed to provide relief and redness to women and children who are

victims of the abuse (Aquino, 2005).

In relation to this, since the R.A 9262 was implemented to protect and lessen the violence

against women, this study is needed in order to know if the selected women of Tacloban are

aware of the said Republic Act and its provisions. The researchers chose this study for the

purpose of knowing the awareness of women and to be able to learn how and when to use the

Republic Act 9262.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study intends to determine the level of awareness between all College of Education

female students in Leyte Normal University who is either married or living with her partner and

with the house wives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog, Tacloban City. This study wants to know if both

groups are aware of the RA 9262 or Anti –Violence Against Women and Children and its

provisions. This study also aims to know what are their source of knowledge and access to source

of information of the respondents on this events and what factors affects her level of awareness.

Specifically, this study intends to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of awareness of the respondents on the RA 9262 or Anti-Violence against

Women Children Act of 2004?

2. What are the sources of information that the respondents use to know about the violence

on women and children and their rights and privileges?

3. What are the factors that hinder the respondents in acquiring information?

4. How does the socio-economic status affect the level of awareness of the respondents?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important in order to determine if socio economic status in society affects the

level of awareness of an individual and if it affects the respondent in acquiring information about

the violence, rights and privileges. The study also examines the different factors that affects the

awareness of both group. At the practical level the present study helps to understanding women

rights and gives information on the level of awareness of human and women’s rights among

women. Moreover, this study enables to understand the concept of women’s rights and their

protection by the legislation and by the Philippine Government.

The findings of the study will provide the following:

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 1. The level of awareness of female college students in LNU

2. The source of knowledge and information of the respondents

3. The factors that affects their awareness

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study is limited to all female college students under the program of College of

Education in Leyte Normal University, who is 18 years old and above either married or living with

her partner and the housewives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog, Tacloban City who is 18 years old and

above, either married or living with her partner.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

This study aims to know how the knowledge on the Violence against Women and Children

are obtained. Our research employed the following theories: Knowledge Gap Theory by Tichenor,

Donohue and Olien.

The researchers used the theory called Knowledge Gap Theory where it can result in an

increased gap between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status. The attempt to improve

people’s life with information via the mass media might not always work the way this is planned.

Mass media might have the effect of increasing the difference gap between members of social

classes.

According Tichenor, Donohue and Olien (1970) present five reasons for justifying the

knowledge gap. 1) People of higher socioeconomic status have better communication skills,

education, reading, comprehending and remembering information. 2) People of higher

socioeconomic status can store information more easily or remember the topic form background

knowledge 3) People of higher socioeconomic status might have a more relevant social context.

4) People of higher socioeconomic status are better in selective exposure, acceptance and retention.

5) The nature of the mass media itself is that it is geared toward persons of higher socioeconomic

status.

In relation, this theory will be used if such gap will also be seen. This is to test the theory

if for example if with higher educational attainment has more capability in accessing information

than those who has lesser educational attainment. In other words, the researchers will use this

theory if the respondents who is in college are more capable in gaining knowledge an information

5
 The relevance of these theories to our study is that helps us to identify the awareness and

the knowledge gap of every woman (married/lived-in, undergraduate and graduate students in

LNU and selected out of school housewives) could affect the socioeconomic status of married and

lived-in women on their rights in Anti-Violence Against Women (RA 9262)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Married/Live in Students of
Demographic LNU
Characteristic
*Age Level of Awareness of
*Educational Sources of Knowledge R.A 9262
Attainment and Factors That
Hinder Them
*Income per Month

Housewives of Brgy. Palanog

Figure 1 conceptual framework of the study

The framework shown above explains that female respondent was selected and determine

their sources of knowledge and the factors that hinder them in gaining knowledge. Then from those

factors we will be able to know their level of awareness of the R.A 9262 also known as Anti-

Violence Against Women and Their Children

DEFINITION OF TERMS

R.A. 9262 - also known as Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of

2004, it is a significant protection of the rights of women and children against gender-based

violence.

