Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
is the process of breaking down ideas and using deductive reasoning, formal voice and third-
person point-of-view. It's what you’re thinking and what evidence has contributed to that
thinking.
SAMPLE OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Research Paper
Conference Paper
Feasibility Study
Thesis
Book Review
Research Paper
Essay
Academic Journals
Reports
SIX MAIN TEXT TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Textbook - These are specifically designed to help the learner. For example, they might have
summaries or review quizzes.
Essays - Student essays vary in length and formality, but they usually contain three sections:
Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion. They usually need to include citation of sources. Essays
help teachers to see what students have learned and how deeply.
Theses - You will probably have to write longer texts at postgraduate level. Longer texts include
dissertations (typically 10,000 to 20,000 words) at the Master's level and theses (typically
60,000 to 80,000 words) at Doctor's level (Ph.D.). The structure and style vary across disciplines
but is likely to include the following:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Research Design/Methodology
Results/Findings
Discussion/Interpretation
Recommendations
Conclusion
Research Articles - Research articles are written mainly for a specialist audience – researchers,
academics and postgraduate students. They usually contain the following:
Academic Reading is different in many ways from reading comics, novels and magazines. Two
important differences are
1. What we read?
Content and styles of academic texts
2. How we read?
What readers of academic text are expected to do.
CONTENT AND STYLE OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Authors of academic texts:
Lesson 1
ENGLISH DICTION
Diction or choice of words separates good writing from bad writing. It depends on a
number of factors.
Words should be right and accurate.
Appropriate to the context
Can be understood
A. Exact Diction
Exactness in diction requires the writer or speaker to think clearly and carefully.
The success of this procedure depends on your command of the language.
B. Vivid Diction
This means that the communication is alive. Use metaphors that are new to the ears
and eyes.
C. Specific Diction
As much as possible use specific instead of general nomenclatures.
Sensory words help the reader to feel and experience that the writer is recording. These
words call sensory images, they are particularly effective in description
D. Proper Diction
Language is subject to social conventions in the same way that a person’s manner of
dressing is. Most of the English words belong to what is called Standard English.
Lesson 1
Name: Score:
Section: Date:
Directions: Read the text and choose the best answer for each question. Then formulate 3
questions from the given text. Avoid knowledge level questions.
Today millions of people want to learn or improve their English but it is difficult to find
the best method. Is it better to study in Britain or America or to study in your own country?
The advantages of going to Britain seem obvious. Firstly, you will able to listen to the
language all the time you are in the country. You will be surrounded completely by the
language wherever you go. Another advantage is that you have to speak the language if you are
with other people. In Italy, it is always possible in the class to speak Italian if you want to and
the learning is slower.
On the other hand, there are also advantages to staying at home to study. You don’t
have to make big changes to your life. It is also a lot cheaper than going to Britain, but it is
never possible to achieve the result of living in the UK. If you have a good teacher in Italy, I
think you can learn in a more concentrated way than being in Britain without going to school.
So, in conclusion, I think that if you have enough time and money, the best choice is to
spend some time in UK. This is simply not possible for most people, so being here in Italy is the
only viable option. The most important think to do in this situation is to maximize your
opportunities to speak only English in class and to try to use English whenever possible outside
the class.
Questions:
4. What should people who don’t have a lot of time and money do?
Lesson 1