Experiment # 13

Power Analyzer
Objective:
To understand the operation of Power Analyzer

Introduction:
When looking for a power quality analyzer or power measuring device, the question
about application comes first. Here it is important to distinguish whether a temporary
measurement or a continuous long-term measurement should be carried out with a power
quality analyser. Furthermore, it must be found out whether it goes about 1-phase or 3-phase
measurement. In the 3-phase power measurement, it is also necessary to differentiate between
symmetrical and asymmetrical power measurement.

 Phase power measurement:

In principle, power quality analysers which are used for 1-phase measurement can
also be used for 3-phase applications if the load is symmetrical. This is because the current
taken off at all three phases is always the same. The power quality analyzer then calculates the
total power itself. In the power quality analysers for single-phase measurement for permanent
installation, a multiplier for the displayed measured value can be deposited and the display will
always show the correct measured value.
The power quality analysers for this application are often kept very simple and are used only
for temporary measurement. They have no memory and a measuring range is relatively limited.
 Phase power quality analyzer:
Multiple phase power quality analyzers have at least 3 current clamps or
Rogowski coils to measure the current through the connecting cables of the phases. These
power quality analysers are often used for permanent monitoring of network parameters. For
energy audits or for determination of energy needs of
the industrial companies, power quality analysers are
indispensable. As well as the power quality analysers
for single-phase applications, these power quality
analysers also have voltage measurement cables that
are connected directly to the terminal points. The
power quality analyser measures then, in combination
with the current clamps, the parameters: current,
voltage, mains frequency and phase angle. From
these parameters, the three-phase power quality
analyzers then calculate all power parameters such as active, apparent and reactive power.
Power quality analysers of this type are usually equipped with a memory function / data logger.

The datalogger enables continuous storage of the network data, thus helping to determine the
energy needs or consumption of machines and systems. The memory is then often read out via
a corresponding reading software. Besides, there are also power quality analysers available that
store the measurement data on a SD memory card. This simplifies the analysis of the
 Experiment # 13

measurement data to such an extent that no other software

is needed for tabular measurement data evaluation.
Another extension level of the power quality analyser is
the network analyzer.

The power analyzer PCE-PA6000 power analyzer can be

used as a desktop or portable instrument for measuring
active power, apparent power, power factor, energy
consumption, AC voltage, AC current, DC voltage, DC
current, resistance and frequency. The power /
performance measurement can be performed with this
power analyzer either directly with the supplied test leads, or indirectly by current clamps.

- Performance
- Power factor
- AC voltage and current
- DC voltage and current, resistance and frequency
- Incl. software, data cable and test Lead

 Useful information about power analyzers:

In the power measurements of voltage networks, power is the result of the
formula P = U * I; which means the product of the voltage U and
electric current I. In the case of measuring alternating current (i.e. line
voltage of 50 Hz) a phase angle between current and voltage is generated.
You should take it into account in measuring effective power. Therefore,
the power quality analyzer shows the combined measurement of electrical
power, a tour of the voltage and current. The value P (effective power) is equivalent, as
described above, to the product of both values.
In practice there are three different power classes:
- Apparent power S measured in W (watt- amps)
- Effective power P (and equivalent power) measured as W (watts)
- Idle power Q as VAR (watt, amps and reagents)
In general we have to differ between two measuring methods.
direct current measurement: For this current measurement, the circuit must be opened. It is
not possible to measure in an active circuit indirect current measurement: The current is
measured by a current transformer clamp. This can be easily clicked around the wire. It is not
necessary to open the circuit.