Women’s Rights – are fundamental human rights for every woman. These rights include

the right to live free from violence, slavery, and discrimination; to be educated; to own property;

to vote; and to earn a fair and equal wage (GFW, 2015)

Socio-Economic Status – it is the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is

often measures as a combination of education, income and occupation (APA, 2016)

Descriptive in nature – it is a research method that describes the characteristics of the

population of phenomenon of the study. This method focused more on the “what” of the research

subject rather than the “why” of the research subject (Bhat, 2019)

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Reviewed below are related literature gathered from various studies, books, pertinent

documents and electronic data to support the concepts stipulated study. This section deals in

particular with such concepts as empowerment, affecting participation and other related topics.

Because of the rampant violence against women worldwide, different convention was

created to give meaning and importance not only human rights but also the rights of women. When

the Universal Declaration for Human Rights was founded on December 1948, it became the

backbone of different rights and treatise which opened the door for equality. The Convention on

the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women or CEDAW adopted by the UN

General Assembly, it is often described as an International Bill of Rights for women. Consisting

of a preamble and 30 articles. It defines what constitute discrimination against women and sets up

an agenda to end violence and discrimination.

Because of this, different states adopted rights for women and created their own rights

against discrimination and violence. The only problem that this legislation encountered is not on

the implementation but on what level these individuals know about these rights.

A study was conducted in Karnataka State Women’s University, Vijayapura India about

the level of awareness on human and women’s rights. The respondents were the post graduate

students in the university. Random sampling was used to gather data. The primary data was

collected from the respondents with the help of a structure questionnaire. 176 have replied to the

questionnaire. They found out that the awareness of the respondents regarding women’s rights,

that all of the respondents do agree that they are aware if their rights. And the reason of the

awareness was the optional subject “Feminine Jurisprudence” given by the department which gives

them the information of their rights. They also found out that the respondents prefer

newspapers/magazine for gathering information (Patil, Tadasad, & Dr. Deepthi, 2015).

On the other hand, in the same country a study conducted to measure the level of awareness

of women in various field like laborers, illiterates, housewife’s, college students, teachers, lecturers

etc... The data was collected by using simple random sampling and 100 women were the

7
respondents. They found out that majority of the women is not aware of the importance of the

concept of human rights and its impact in improving the statues of women. Their study also

revealed that the level of awareness about women’s rights among women is not satisfactory. The

reasons for the low level of awareness among women about their rights traced in the study are

illiteracy, negligence of law, ineffective enforcement of law, unfavorable attitude of the society to

take help legislation. And the most important thing that was observed by the researcher was only

the victims, lawyers and some other educated sections of the society have some knowledge about

their rights (Narayana, 2015).

Meanwhile, violence against women in Asian countries are rampant due to a patriarchal

society where women are dominated by men. The ideological structure of Asian countries that

women are structurally weaker position in all societies; in education, occupationally and

economically. This is why cases of coercion, harassment or deprivation of liberty. It covers all

forms of violence, such as physical, sexual, psychological and economic.

In the Philippine context, only women may file under the Anti-Violence Against Women

and Children Act, while the offenders may either be men or women with whom the victims are or

were in lesbian relationship, because the definition includes past or present sexual or dating

relationships. Former Senator Pia Cayetano created a primer which discusses about violence

against women and children

Different acts of violence

1. Physical violence – acts that include bodily or physical harm

2. Sexual Violence – acts which are sexual in nature; but is not limited to: rape, sexual

harassment, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her child as sex object etc…

3. Psychological violence – commission or omission of acts which cause mental or

emotional suffering of the victim

4. Economic abuse – acts that make a woman financially dependent of the offender.

Who are protected under the law?

The Anti-Violence Act protects women and their children, specifically:

1. Wife or former wife of the offender

2. Woman with whom the offender has or had a dating or sexual relationship

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 3. The mother of the child of the offender

4. The child, whether legitimate or illegitimate of the woman.

Who are punishes by the law?

The following are liable:

1. Husbands or former husbands

2. Any person with whom the victim has or had a sexual dating relationship

3. Any person with whom the victim has a common child

4. Father of the child victim (RA 9262)

In relation to this, a study was conducted in Palawan on the level of awareness and

the perception of the housewife about the R.A. 9262. The researcher used a descriptive in

nature and a survey method in generating the needed information. The respondents of the

study were limited to housewives in selected barangays of Palawan. They found out that

the respondents were slightly aware of some provisions such as depriving or threatening to

deprive the woman or her child of legal right; preventing the woman in engaging in any

legitimate position and controlling the victim’s own money and properties. They also found

out that except the three provisions the respondents were moderately aware with the rest of

the other provisions. They implied that “moderately aware” means that the respondents are

not so knowledgeable with the certain provisions. But their overall findings, they stated

that majority of the respondents were aware of the intimate partner violence in RA 9262

