Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
TECHNOLOGY (DIT)
SIGNATURE……………….. DATE…………………..
1
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MANUAL VOTING SYSTEM ON STUDENTS’
GENERAL ELECTIONS: AT
DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………….2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………..3
1.1 Background study……………………………………….….3
1.2 Problem Statement……………………………………….…3
1.2.1 Problem Definition………………………………...3
1.3 Objectives of the study………………………………….…..3
1.3.1 Main Objectives………………………………........3
1.3.2 Specific Objectives……………………………........3
1.4 Scope………………………………………………………...4
1.5 Significance of the study………………………………….....4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….…5
2.1 Introduction………………………………………………….5
2.2 Electoral Fraud………………………………………………5
2.3 Low Voter Turnout……………………………………….….5
2.4 Research gap…………………………………………………6
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………..7
3.1 Research Design………………………………………………7
3.2 Research Site………………………………………………….7
3.3 Population……………………………………………………..8
3.4 Sampling………………………………………………………8
3.5 Research Instruments………………………………………….8
3.5.1 Questionnaires………………………………………...8
3.5.2 Interviews…………………………………………….8
3.5.3 Observation…………………………………………..9
CHAPTER 4: REFERENCES AND APPENDICES......…………….…..10
4.1 References………………………………………………….….10
4.2 Appendix A…………………………………………….……...11
4.3 Appendix B…………………………………………………....11
2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND:
1.4 SCOPE:
The study is conducted at the Dar es salaam Institute of Technology main campus at
Upanga, Dar es Salaam. The study is done only on the voting part of the election all
other activities involved or related to election are not considered. On top of that the
research is focused on studying the manual voting process of student’s general
election and no other elections which take place at the Institute like committee
election.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE:
The study is intended to have the following importance to the DIT students’
community:
i) The study exposes or reveals clearly the negative impacts of manual voting
system at the campus.
ii) Research findings can be a major convincing factor for Dar es Salaam of
Technology Students Organization (DITSO) to switch to better voting
systems like online voting system so as to cope with the environment and its
requirements.
4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
There has been a lot of researches are going on to find new and better ways of voting
using technology in this digital age. There are many ways in which the integrity of
elections can be affected A lot of researchers agree that manual voting system has
more disadvantages than advantages and that is why there are so many researches
on finding better voting procedures, processes and protocols.
5
2.4 RESEARCH GAP:
Although many researches and studies have been conducted, almost all of them are
conducted in foreign places and locations: Europe, India, Americas and some few
African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa). There are no locally
conducted researches in Tanzania to provide insights and detailed analysis of the
problem on the local level.
Also another notable gap is that most of the researches have focused on many
variables of the manual voting affect the election but there are not enough researches
which have studied in detail the variable of slow and time consuming voting process,
that is, how long waiting lines caused by the manual voting system are a big source
of disappointment for voters as a lot of time is wasted just to make it to the ballot
box.
For these problems caused by manual voting system, the suggestion is to adopt e-
voting as a tool for curbing electoral fraud in the elections (Nwangwu, et al.
2018).Since free and fair elections are a cornerstone of democracy and a fundamental
human right of all the people (Debnath, et al. 2017) it is only fair that this manual
system which has already been proven to have a lot of shortcomings be thought of
and improved so that the more people could participate in voting.
6
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
3.3 POPULATION:
The population of the research are students of the DIT main campus. The students
are the ones that are experienced enough with DIT elections, that is, third and second
year students.
7
3.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The research uses purposive sampling type of sampling which belongs to non-
probability sampling category where sample members are selected on basis of
knowledge, experience and expertise regarding students’ elections at DIT main
campus. Random sampling is also used.
The following are the chosen samples of the research:
i) President of the Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology Students’
Organization (DITSO).
ii) The members of the Students Election Committee
iii) 25 second year students and 25 third year students who voted on two or
more general students’ elections.
iv) 25 second year and 25 third year students who never vote.
3.5.1 Questionnaires
In this case, the users of the system are the students i.e. voters, the candidates and
the DITSO committee body are the target of this questionnaires. Questionnaires are
used on questions which require short answers and they are constructed in such a
way that the answers are either yes or no. Some of the major questions that will be
contained in the questionnaires are problems associated with the current voting
system and their proposals of a better system if any.
8
3.5.2 Interviews
This involve face to face conversation so as to get direct primary data from the
research participants. Interviews are used to collect data from participants in a freer
manner and give the participants more room for expression. This data collection
technique will be used on open ended questions in which students’ views, thoughts
and opinions are required.
3.5.3 Observation
Data is also collected from observing the existing election processes and students’
behavior.
The following are things to be observed:
i. Students attendance
ii. Duration of voting
iii. Process of vote counting
iv. Voter satisfaction on election results
9
CHAPTER 4: REFERENCES AND APPENDICES
REFERENCES
1. Davies, G. & Zeliner, J.E. (2015). America at the Ballot Box: Elections and
Political History. University of Pennsylvania Press
2. Debnath, Kapoor S. & Mudit. (2017).The Impact of Electronic Voting
Machines on Electoral Frauds, Democracy and Development. India.
3. Kersting, N. (2009). African Spectrum. South Africa: German Institute of
Global Area Studies (GIGA).
4. Nwangwu C., Otu A.O. & Onah V.C. (2018). Elixir of Electoral Fraud: the
Impact of Digital Technology on the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria.
Nigeria: Taylor and Francis Group.
5. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. (2018).
Securing the vote: Protecting American Democracy. The National
Academies Press
10
APPENDIX A:
Questionnaires for students
i) Have you ever voted? Yes/No
ii) Is the amount of time for voting appropriate? Yes/No
iii) Have you ever left at the middle of the voting process because you
thought it was taking too long? Yes/No
iv) Have you ever voted multiple times for a single candidate? Yes/No
v) Is vote counting done fairly without manipulations? Yes/No
Questionnaires for the President of DITSO
i. How much time does it take to prepare for an election
ii. How many cases of vote manipulation do you receive per election
APPENDIX B:
Interview questions for students:
i) Why do you vote?
ii) Why don’t you ever vote?
iii) What do you think of existing voting system?
iv) What should be done to improve the existing system?
Interview questions for the President of DITSO:
i. How hard is it to control the voting process?
ii. How are the ballot votes secured?
11