All PCE power quality analysers provide the indirect

measurement system.
 Experiment # 13

Power Analysers are available as several types and

versions. Depending on the field of operation,
several Power analysers are advisable. For
maintenance and inspections power analysers with
clamps are available. These power analysers will
measure current indirectly so you don't have to take
action in the current circuit. Electric power is able
to be measured and described with power analysers,
too.
Procedure:
1. Connect the Power Meter using the load cord. Plug the Banana plugs into the Voltage input
terminals of Element # 1. Connect the Spade lugs to the Current terminals of element # 1. Make
sure all connections are tight.
2. Plug the power meter power cord into the load cord.
3. Turn on the power meter.
4. Press UP or DOWN Arrow Key to display the Voltage Ranges of
15/30/60/150/300/600/Auto. Display the desired Range and Press .
5. Press UP or DOWN Arrow Key to display the Current Ranges. WT210
Ranges:5/10/20/50/100/200 mA, 0.5/1/2/5/10/20 A , Auto. Display the desired Range and
Press . If the unit has External Current Sensor Option, these ranges will be displayed as E 2.5/E
5/E 10 V (EX1 Option), or E 50/E 100/E 200 mV (EX2 Option).
6. Setting VOLTAGE MODE. Press (MODE). Mode will change from RMS to VOLTAGE
MEAN, and will be indicated by the Green LED under the MODE Display at the top. Press
(MODE) again. Mode will change from VOLTAGE MEAN to DC. Press (MODE) again and
MODE will change back to RMS.
7. Note that the Current Mode is either RMS or DC.

Observations and calculations:

Sr.no Voltage Power Q S E-T
Current (kw) (kvar) (kvA)

1 223.5 0.264 Pf=0.783

228.5 0.318 0.15 0.120 0.193 F=50
228.2 0.256 t=5h
2 232.0 0.346 Pf=0.742
226.0 0.342 0.175 0.159 0.236 F=50
227.5 0.342 t=5h
3 232.9 0.546 Pf=0.719
226.3 0.662 0.290 0.280 0.403 F=50.1
227.4 0.552 t=5h
 Experiment # 13

Conclusions:
 Electric motors are electromechanical machines that convert electric energy into
mechanical energy. Despite differences in size and type, all electric motors work in
much the same way: an electric current flowing through a wire coil in a magnetic field
creates a force that rotates the coil, thus creating torque.

 Understanding power generation, power loss and the different types of power measured
can be intimidating,

Questions & Answers

Q#01: Describe the reason for a harmonics in power system?

Ans: Harmonics are caused by non-linear loads, that is loads that draw a non- sinusoidal
current from a sinusoidal voltage source. Some examples of harmonic producing loads
are electric arc furnaces, static VAR compensators, inverters, DC converters, switch-
mode power supplies, and AC or DC motor drives.

Q#02: Describe the methods of elimination of harmonics in power system?

Ans: Harmonics arise mainly due to non linear loads which, in most cases, can not be
avoided. For example, there are large number of transformers in any power system and all of
them work with some core saturation, thus introducing third harmonic in the current.
Likewise, number of thyristor converters and inverters in the system are on the rise, which
are all non linear equipment causing distortion of the current. Fortunately the most common
harmonic is third harmonic and at the same time, it is the one that can be suppressed most
easily. Thus a path for third harmonic should invariably be provided, either through a delta
loop or through a grounded star. As regards fifth and seventh harmonics, there is no choice
but to eliminate them at source.

Q#03: Describe the Power analyzer power factor meter , MDI meter?
Ans: Power Factor Meter
The power factor meter measures the power factor of a transmission system. The power
factor is the cosine of the angle between the voltage and current. The power factor
meter determines the types of load using on the line, and it also calculates the losses occur
on it.

MDI a average reading of KW in a perticuler interval of time (normally 30 seconds). It is

used to charge consumer an extrabill if consumer has consumed energy through excessive
load then is limit .

Energy Meter The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by
the electric load is known as the energy meter. The energy is the total power consumed and
utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. It is used in domestic and industrial AC
circuit for measuring the power consumption. The meter is less expensive and accurate.
 Experiment # 13

Q#04: Discribe the operation of Energy meter single phase and 3 phase?

Ans: Now there are two types of induction meters and they are written as follows:

Single phase type

Three phase type induction meters.

Here we are going to discuss the single-phase induction type in

detail.

Single phase induction type energy meter is also popularly known as watt-hour meter. This
name is given to it. This article focusses only on its constructional features and its working.

Induction type energy meter essentially consists of following components:

1. Driving system
2. Moving system
3. Braking system and
4. Registering system