(Santiago & Aya, 2014)

Another study was conducted among women in Looc Village, Manduae City in

Cebu on the awareness of the R.A. 9262. The study utilized a descriptive-correctional

design. Where 96 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. They found out

that most of the respondents expressed that they have acquired awareness on intimate

partner violence from watching television. Another result was the majority of the

respondents were aware of the intimate partner violence of RA 9262 (Caparas &

Amparado, 2012)

A related study was also conducted in the municipalities of Agoncillo and San Juan

Batangas. The study utilized the descriptive method of research to determine the awareness

of the respondents of the RA 9262. The researcher used 145 participants from the tow

9
 municipalities. They found out that majority of the respondents are aware on the kinds of

violence, acts of violence and penalties on crimes committed against women and children.

They also found out that there is no significant difference on the level of awareness when

respondents were grouped according to profile variables except on the social status in the

aspect of the kind of violence and educational attainment in example of acts of violence

(Morales, n.d.)

On Sources of Information

Mass media as a source of information. According to Shodhanga (2014) The whole

world is passing through a period of “Information Explosion”. That this is the age of information

that all information has now been reaching to every home in any remote area, one way is through

television, radio, magazine, newspapers and internet.

Television and radio as of today is one of medium of knowledge and awareness specially

when it comes to inflicting awareness of human and women’s rights. It can be gleaned from the

study of Tunio and Shouakt on their research “Role of Television in Awareness of Women Rights”

where they found out that television changes the attitudes and behavior of women. They found out

that television increases the awareness of women’s rights. That television informs women about

the laws and conventions made at national level an international level to protect women’s rights

and women are mostly aware of organizations working for the promotion and protection of

women’s rights.

The internet shared the same spot in as television, but today the internet has passed this

and has become the most reliable source of information this is according to Findahl who researched

on “The Swedish and the Internet” (2014), the internet is the most utilized in searching for facts

and looking up for words. So, when it comes to gaining knowledge of a particular area Findahl

compared internet as a web which connects to different strands of information that is easily

accessible with just one click.

Other sources. In accessing or gathering information about a particular data, books and

magazine as well are helpful especially when someone wants to seek accurate information which

had been tested and proven. Information such as feminism, equality and rights can be access also

specially in the libraries.

10
 Government agencies also help in promoting awareness of human and women’s rights.

Take for example the Department of Social Welfare and Development where their goal is to protect

and secure the welfare of every person. According to the Social Marketing branch of DSWD, As

the lead agency in social protection, the DSWD holds a series of advocacy and information

dissemination activities every year highlighted the dissemination of Awareness of R.A 9262.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the discussion of the research design, research locale, research

subject, research instruments, data procedure and data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The determination of level of awareness of women regarding R.A. 9262 also known as the

Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children is descriptive in nature and the survey method

was employed to generate the needed information of the study.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study is conducted in Leyte Normal University and Brgy. Palanog, Tacloban City.

These places were chosen for; first the University has a number of students who either married or

living with her partner. Second, the University has a high advantage to the researchers in gathering

data since the researcher are familiar with the area. Lastly, Brgy. Palanog was chosen because of

their geographic location where houses are close to each other.

RESPONDENTS

The respondents of the study were the all College of Education female students of LNU

and the housewives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog Tacloban City. The respondents were married, with

husband or lived in partner, with or without children at the time of the research conduct. The

researchers choose these respondents because it is in best interest of the study.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

This study used Total Population Sampling which deal in selecting information-rich cases

for the study in depth. Total population sampling is a type of purposive sampling where you choose

to examine an entire population that have particular set of characteristics. In this case, the

researchers used this method since this study is focused only on women and the researchers are

interested in knowing their level of awareness.

To get the total population of the respondents in LNU, letters were administered to MIS

asking for the final list of all college students enrolled in College of Education. From that list the

researchers manually search and ask which of this students are married or living with her partner.

The total population of married and live-in female students in LNU was around 62.

