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Abstract
The study is conducted to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the household poultry farmers and its
impact on livelihood improvement. Sixty household poultry farmers were selected from Sadar upazila and
Trishal upazila under Mymensingh district. Tabular as well as econometric methods were applied to analyze the
data. Attempts were made to identify socio-economic characteristics, calculation of costs, returns, and find out
the problems faced by the household poultry farmers. The study revealed that majority of the household poultry
farmers were of the age group of 25-45 years and the highest number had secondary education. The average
total costs per family was Tk. 9810. The average gross return was Tk. 11087 and net return was Tk. 1277 and
benefit-cost ratio was 1.13. Family poultry production brought positive changes in different types of livelihood
assets, daily protein intake, savings, women empowerment, change in health and sanitation, etc. Seventy two
percent poultry keeper opined their socio-economic conditions got improvement through household poultry
farming. The study identified some economical, social and natural, marketing, technical problems, and their
provable solutions.
Citation: Rahaman S. (2012), A Socioeconomic Study on Household Poultry Rearing in Some Selected Areas of
Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. IRJALS 1(1): p. 27 – 35.
Copyright: @ 2012 Zinnat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Common Attribution 3.0 License.
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1. Introduction
Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries having large population and small land area. More
than 31 percent of its people still live below poverty line. Bangladesh is overwhelmingly agricultural with
more than half of her total population. Agriculture contributes 22 percent to the GDP (BBS, 2009).
Poultry is an indispensable part of agriculture which can act an important role for poverty alleviation and
socio-economic development.
The poultry sub-sector is crucial in the context of agricultural growth and improvement of diet for the
people in Bangladesh. Poultry can be an important tool to fight poverty not only for this group of people
but also for the distressed women as poultry requires minimum land, short capital and skill. In
Bangladesh, the poultry sector is also an integral part of the farming system. Poultry meat is the fastest
growing component of global meat production, consumption, and trade, with developing and transition
economies playing a leading role in its expansion. In addition to providing opportunities to increase
poultry exports, rising poultry production spurs growth in global import demand for feeds and other
inputs and in investment opportunities in this sector.
Meat is an excellent source of protein. Household poultry ensures the availability of poultry meat to the
rural poor who suffer from malnutrition. Poultry meat is cheaper than beef, mutton, etc. It is generally
accepted by all religion and casts. The poultry meat is also digestible with less fat comparatively with
other animals. Household poultry production provides balance protein and income opportunities for the
family.
Small scale household poultry plays a significant role in improving the livelihood of resource poor
farmers. The majority portion of farmers in their homestead raise 77.29 percent chicken and 84.41 percent
duck respectively of the total chicken and duck production in the country (Karim, 2000). Bangladesh is
turning to be sick, stunted and degenerated bunch of people due to protein deficiency. About 70 percent
people suffer from malnutrition (Rahman, 2003). It is also well accepted that small scale family poultry
provides balance diet and helps in poverty alleviation in rural areas. Household poultry is generally kept
by the village women. It can bring a remarkable change for the family. It improves livelihood pattern.
Children of these families have a scope for balance nutrition. Earning from household poultry has a
potential impact on total income. It helps to make better choice. Household poultry improves livelihood
of poultry keeper and their family members.
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2. Related Research
The researchers reviewed Karim et al. 2001, Khatun et al. 2005, Saleque et al. 2002, Tohura, 2004,
Mandal et al. 2005, Alam, 2004, Shafiq et al. 2008, Karim et al. 2000 and Bhuiyan, 2003 but none of
them addressed household poultry issue. The present study is an attempt to identify the socio-economic
condition of the farm family and to identify major problems that are faced by the household poultry
growers. Although this study will be helpful to estimate the change in financial assets, physical assets,
social assets, food intake, etc. The researcher believes that this study will be supportive for making
decision in developing of household poultry and other related works.
