Comprehensive test paper:18-11-2019-Solutions

1. In addition to Coulomb interaction the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom interact with
hyperne structural interaction for which the splitting for the ground state is of the order of
Ptriplet
10−6 eV. (Ref: Feynman Lectures, Vol. III, Ch. 12 ). Estimate the probability ratio of
Psinglet
the hydrogen atom at room temperature 300 K.
A 2 : 1 B 1 : 2 C 3 : 1 D 1 : 3 Ans: Ans C

∆E ∆E

(2S + 1)

Ptriplet  − 3 −
= S=1 e KB T = e KB T . ∆E ≈ 10−6 eV. At room temp. 300K, KB T =
Psinglet (2S + 1)
 1
S=0
∆E
− ∆E 3
25.6 meV. ∆E << KB T . e KBT ≈ 1 − ≈ 1. Ratio=
KB T 1

2. Person A is free for 50% of week, person B 75% and person C for 20%. If a time of meeting is
xed at random what is the probability that all three cannot meet.
37 3 27 13
A B C D Ans: Ans:A
40 40 40 40

Reqhprob.=P(atleast one person is busy)=1−P(None are busy)=1−P(A,B,C are free)=

1 3 1 i37
1− × × =
2 4 5 40

3. Let Φnlm (r) denotes the normalized Hamiltonian eigenstates of electron in hydrogen atom.
Assume that the electron
√ is in a√normalized superposed√state. √
3 i 3 1 3 i 3
Ψ(r) = Φ321 − √ Φ42−2 + Φ21−1 + √ Φ520 − √ Φ100
4 2 2 2 4 2 4 2
In measurement of energy, if possible values are written as a distribution (i.e energy Vs. prob-
ability) mode of the distribution is?
A −0.25 eV B −0.65 eV C −0.85 eV D −13.6 eV Ans: Ans:C
 i√3 2 E
Mode→most probable value.→  √  ⇒ Energy= 21 ≈ −0.85eV.
2 2 4

4. For a particle in an innite potential well problem with −a < x < a, the trial wavefunction
Ψ = x(x2 − a2 ) can be best used for variational estimate of which stationary state of this
potential.
A ground state B Ist excited C IInd excited D None of these Ans: Ans:B

Ψtrial has node at x = 0 and goes to zero at x = ±a. Also function is odd. Hence match
with I rst excited state.
r
1 2
5. Hydrogen atom electron in state Ψ = √ Φn1 l1 m1 + Φn l m . If < H >= −1.7 eV. Let |Ψi
3 3 22 2
is an exact eigenstate of L2 and Lz , then (ni , li , mi ) =?, (i = 1, 2)
A (n1 , l1 , m1 ) = (3, 1, −1), (n2 , l1 , m2 ) = (4, 1, −1))
B (n1 , l1 , m1 ) = (3, 0, 0), (n2 , l1 , m2 ) = (4, 1, −1))
C (n1 , l1 , m1 ) = (2, 1, −1), (n2 , l1 , m2 ) = (4, 1, −1))
D (n1 , l1 , m1 ) = (2, 0, 0), (n2 , l1 , m2 ) = (4, 1, −1))
Ans: Ans:C
 Since Ψ is a perfect eigen state of L2 and Lz , both l1 = l2 and m1 = m2 . This is satised only
1 E1 2 E1
in options (a) and (c). From (c) < H >= + = −1.7eV.
3 4 3 16
P2
6. Consider a 1-D hamiltonian H = + V (x); where V (x) = V (−x); then their eigenstates are
2m
parity eigen states. If an electric dipole emission occur between second excited state and the
ground state, minimum number of photons emitted is.
A 1 B 2 C 3 D None of these Ans: Ans:B
 
Allowed electric dipole transition occur if < Φf inal xΦinitial >6= 0. Direct transition be-

State ground state Irst excited state IInd excited state

Parity even odd even

tween IInd e.s → g.s is not possible (the integral becomes odd function.). Possible transition
path is IInd e.s →Irst e.s → g.s. Minimum two photons to be emitted.

7. The band gap of Alx Ga1−x As material has a dependency on the Al fraction x as follows,
Eg = 1.424 + 1.427x + 0.041x2 (in eV)
A layer of an unknown composition of this material is illuminated with a light of variable wave-
length, and it is found that the transmission through the layer decreases rapidly for wavelength
√
shorter than 726.5 nm. Then x =?. Given 20080 = 141.70
A 0.2 B 0.4 C 0.6 D 0.7 Ans: Ans:A

hc
Band gap Eg = = 1.71 eV. 0.041x2 + 1.427x + 1.424 = 1.71 ⇒ 0.041x2 + 1.427x − 0.2858 =
λ
0 ≈ 4x2 + 140x − 30 = 0 Solving, x = −35.21, +0.21. Possible value is 0.21.

8. The temperature dependence of specic heat capacity of a perfect insulator would be. See
gure 1
A − B − C − D − Ans: Ans:A

Figure 1: Figure for question 8

CV = AT + BT 3 where AT (BT 3 ) is electron(phonon) contribution. For perfect insulator, free

C
electron contribution is zero. Then CV = BT 3 ⇒ V = BT 2
T
9. Consier a 1-D system of N monovalent metal atoms euqally spaced over length L. The ratio
K
between Fermi wave vector (KF ) and Debye wave vector (KD ) is i.e F =
KD
1 √ 1
A 2 B C 2 D √ Ans: Ans:B
2 2
hLi Nπ hLi Nπ KF 1
N =2 × 2KF ⇒ KF = ; N= × 2KD ⇒ KD = ⇒ =
2π 2L 2π L KD 2
10. An innite square well potential of a particle in a box of size a is modied as shown below. The
energy of ground state compared to the ground state of the unperturbed system. [NET-6/19]
A increases by order of  B increases by order of 2
C decreases by order of  D decreases by order of 2 Ans: Ans: D

Figure 2: Figure for question 10

Ground state of particle is nodeless function. First order correction is an averaging process.
For two equal and opposite perturbation ±∆ (as in gure), This average will cancel and rst
order energy correction is zero. The second order energy correction for ground state is always
negative, causing energy to decrease by O(2 )

11. Nitrogen has atomic number 7. For N− ion with an extra electron than neutral nitrogen nd
ground state 2S+1 LJ term symbol. (Options are not provided)
A − B − C − D − Ans: Ans 3 P2

N − ⇒ 1s2 2s2 2p4 For ground state L = ms = 1, J = L + S = 2 ⇒ 3 P2

P P
ml = 1, S =

ml ms
1 1
−
2 2
+1 ↑ ↓
0 ↑
−1 ↑

√
12. Assuming β decay spectrum is given by N (E)dE ∝ E(Emax − E)2 dE . Where N (E) is num-
ber of β particles with energy E . The most probable energy value is
E E E E
A max B max C max D max Ans: Ans:D
2 3 4 5
dN Emax
For most probable value i.e energy where N (E) is maximum, = 0 ⇒ Emost probable =
dE 5

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