12
 In getting the total population of the housewives living in Barangay 37-A Palanog, the

researchers hand out a letter to the barangay chairperson asking for list of certified voters of the

barangay. Then the researchers firmly selected the housewives from the list, the total population

of the housewives in Palanog was 82.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This study adopted and modified a questionnaire from Cecilia S. Santiago and Ezperanza

B. Aya. The questionnaire used English language as a method of communication to the

respondents, so in order for the local respondents of Tacloban to understand the questionnaire the

researchers translated it to Waray-Waray. The survey questionnaire was composed of four parts.

The first part gathered the demographic characteristics of the respondents which included age,

number of children, educational attainment, present work and monthly income.

The second part was composed of 21 statements about acts of violence against women and

their children as stated in R.A 9262 that determined the level of stated in Republic Act. In this part,

the respondents will be instructed to indicate their level of awareness on the provisions of the said

Republic Act by putting a check on the appropriate column.

The third part consisted of the what sources of knowledge do the respondents use to acquire

information of the Republic Act. It consists seminar, lectures, television, radio etc…This part, the

researchers will be asking the respondents to put checks on what are their sources of knowledge.

And lastly, the fourth part consists the factors that affects or hinders the respondents in

acquiring information of the said Republic Act. The respondents will be asked to put marks on the

box which for them is a factor that affects or hinder them in acquiring information.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The gathering of data in LNU, the researchers got a letter signed by the Unit Head of

College of Education and the Research Instructor asking permission to conduct a survey on

campus. The researchers asked permission and approval from the ORC and their professors where

the respondents were assigned so they could use class hour for data gathering procedure. Upon

permission, the researchers started to conduct the survey moving from one classroom to another

finding the respondents of the study.

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 Likewise, the researcher sends a letter to the barangay chairperson asking for permission

and approval to conduct a survey on their barangay. And upon permission, researchers started the

survey from one house to another. The same questionnaire was given to all respondents.

DATA ANALYSIS

Descriptive statistics like frequency counts, percentages, means and range were used to

analyzed the data.

Frequency counts is a measure of the number of times that an event occurs. This is

important to determine how many responded to a certain question. Percentages is the measure of

a portion in relation to a whole. While mean is used to derive the central tendency of the data in

question. It is determined by adding all the data points in a population and then dividing the total

by the number of points. The resulting number is known as the mean or the average.

The level of awareness of the respondents towards R.A 9262 was determined based on the

rating below:

1.00 - 1.74 Not Aware (NA)

1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Aware (SA)

2.50 – 3.24 Aware (A)

3.25 – 4.00 Highly Aware (HA)

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 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the results and discusses the data gathered from survey questionnaire

administered to the female respondents of LNU and the Housewives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog. Each

set of data was analyzed and interpreted to shed light on women’s level of awareness of R.A 9262

also known as Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children

Profile Characteristics of Women in LNU and the Housewives of Barangay 37-A Palanog.

This study drew up the following characteristics of the respondents along age, educational

attainment, monthly income.

It can be gleaned from figure 1 that the largest number (28 or 33%) of housewives’

respondents belong to the age group 34 - 41 years old. And the smallest number of participants

belongs to the age group of 67 – 70 years’ old which is only 1 or 1 % of total respondents.

Likewise, figure 1.1 shows that the largest number of respondents (30 or 48%) from LNU

belongs to the age group 18-25 years old. And the smallest number belongs to the age group of

42-49 which has 1 or 2% number of respondents.

Figure 1 Age of Housewives Figure 1.1 Age of Female Student Respondents

In Figure 2 below shows that majority of the housewives’ respondents (30 or 36%) had

finished High school while 1 or 2 % were able to step in elementary. The educational attainment

for students were not graphed because the researchers purposely selected college students for the

study.

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 Figure 2 Educational Attainment of Housewives

In income per month of the housewives, figure 3 shows that majority or the respondents

(22 or 35 %) are having 2,000-below monthly income while 1 or 2% are having 6,000- 7,000

monthly income.

The income per month of the respondents in LNU, figure 3.1 shows that majority of the

respondents (15 or 18%) are having 6,001-7,000 monthly income while 4 or 5% are having

3,001-4,000 monthly income.

Figure 3. Income per month (Housewives)

Figure 3.1 Income per month (Student Respondents)

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Level of Awareness of R.A 9262

When asked if they are aware of the Republic Act, Table 1 shows that the majority of the

respondents (33 or 53%) from LNU are aware of the Republic Act 9262 while 2 or 3% are

slightly aware.