The present study was designed to analyze the impact of household poultry on livelihood improvement
and the costs and returns of this farming in the areas of Trishal upazila and Sadar upazila under
Mymensingh district. The specific objectives of the study are as follows:
To estimate the results statistical analysis was done by using the following regression equation.
Y= 0 + 1X
Where, Y= Dependent variable (Return)
X=Independent Variable (Cost)
0 = Intercept and 1= Slope coefficient
To examine the socio-economic development, the impact analysis of livelihood assets was followed.
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4. Results and discussion
The socioeconomic characteristics of the household poultry farmers were discussed here. It was observed
that 87 percent of the total poultry farmers aged between 25-45 years. Average age of the broiler farmer was
32 years. Most of the respondents are below secondary education level. In case of occupation, all farmers
practice household poultry farming as a subsidiary occupation.
Table 1 Age group and education levels of the household poultry farmers
In this study, at first cost and return was estimated for 60 farms and then average values were calculated.
Fixed cost included housing cost and Variable cost included all the variable factors like feed cost, cost of
tools and equipments, bird purchasing cost, veterinary expenses, human labour cost, etc. The total costs
being obtained by adding up all costs and average total costs per family was tk. 9810 . The average
gross return was tk 11087 and net return was tk 1277 and benefit cost ratio was 1.13 (on total cost).
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3. Net return (B-A) 1277
Source: Field Survey, 2011
12000
11000
10000
9000
Value in tk/farm family
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Gross return Total costs Net return
Figure 6.1: Average gross return, total costs and net return of per farm family.
Figure 6.1: Gross return, total costs and net return of per family poultry farm.
Economic point of view, most of the time return is influenced by cost. Correlation and simple
regression analysis is used to identify that relation ship. Measures of Association between Cost and
Return represents whether household poultry farming is profitable or not and how much change
being occurred.
Yi 0 1 X i i
where, Yi means return of the i th household (i.e. dependent variable), X i means cost of the i th
household (i.e. independent variable), 0 and 1 are regression coefficients, i means random error
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The results of the analysis (by using MINITAB 13 software) are given below:
model. 0 = 1334.5, the composite impact of all other variables those are not included in the model.
1 = 0.994 means if cost increase by 1 unit on an average the income will be increased by .994 units.
At 5% level of significance, the influence between cost and return is statistically significant
(since, P value (0.000) .05 ).
It is evident from the result that if the household poultry farmer does not use any additional cost
items for poultry production, naturally they may get a minimum value.
Finally a comparative study was done in between household poultry keeper and non keeper. The findings
of this comparative study helps to identify that household poultry farming how can bring a significant
change in any family. The following table shows that the household poultry keeper have an opportunity
to education, income generation, savings, daily protein intake, recreation facility, Purchasing luxurious
goods etc. They also have a positive attitude to the investment activities. On the other way, non keeper
families have low income level, education level. They suffer from malnutrition and various types of
diseases. Most of them have not a scope for savings and investment.
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Table 3 Impact analysis for household poultry keeper and non keeper
The study identified some problems and constraints associated with household poultry production. These
were categorized into economic, social and natural, marketing, and technical problems. Predatory
animals, outbreak of diseases, Problem of theft, Price fluctuation of poultry, Lack of credit
institution, Housing problem were the main problems for household poultry farmers.
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In the study area, a lot of problems and difficulties were found in family level poultry production. To
overcome the difficulties of household poultry raising and to make poultry production more profitable in
the country, the following recommendations are put forward for the improvement of existing production
of household poultry.
i. National Poultry Development Policy is required to formulate for the development of present
growth of household poultry farming.
ii. Feed standardization and quality control act of poultry feed need to be formulated immediately.
iii. Regular vaccination is a prerequisite for any improvement in family poultry production.
Necessary steps should be taken to reduce the losses from diseases.
iv. The marketing system is generally informal and poorly developed in rural areas. But local
consumers generally prefer meat and eggs from indigenous stocks. The existence of a local
market offering good sales opportunities and adequate transport facilities are an obvious
prerequisite for household poultry development.
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