Meanwhile, for the housewives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog, majority of the respondents (51

or 61%) are slightly aware and only 2 or 2% are fully aware.

Table 1. Awareness of R.A 9262

Are you aware of R.A Respondent Mean Rating
9262 also known as LNU Married/ Live 3.34 Aware
Anti-Violence Against In Students
Women and their Housewives of Brgy. 2.32 Slightly Aware
Children? Palanog

Table 2 shows the awareness of the housewives of Brgy. Palanog on R.A 9262. The study

found out that the respondents were slightly aware of all the provisions of the Act. They obtained

an overall mean of 2.38 described as “slightly aware” which implies that the housewives are not

so knowledgeable with the provisions of R.A 9262.

The findings are contrary to the study of Caparas and Amparado (2012) who researched

on “Women’s Awareness on the Law on Anti-Violence against Women and their Children” and

Morales who researched on “Awareness on R.A 9262” where they stated that majority of the

respondents were aware of the intimate partner violence in R.A 9262.

17
Table 2. Awareness of Housewives of the provisions of R.A 9262

Questions Mean Adjectival Rating

1. Causing physical harm to the woman and her child. 2.32 SA
2. Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical harm. 2.33 SA
3. Placing the woman and her child in fear of imminent physical harm. 2.44 SA
4. Attempting to compel or compelling the woman or her child to engage 2.46 SA
in conduct which the woman or her child has the right detest from conduct
which the woman or her child has the right to engage in.
5. Attempting to restrict or restricting the woman or her child's freedom of 2.46 SA
movement or conduct by force or threat of force, physical or other harm or
threat of physical or intimidation directed against the woman or child.
6. Threatening to deprive or actually depriving the woman or her child of 2.33 SA
custody to her/his family.
7.Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her children of 2.44 SA
financial of financial support legally due her family, or deliberately
providing the woman's children insufficient financial support.
8. Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her child of a legal 2.38 SA
right.
9. Preventing the woman in engaging in any legitimate profession, 2.43 SA
occupation, business or activity.
10. Controlling the victim's own money or properties, or solely controlling 2.35 SA
the conjugal or common money, or properties.
11. Inflicting or threating to inflict physical harm on oneself for the 2.37 SA
purpose of controlling her actions or decisions.
12. Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to engage in 2.49 SA
any sexual activity which does not constitute rape, by force or threat of
force, physical harm or through intimidation directed against the woman or
her child or her/his immediate family.
13. Stalking or following the woman or her child in public or private 2.35 SA
places.
14. Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of the woman 2.24 SA
or her child.
15. Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the woman 2.27 SA
or her child against her/his will.
16. Destroying the property and personal belongings or inflicting harm to 2.48 SA
animals or pets of the woman or her child.
17. Engaging in any form of harassment or violence. 2.35 SA
18. Causing mental or emotional anguish, publish ridicule or humiliation 2.43 SA
to the woman or her child, including but not limited to repeated verbal and
emotional abuse.
19. Denial of financial support to wife and family. 2.40 SA
20. Denial of custody of minor children of access to the woman's child. 2.40 SA
Grand Mean 2.38 SA
Legend: 3.25 – 4.0 Highly Aware (HA); 2.50 – 3.24 Aware (A); 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Aware
(LA) 1.0 – 1.74 Not Aware (NA)

18
 Table 3 shows the awareness of married/live-in female respondents in LNU, the

respondents were highly aware of all of the provisions except for the seven provisions namely;

(9) preventing the woman in engaging in any legitimate profession, occupation, business or

activity; (10) Controlling the victim’s money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal or

common money or properties (11) Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical harm to oneself for

the purpose of controlling her actions or decisions; (13) Stalking or following the woman or her

child in public or private places; (14) Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of

the woman or her child; (15) Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the

woman or her child against her/his will;(16) Destroying the property and personal belongings or

inflicting harm to animals or pets of the woman or her child in which they are only aware. They

obtained overall mean of 3.33 described as “Highly Aware” that implies that the respondents are

knowledgeable with the provisions.

The result is in harmony with Patil, Tadasad and Deepthi (2015) on their research namely

“Awareness of Women’s Rights” where they stated that most of the respondents are aware of

their rights.

This goes back to the theory of “Knowledge Gap” where higher socio-economic status of

an individual affects their knowledge and awareness. The findings proved that the theory indeed

is authentic, it shows that the higher educational attainment the more knowledge is perceived

than with those who has lower educational attainment. But it does not justify that the lower

educational attainment means that there is no presence of knowledge and awareness. It is seen in

the result that though the housewives of Brgy. Palanog are not highly aware of the Republic Act,

they are still on the scale of “Slightly Aware” which means they have a bit of knowledge and

awareness of the Republic Act.

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Table 3. Awareness of female college respondents of R.A 9262

Questions Mean Adjectival Rating

1. Causing physical harm to the woman and her child. 3.50 HA
2. Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical harm. 3.52 HA
3. Placing the woman and her child in fear of imminent physical harm. 3.47 HA
4. Attempting to compel or compelling the woman or her child to engage 3.48 HA
in conduct which the woman or her child has the right detest from conduct
which the woman or her child has the right to engage in.
5. Attempting to restrict or restricting the woman or her child's freedom of 3.26 HA
movement or conduct by force or threat of force, physical or other harm or
threat of physical or intimidation directed against the woman or child.
6. Threatening to deprive or actually depriving the woman or her child of 3.32 HA
custody to her/his family.
7.Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her children of 3.37 HA
financial of financial support legally due her family, or deliberately
providing the woman's children insufficient financial support.
8. Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her child of a legal 3.40 HA
right.
9. Preventing the woman in engaging in any legitimate profession, 3.13 A
occupation, business or activity.
10. Controlling the victim's own money or properties, or solely controlling 3.23 A
the conjugal or common money, or properties.
11. Inflicting or threating to inflict physical harm on oneself for the 3.21 A
purpose of controlling her actions or decisions.
12. Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to engage in 3.32 HA
any sexual activity which does not constitute rape, by force or threat of
force, physical harm or through intimidation directed against the woman or
her child or her/his immediate family.
13. Stalking or following the woman or her child in public or private 3.15 A
places.
14. Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of the woman 3.06 A
or her child.
15. Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the woman 3.24 A
or her child against her/his will.
16. Destroying the property and personal belongings or inflicting harm to 3.18 A
animals or pets of the woman or her child.
17. Engaging in any form of harassment or violence. 3.42 HA

18. Causing mental or emotional anguish, publish ridicule or humiliation 3.47 HA

to the woman or her child, including but not limited to repeated verbal and
emotional abuse.
19. Denial of financial support to wife and family. 3.50 HA

20. Denial of custody of minor children of access to the woman's child. 3.42 HA

Grand Mean 3.33 HA

Legend: 3.25 – 4.0 Highly Aware (HA); 2.50 – 3.24 Aware (A); 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Aware
(LA) 1.0 – 1.74 Not Aware (NA)

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Sources of Awareness

Figure 4 shows the sources of awareness of housewives of Brgy. Palanog. The majority

of the respondents preferred television as their main sources of knowledge with 83% majority

and books being the least with 7%.

Figure 4. Sources of knowledge of Housewive

Table 4 shows the sources of awareness ranked as to what the Housewives of Brgy. 37-A

preferred as their source of knowledge.

Table 4. Ranking according to the preferred source of knowledge of Housewives

Sources Ranking
Televison 1
Seminar 2
Internet 3
Radio 4
Government Agencies 5
Newspapers 6
Family Members 7
Friends 8
Neighbors 9
Class Lectures/ Org. Lectures 10
Books 11
Library 12

Figure 5 shows the sources of awareness of respondents in LNU. Majority of the also

preferred television as their main source of knowledge with 76% while family member and

neighbors are the least which has 9% on both factors.

The finding shows that both groups preferred televison as their source of awareness.

Which support the study of Tunio and Shouakt on their research “Role of Television in

21
Awareness of Women Rights” where they found out that the women are able gain information

with the use of television which increases their level of knowledge and awareness.

Figure 5 Sources of knowledge of female respondents

Table 4 shows the sources of a ranked as to what the married/live-in female respondents

in LNU preferred as their source of knowledge.

Table 4 Ranking according to the preferred source of knowledge of student respondents

Sources Ranking
Televison 1
Class Lectures 2
Internet 3
Seminar 4
Books 5
Radio 6
Family Members 7
Friends 8
Government Agencies 9
Newspapers 10
Library 11
Neighbors 12

Factors That Hinder the Respondents in Gaining Information

Figure 6 shows the factors that hinder the Housewives of Brgy. 37-A Palanog. It shows

that work and over worked with other task as mother and as a wife are the main reasons that

hinders them in accessing and gaining information having 51% on both factors.

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 Figure 6. Factors that hinder the Housewives in gaining information

Comparing it to the female respondents of LNU. Figure 6.1 below shows that the main

factor that hinders them is being overworked in school activities with 44%, and followed by

overworked with other task as a mother or as a wife and having no interest with 27% on both

factors.

Figure 6.1 Factors that hinder the female student respondents in acquiring information

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 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the study.

SUMMARY

The summary of the study is focused on the level of awareness of R. A. 9262 where the

respondents are female college students of Leyte Normal University under the program of

College of Education who is either married or living with her partner and the housewives of

Brgy. 37-A Palanog Tacloban City. This study aims to know the level of awareness of both

groups of the Republic Act 9262 and to determine which of the groups has the higher percentage

of awareness.

The results of the study revealed that the largest number (28 or 33%) of housewives’

respondents belong to the age group 34-41 years old and the smallest participants belongs to the

age group of 67-70 years’ old which is only 1 or 1% of the total respondents, likewise the largest

numbers of respondents (30 or 48%) from LNU belongs to the age group 18-25 years old and the

smallest belongs to the age group of 42-49 which has 1-2% number of the respondents.

Moreover, findings revealed that the majority of the respondents (33 or 53%) from LNU

are aware of the Republic Act 9262 while 2 or 30% are slightly aware and for the housewives of

Brgy 37-A Palanog Tacloban City the majority of respondents (51 or 61%) are slightly aware and

only 2 or 2% are fully aware.

In the results of their sources of knowledge both groups preferred televisions as their main

source of knowledge, with 70% for the housewives and 50% for the female respondents in LNU.

Lastly, in what hinders both groups in accessing information, the result showed that the

housewives of Brgy. Palanog are overworked with other task as a mother or as a wife with 51% in

total and physically disabled as the least which has 7%. The findings of the respondents in LNU

showed that they are overworked in school activities and having no interest which both have 17%.

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CONCLUSION

This study found out that there’s a large gap in terms of knowledge and awareness about

the Republic Act 9262 between the female respondents in LNU and with the housewives of

Brgy. Palanog. It can be concluded that the female respondents of Leyte Normal University are

more aware of the Republic Act than the housewives of Brgy. Palanog.

In their sources of knowledge, the result showed that both groups preferred television as

their main source of knowledge. The findings also revealed that being overworked with other

task as a mother or wife is the main factor that hinders the housewives of Brgy. Palanog in

accessing information of the Republic Act, while the female respondents of LNU are hindered by

factors such as being overworked at school and being overworked as a mother or as a wife.

Lastly, from this study it can be concluded that socio-economic status has a great impact

to individual in any aspect. Socio-economic status affects individual in terms of accessing and

retaining information. The higher education an individual gets the higher knowledge and

awareness is perceived. The higher income an individual gets the higher possibility in gathering

tools for information. But socio-economic status does not justify that lower educational

attainment means that there’s no presence of knowledge, from this study it resulted that even

though that the majority of the housewives finished high school, they are still on the scale of

slightly aware which means that there is a presence of knowledge but at the minimal. This is

because most housewives stated that they acquire awareness not only through television but also

with the help of government agencies who helps in disseminating information through lectures

and seminars.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. This study may be used to determine the level of awareness of women in different

schools and barangays.

2. The researchers would recommend to conduct further studies on the perception of

men and women on R.A 9262.

3. The researchers would also recommend to conduct furthers studies on the awareness

of men about the R.A 9262, since men are mostly the perpetrator of violence, it would

25
 be good to set out a question if being aware of the said act lessen the violence

inflicted to women.

4. Lastly, the government agencies especially the Department of Social welfare and

Development(DSWD) must conduct more likely informative seminars focus on the

rights of women and children whether 4P’s beneficiary or not, perhaps 4P’s beneficiary

have seminars on some rights for their better development. Also not only for women,

must include their husband.

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